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3 results on '"Tape, K. D. (Ken D.)"'

1. Shallow soils are warmer under trees and tall shrubs across Arctic and Boreal ecosystems

Author

Kropp, H. (Heather), Loranty, M. M. (Michael M.), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Kholodov, A. L. (Alexander L.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian, V), Myers-Smith, I. (Isla), Abbot, B. W. (Benjamin W.), Abermann, J. (Jakob), Blanc-Betes, E. (Elena), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Breen, A. L. (Amy L.), Cahoon, S. M. (Sean M. P.), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Douglas, T. A. (Thomas A.), Epstein, H. E. (Howard E.), Frost, G. V. (Gerald, V), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Mamet, S. D. (Steven D.), O'Donnell, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Olefeldt, D. (David), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Salmon, V. G. (Verity G.), Sannel, A. B. (A. Britta K.), Smith, S. L. (Sharon L.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Vaughn, L. S. (Lydia Smith), Williams, M. (Mathew), Elberling, B. (Bo), Gough, L. (Laura), Hjort, J. (Jan), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugenie S.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jones, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Jorgenson, M. T. (M. Torre), Gruenberg, I. (Inge), Kim, Y. (Yongwon), Laundre, J. (James), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Lee, B.-Y. (Bang-Yong), Langley, K. (Kirsty), Lund, M. (Magnus), Kropp, H. (Heather), Loranty, M. M. (Michael M.), Natali, S. M. (Susan M.), Kholodov, A. L. (Alexander L.), Rocha, A. V. (Adrian, V), Myers-Smith, I. (Isla), Abbot, B. W. (Benjamin W.), Abermann, J. (Jakob), Blanc-Betes, E. (Elena), Blok, D. (Daan), Blume-Werry, G. (Gesche), Boike, J. (Julia), Breen, A. L. (Amy L.), Cahoon, S. M. (Sean M. P.), Christiansen, C. T. (Casper T.), Douglas, T. A. (Thomas A.), Epstein, H. E. (Howard E.), Frost, G. V. (Gerald, V), Goeckede, M. (Mathias), Hoye, T. T. (Toke T.), Mamet, S. D. (Steven D.), O'Donnell, J. A. (Jonathan A.), Olefeldt, D. (David), Phoenix, G. K. (Gareth K.), Salmon, V. G. (Verity G.), Sannel, A. B. (A. Britta K.), Smith, S. L. (Sharon L.), Sonnentag, O. (Oliver), Vaughn, L. S. (Lydia Smith), Williams, M. (Mathew), Elberling, B. (Bo), Gough, L. (Laura), Hjort, J. (Jan), Lafleur, P. M. (Peter M.), Euskirchen, E. S. (Eugenie S.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Humphreys, E. R. (Elyn R.), Iwata, H. (Hiroki), Jones, B. M. (Benjamin M.), Jorgenson, M. T. (M. Torre), Gruenberg, I. (Inge), Kim, Y. (Yongwon), Laundre, J. (James), Mauritz, M. (Marguerite), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Ueyama, M. (Masahito), Lee, B.-Y. (Bang-Yong), Langley, K. (Kirsty), and Lund, M. (Magnus)

Abstract

Soils are warming as air temperatures rise across the Arctic and Boreal region concurrent with the expansion of tall-statured shrubs and trees in the tundra. Changes in vegetation structure and function are expected to alter soil thermal regimes, thereby modifying climate feedbacks related to permafrost thaw and carbon cycling. However, current understanding of vegetation impacts on soil temperature is limited to local or regional scales and lacks the generality necessary to predict soil warming and permafrost stability on a pan-Arctic scale. Here we synthesize shallow soil and air temperature observations with broad spatial and temporal coverage collected across 106 sites representing nine different vegetation types in the permafrost region. We showed ecosystems with tall-statured shrubs and trees (>40 cm) have warmer shallow soils than those with short-statured tundra vegetation when normalized to a constant air temperature. In tree and tall shrub vegetation types, cooler temperatures in the warm season do not lead to cooler mean annual soil temperature indicating that ground thermal regimes in the cold-season rather than the warm-season are most critical for predicting soil warming in ecosystems underlain by permafrost. Our results suggest that the expansion of tall shrubs and trees into tundra regions can amplify shallow soil warming, and could increase the potential for increased seasonal thaw depth and increase soil carbon cycling rates and lead to increased carbon dioxide loss and further permafrost thaw.

Published
2020

2. Divergence of Arctic shrub growth associated with sea ice decline

Author

Buchwal, A. (Agata), Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.), Macias-Fauria, M. (Marc), Post, E. (Eric), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Stroeve, J. C. (Julienne C.), Blok, D. (Daan), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Ropars, P. (Pascale), Lévesque, E. (Esther), Elberling, B. (Bo), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Boyle, J. S. (Joseph S.), Boudreau, S. (Stéphane), Boulanger-Lapointe, N. (Noémie), Gamm, C. (Cassandra), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Rachlewicz, G. (Grzegorz), Young, A. (Amanda), Zetterberg, P. (Pentti), Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Sullivan, P. F. (Patrick F.), Macias-Fauria, M. (Marc), Post, E. (Eric), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Stroeve, J. C. (Julienne C.), Blok, D. (Daan), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Ropars, P. (Pascale), Lévesque, E. (Esther), Elberling, B. (Bo), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Boyle, J. S. (Joseph S.), Boudreau, S. (Stéphane), Boulanger-Lapointe, N. (Noémie), Gamm, C. (Cassandra), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Rachlewicz, G. (Grzegorz), Young, A. (Amanda), Zetterberg, P. (Pentti), and Welker, J. M. (Jeffrey M.)

Abstract

Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) is declining at an accelerating rate with a wide range of ecological consequences. However, determining sea ice effects on tundra vegetation remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the universality or lack thereof in tundra shrub growth responses to changes in SIE and summer climate across the Pan-Arctic, taking advantage of 23 tundra shrub-ring chronologies from 19 widely distributed sites (56°N to 83°N). We show a clear divergence in shrub growth responses to SIE that began in the mid-1990s, with 39% of the chronologies showing declines and 57% showing increases in radial growth (decreasers and increasers, respectively). Structural equation models revealed that declining SIE was associated with rising air temperature and precipitation for increasers and with increasingly dry conditions for decreasers. Decreasers tended to be from areas of the Arctic with lower summer precipitation and their growth decline was related to decreases in the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index. Our findings suggest that moisture limitation, associated with declining SIE, might inhibit the positive effects of warming on shrub growth over a considerable part of the terrestrial Arctic, thereby complicating predictions of vegetation change and future tundra productivity.

Published
2020

3. Tundra Trait Team:a database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome

Author

Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Normand, S. (Signe), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, H. (Heather), Anadon-Rosell, A. (Alba), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Bai, Y. (Yang), Baruah, G. (Gaurav), te Beest, M. (Mariska), Berner, L. (Logan), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Blok, D. (Daan), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Buras, A. (Allan), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christie, K. (Katherine), Collier, L. S. (Laura S.), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Dickinson, K. J. (Katharine J. M.), Dullinger, S. (Stefan), Elberling, B. (Bo), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (Maitane), Good, M. K. (Megan K.), Grau, O. (Oriol), Green, P. (Peter), Greve, M. (Michelle), Grogan, P. (Paul), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Happonen, K. (Konsta), Harper, K. A. (Karen A.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H. R.), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hewitt, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Hollister, R. D. (Robert D.), Hudson, J. (James), Huelber, K. (Karl), Iversen, C. M. (Colleen M.), Jaroszynska, F. (Francesca), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Johnstone, J. (Jill), Jorgensen, R. H. (Rasmus Halfdan), Kaarlejarvi, E. (Elina), Klady, R. (Rebecca), Klimesova, J. (Jitka), Korsten, A. (Annika), Kuleza, S. (Sara), Kulonen, A. (Aino), Lamarque, L. J. (Laurent J.), Lantz, T. (Trevor), Lavalle, A. (Amanda), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Levesque, E. (Esther), Little, C. J. (Chelsea J.), Luoto, M. (Miska), Macek, P. (Petr), Mack, M. C. (Michelle C.), Mathakutha, R. (Rabia), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Milbau, A. (Ann), Molau, U. (Ulf), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Morsdorf, M. A. (Martin Alfons), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (Jacob), Nielsen, S. S. (Sigrid Scholer), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Onipchenko, V. G. (Vladimir G.), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Pickering, C. (Catherine), Prevey, J. S. (Janet S.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Rumpf, S. B. (Sabine B.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Shetti, R. (Rohan), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James David Mervyn), Street, L. E. (Lorna E.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Trant, A. (Andrew), Treier, U. A. (Urs A.), Tremblay, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Tremblay, M. (Maxime), Venn, S. (Susanna), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Vowles, T. (Tage), Weijers, S. (Stef), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wipf, S. (Sonja), Zamin, T. (Tara), Bjorkman, A. D. (Anne D.), Myers-Smith, I. H. (Isla H.), Elmendorf, S. C. (Sarah C.), Normand, S. (Signe), Thomas, H. J. (Haydn J. D.), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Alexander, H. (Heather), Anadon-Rosell, A. (Alba), Angers-Blondin, S. (Sandra), Bai, Y. (Yang), Baruah, G. (Gaurav), te Beest, M. (Mariska), Berner, L. (Logan), Bjork, R. G. (Robert G.), Blok, D. (Daan), Bruelheide, H. (Helge), Buchwal, A. (Agata), Buras, A. (Allan), Carbognani, M. (Michele), Christie, K. (Katherine), Collier, L. S. (Laura S.), Cooper, E. J. (Elisabeth J.), Cornelissen, J. H. (J. Hans C.), Dickinson, K. J. (Katharine J. M.), Dullinger, S. (Stefan), Elberling, B. (Bo), Eskelinen, A. (Anu), Forbes, B. C. (Bruce C.), Frei, E. R. (Esther R.), Iturrate-Garcia, M. (Maitane), Good, M. K. (Megan K.), Grau, O. (Oriol), Green, P. (Peter), Greve, M. (Michelle), Grogan, P. (Paul), Haider, S. (Sylvia), Hajek, T. (Tomas), Hallinger, M. (Martin), Happonen, K. (Konsta), Harper, K. A. (Karen A.), Heijmans, M. M. (Monique M. P. D.), Henry, G. H. (Gregory H. R.), Hermanutz, L. (Luise), Hewitt, R. E. (Rebecca E.), Hollister, R. D. (Robert D.), Hudson, J. (James), Huelber, K. (Karl), Iversen, C. M. (Colleen M.), Jaroszynska, F. (Francesca), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Johnstone, J. (Jill), Jorgensen, R. H. (Rasmus Halfdan), Kaarlejarvi, E. (Elina), Klady, R. (Rebecca), Klimesova, J. (Jitka), Korsten, A. (Annika), Kuleza, S. (Sara), Kulonen, A. (Aino), Lamarque, L. J. (Laurent J.), Lantz, T. (Trevor), Lavalle, A. (Amanda), Lembrechts, J. J. (Jonas J.), Levesque, E. (Esther), Little, C. J. (Chelsea J.), Luoto, M. (Miska), Macek, P. (Petr), Mack, M. C. (Michelle C.), Mathakutha, R. (Rabia), Michelsen, A. (Anders), Milbau, A. (Ann), Molau, U. (Ulf), Morgan, J. W. (John W.), Morsdorf, M. A. (Martin Alfons), Nabe-Nielsen, J. (Jacob), Nielsen, S. S. (Sigrid Scholer), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Oberbauer, S. F. (Steven F.), Olofsson, J. (Johan), Onipchenko, V. G. (Vladimir G.), Petraglia, A. (Alessandro), Pickering, C. (Catherine), Prevey, J. S. (Janet S.), Rixen, C. (Christian), Rumpf, S. B. (Sabine B.), Schaepman-Strub, G. (Gabriela), Semenchuk, P. (Philipp), Shetti, R. (Rohan), Soudzilovskaia, N. A. (Nadejda A.), Spasojevic, M. J. (Marko J.), Speed, J. D. (James David Mervyn), Street, L. E. (Lorna E.), Suding, K. (Katharine), Tape, K. D. (Ken D.), Tomaselli, M. (Marcello), Trant, A. (Andrew), Treier, U. A. (Urs A.), Tremblay, J.-P. (Jean-Pierre), Tremblay, M. (Maxime), Venn, S. (Susanna), Virkkala, A.-M. (Anna-Maria), Vowles, T. (Tage), Weijers, S. (Stef), Wilmking, M. (Martin), Wipf, S. (Sonja), and Zamin, T. (Tara)

Abstract

Motivation: The Tundra Trait Team (TTT) database includes field‐based measurements of key traits related to plant form and function at multiple sites across the tundra biome. This dataset can be used to address theoretical questions about plant strategy and trade‐offs, trait–environment relationships and environmental filtering, and trait variation across spatial scales, to validate satellite data, and to inform Earth system model parameters. Main types of variable contained: The database contains 91,970 measurements of 18 plant traits. The most frequently measured traits (> 1,000 observations each) include plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh and dry mass, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus content, leaf C:N and N:P, seed mass, and stem specific density. Spatial location and grain: Measurements were collected in tundra habitats in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including Arctic sites in Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Fennoscandia and Siberia, alpine sites in the European Alps, Colorado Rockies, Caucasus, Ural Mountains, Pyrenees, Australian Alps, and Central Otago Mountains (New Zealand), and sub‐Antarctic Marion Island. More than 99% of observations are georeferenced. Time period and grain: All data were collected between 1964 and 2018. A small number of sites have repeated trait measurements at two or more time periods. Major taxa and level of measurement: Trait measurements were made on 978 terrestrial vascular plant species growing in tundra habitats. Most observations are on individuals (86%), while the remainder represent plot or site means or maximums per species. Software format: csv file and GitHub repository with data cleaning scripts in R; contribution to TRY plant trait database (www.try-db.org) to be included in the next version release.

Published
2018

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