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After the curriculum reforms from 2021 to 2023, public universities in Thailand have been adapting to integrate ICT and digital literacy into their teaching. This research explores the changes experienced by ICT teachers when integrating digital literacy with student teachers in English teacher education programs after the pandemic. During COVID-19, online learning was mandatory, necessitating significant adjustments. This study also investigates the challenges associated with these changes. The participants were six teachers from six public universities with firsthand experience with the revised curriculum from 2021 to 2023. Semi-structured interviews were used as the research instrument. The interview data were grouped into themes according to the degree of change and challenges encountered by the teachers. The findings showed four levels of changes due to the curriculum reforms: changing course names, descriptions, topics, and assessments. Along with these changes, the teachers faced several challenges: selecting appropriate ICT resources, insufficient digital literacy knowledge, the need for pedagogical adjustments, insufficient training and support, infrastructure limitations, and time constraints. The study suggests that universities should offer ongoing professional development to help teachers keep up with the changing digital literacy landscape. Additionally, institutional infrastructure and support need improvement. Teacher education programs should incorporate comprehensive training on using ICT in teaching, emphasizing practical applications. Future research should study the effectiveness of professional development models in enhancing teachers' ICT skills and their ability to integrate technology into their teaching. It should also identify the impact of collaborative teaching approaches on ICT integration in teacher education programs.

Professional teacher collaboration, a fundamental characteristic of lesson study, has been pointed out as a principle of teacher personal and professional growth. This article aims to describe and analyze the development of professional collaboration in a lesson study, highlighting the main stages of this process. The investigation involved six elementary school teachers of Brazilian public schools, in planning, observing, and reflecting on a lesson on the curriculum topic of length measure at grade 4. The participants worked collaboratively planning a lesson about this topic. The methodology is qualitative, with data collected by records and field notes of sessions, conversations, and interviews. The analyses pointed out three remarkable stages of the development of professional collaboration, which constituted the categories of analysis: recognition of collaboration, development of collaboration, and valuing collaboration. The results show that the professional collaboration that developed during the lesson study was facilitated by the dynamics of the different steps of this process and, especially, by the relationship between participants and teacher educators. Collaboration emerged from the activities of planning, teaching, observing, and reflecting on the lesson, and was valued given the encouragement and strengthening of the group insofar as teachers felt confident, encouraged, and welcomed in the group.

Informed by Huber's (2021) framework of critical ethnography from a social justice perspective, this study aimed to (a) figure out how language teachers struggle for equity embedded within their socio-cultural contexts of schooling; (b) examine the micro, meso, and macro-factors affecting their identities with the impact of dominating ideologies; (c) uncover how they position themselves in challenging such practices and constraints. This study employs an exploratory qualitative case study design and an inductive data analysis method to document the voices of two in-service and three pre-service English language teachers and two teacher educators as professionals in K-12 school settings in Türkiye. The study addressed how ideologies stemming from power, authority, and institutional structures shape their ongoing teacher identity formation. As a result, language educators referred to oppression stemming from imposed decisions, decontextualized in-service and pre-service teacher training practices, and limited space for decision-making. Bringing in a social justice orientation, this study documented language educators' ways of challenging the dominant ideologies and schooling practices. This research brought voices from various layers to provide a composite picture of the potential gap(s) between their practice contexts and initial and in-service teacher-training practices.

There is a consensus amongst scholars that learning from student feedback depends on how the feedback is sought and used by the individual teachers. Using Hand and Rowe's (2001) framework of eliciting and using student feedback, the purpose of this self-study was to investigate how I, as a novice teacher educator, can use dialogue with my students to learn about and how to foster student interaction in my biology classroom. I collected data through multiple sources including students' written feedback, my reflective journal, focus-group interviews with the students, and video recordings of my teaching. Data were analysed through a narrative approach. Findings indicate that the continuous dialogue with my students helped me learn about student interaction and fostering it in my classroom through a variety of ways. This study also illustrates that the teacher needs to establish trust with students from the onset such that the dialogue cannot only be of professional value to the teacher but also improve the students' learning. These insights are discussed, and recommendations are made in the article.

In light of the devastating effects of COVID-19 on early childhood care and education (ECCE), with this study we aimed at illuminating the self-efficacy and well-being of ECCE teacher educators, from the perspective of 9 participants in 7 higher education institutions (HEIs) across 5 South African provinces. The study, conducted by 2 ECCE teacher educators, was informed by the feminist ethics of care, combined with Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, to understand self-efficacy, and Seligman's PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishments) theory of well-being. Semi-structured, online interviews using Microsoft Teams was used to produce the data. The findings reveal aspects that compromised self-efficacy and well-being, as well as aspects that energised them. All the participants reported that their institutions were under-prepared for the pandemic. They recognised that they lacked work-life balance and were at risk of burnout. Despite this, their resilience enabled them to develop a deeper interest and stronger commitment to their work, largely because of the support they had received from their colleagues. From the findings of the study we recognise that strong self-efficacy sustained teacher educators' professional practice despite the pandemic affecting their well-being in a negative way. In the context of building forward better and differently, this study points to the importance of developing responsive well-being programmes for staff in higher education institutions and communities of practice that are responsive to the needs of female teacher educators.

Background: Teacher education programmes often prioritise theory over practical experience, leaving students struggling to connect classroom learning with real-world application. Addressing this gap, a proposed model integrates online coursework with mentored practicebased experiences through full-time placements in selected schools. Aim: The study delves into the experiences of first-year school-based student teachers (SBST) enrolled in a full-time undergraduate online programme aimed at bridging the theory-practice divide. Setting: First-year student teachers in the 2021 and 2022 cohorts (N = 30) placed full time in selected schools participated in the study. Methods: Using an interpretive qualitative research design, data were collected via focus group interviews with first-year student cohorts. Data was analysed using the cultural-historical activity theory combined with the constant comparative method. Results: Two primary findings emerged. Firstly, SBSTs faced difficulties balancing academic requirements between the school and the programme. Secondly, the varying degrees of support from stakeholders within both the programme and school environment influenced the quality and meaningfulness of SBSTs' learning experiences. Conclusion: The convergence of university and school activity systems revealed tensions and contradictions yet also presented opportunities for expanded learning when coursework and classroom practices aligned. Despite criticisms of universities being overly theoretical, the research indicates that SBSTs prioritise practical experience in school settings, potentially overshadowing the significance of theoretical knowledge. Contribution: This study contributes to knowledge of the challenges faced by student teachers and highlights the need to address these contradictions through open dialogue within teacher education programmes.

This paper explores the experiences of six teacher learners and one teacher educator in a graduate course on aesthetic education at a Midwestern university in the U.S. Using collective autoethnography and arts-practice research, the researcher/participants examine how aesthetic experiences were activated in the learning environment and how this activation supported the development of transformational rethinking that led to the changing of formed habits of teaching. Findings reveal how aesthetic teacher education can be therapeutic, aid in building connections between the teacher and students (and among students), inspire wonder and discovery, facilitate the valuing and including of cultural and linguistic backgrounds of students, compel new perspectives, and promote attunement to process.

In November 2022, ChatGPT, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) capable of generating human-like responses, was launched. ChatGPT has a variety of promising applications in education, such as using it as thought-partner in generating curricular resources. However, scholars also recognize that the use of ChatGPT raises concerns, such as outputs that are inaccurate, nonsensical, or vague. We, two mathematics teacher educators, engaged in a collaborative self-study using qualitative descriptive approaches to investigate the procedures, concepts, and cognitive demand of ChatGPT-generated mathematical tasks focused on fraction multiplication using the area model approach. We found that the ChatGPT-generated tasks were mostly procedural and not cognitively demanding. Moreover, despite ten variations of input prompts, ChatGPT did not produce any tasks that used the area model approach for fraction multiplication. Rather, it generated tasks focused on procedural approaches. Alarmingly, some tasks were conceptually and/or procedurally inaccurate and vague. We suggest that educators cannot fully rely on ChatGPT to generate cognitively demanding fraction multiplication tasks using the area model. We offer recommendations for educators' strategic use of ChatGPT to generate cognitively demanding mathematical tasks.

Educators of International Teaching Assistants (ITAs) have been overlooked, erroneously. As teacher educators, their work is exponentially important to North American universities. A multiple case study examined three ITA Educators' ideologies, involving data from two interviews -one being a stimulated recall using classroom observations fieldnotes, syllabi, assignments, and feedback left on students' work. Through qualitative content analysis, two incompatible ideologies were found being implemented in sections of one class: one orienting learners to undergraduate classrooms, and the other towards passing mandatory language testing. Cynicism was found to characterize two instructors' pedagogies. Findings highlight the ethical complexities of language teaching and assessment. ITA training programs must address foundational issues and examine how ITA Educators are supported. This novel study provides a baseline for future work on ITA Educators, and contributes to literature on language teachers' ideologies. Future work should elucidate how ITA Educators' identities and external ideologies impact ITAs' learning trajectories.

The COVID-19 outbreak posed a compelling challenge for teacher education programs regarding preparing pre-service teachers for online language teaching. In this study, nine Turkish EFL pre-service teachers were involved in a six-week online teaching project, which provided them with theoretical and practical training on online language teaching. They were engaged in lesson planning for one synchronous and two asynchronous lessons and taught these lessons to EFL students. This case study explored pre-service teachers' technological pedagogical content (TPACK) development via reflection reports, an online semi-structured interview, lesson plans, recordings of online lessons and posts on the asynchronous platform. The data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis. The findings demonstrated that participation in the online teaching project facilitated the participants' overall TPACK development. However, some pre-service teachers encountered challenges in effectively integrating technology with content and pedagogy. Specifically, lacking contextual knowledge hindered their ability to design and conduct online lessons successfully. The study underscores the importance of adopting a situated learning-by-doing approach to TPACK development, the value of pedagogical mentoring provided by teacher educators and field experience for pre-service teachers to gain competence across all subcomponents of TPACK.

The results of a reflective survey, used for program evaluation, demonstrate how EdD scholars used their learning about Improvement Science as an insightful lifeline and for practical guidance within their professional practice in an uncertain time. Scholars imparted valuable information to EdD faculty about the strains and challenges they were under. Faculty, in turn, enhanced their choice of content and approaches to teaching about how to manage actionable change and becoming a more reflective and resilient practitioner. In CPED-influenced programs such as ours, this exchange of learning is ongoing and natural, as scholars pitch up problems of practice in need of immediate progress and improvement--sharing insights into strategies (successful or failed)--with faculty. Program learning and enhancements, in light of our students' lived experience and learnings, are discussed. We conclude with guidance about tools and procedures to navigate turbulence in educational systems.

A growing interest in teacher identity and decision-making has emerged in language teaching; however, studies where English language teaching (ELT) educators reflect on their own practice are limited. We engaged in a self-study to understand how our experiences influenced our ELT educator identity at a public university in Colombia. A constructivist paradigm enabled us to focus on intra and interpersonal reflection as we created artifacts and met to discuss our teaching experiences. Using collaborative analysis, we developed our main themes represented by a red poppy. Based on the findings, our teaching identity is shaped by our families and teachers (roots), teaching misconceptions (leaves), new teaching experiences (new blossoms), other identities (petals), world views about education (cotton soul), and social justice agenda (seeds of change).

The digital pivot of 2020-21, which moved teacher education online, created a catalyst for teacher educators to develop their digital literacies. This paper reports on a Collaborative Inquiry which sought to examine the factors which influenced teacher educators' digital skills during this time. Additionally, this paper aims to address the need for research on digital technology in teacher education, as previous studies have reported that some student-teachers feel ill prepared to engage with digital technology in their practice. In seeking to examine the factors which influence the development of teacher educators' engagement with digital technology, this research adds to knowledge and understanding in this area, informing professional learning provision for teacher educators with digital technologies. The Technology Pedagogy and Content Knowledge (TPACK) model was used to examine the ways in which teacher educators were influenced in their practice and what impact this had on their experience. Analysis highlighted how the positioning of teacher educators within the framework influenced their experience of teaching online. The lived experiences of teacher educators when using technology for teaching online moved beyond their understanding of content, pedagogy, and technology, and highlighted the importance of context. Relationships, wellbeing, and emotional factors influenced engagement with digital technology as it mediated social practices. The findings add to knowledge and understanding of teacher educators' engagement with digital technology and have implications for professional development.

Using a product-based teacher professional development workshop in the Just Do Math program as a case, this study investigated the discourse between teachers and teacher educators from three perspectives, namely focus, form, and flow, to see how the two cohorts communicated in the co-construction, whether the co-construction is feasible to produce innovative teaching materials, and what the feasible dialogical modes are for this co-construction. The participants included four experienced university-based mathematics teacher educators and 38 mathematics teachers. The discourse from the eight 3-hour sessions of the workshop was collected. The findings included that both teachers and teacher educators focused more on students' development of concepts than on learning motivation, even if learning motivation was one main problem to be solved. Feasible dialogical modes for co-construction in teacher professional development workshops in the context of East Asian educational cultures were revealed, which could be described as teacher educator-centred but teacher-focused.

Instructional materials that integrate students' cultures make teaching and learning relevant to students. However, there is a lack of culture-based and research-based teaching resources in mathematics that are deemed pertinent to Kalinga's full-modular learning and cognizant of the framework for Philippine mathematics teacher education's principle on realistic mathematics. As such, this study aims to recontextualize the Kalinga tribe's "batek" and "laga" into an Ethnomathematical Teaching Resource (ETR) through the Second Generation of Didactical Engineering (SGDE). Nine elementary teachers and two teacher-trainers participated in the preliminary phase, which was arranged into an ethnomathematical study, first teacher interview, and pretest. These were the basis of the design and a priori assumptions organized into Teaching Strategies (TS), Mathematical Content Knowledge (MCK), and appropriateness test. Subsequently, the realization phase tested the assumptions by administering the ETR, second interview, Communication Index (CI), and post-test. As a result, the a posteriori analysis and validation showed that teacher participants' exposure to the ETR provided potential TS, improved their MCK, and made appropriate to their level. Consequently, the recontextualization process of the cultures described in the study strengthens the awareness and responsibility of the Kalinga teachers to their cultural community. This also contributes to the preservation of the practices.

This paper outlines how four community colleges, and a large public university, collaborated to support over 80 paraprofessionals who sought to finish their bachelor's degree and earn licensure. Funding from a statewide "Grow Your Own" initiative allowed the teacher educators at the community colleges and university to put in place structures to support non-traditional students, and each other, during the first year of this program. Lessons learned and next steps are highlighted.

Due to the mounting pressure to publish international publications, faculty members around the globe must take the initiative to upgrade their writing capacity through various methods, including participation in workshops and training, obtaining professional support, and joining learning communities. This paper focuses on our experience, three female teacher educators, of becoming scholarly writers for international readership through PROSINAR, an Indonesia-based professional learning community (PLC). We present the PLC scheme for establishing a platform for faculty members to (re)construct and develop their professional identities. Based on findings from a phenomenological case study framed by Freire's (1993) notion of dialogic encounters, we evaluate our professional identities as English teacher-educators while simultaneously constructing our identities as scholarly writers within our discourse community. We believe that in addition to being a platform for continuing professional development in the context of education, PLC has established itself as an emergent learning platform to improve faculties' research competence and develop their scholarly writing capacity.

Introduction: Different international guidelines indicate the need for improving educational procedures. This study aims to contribute to the professional development training program of higher education professors from a Physical Education Teacher Education degree in México. Methodology: This qualitative study used a participatory action research design through four cycles: (a) diagnosis; (b) elaboration of the action plan; (c) implementation and evaluation; and (d) feedback. The participants were the professor, six experts, and 17 students. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with students and the professor, the analysis of the class syllabus, and nonparticipatory observations. Findings: The importance of carrying out a diagnostic cycle allowed us to identify the specific needs of the class. Similarly, the model of development and evaluation of academic competencies (M-DECA) allowed the professor to develop specific pedagogical and disciplinary competencies from the training program. Conclusion: A continuous professional development training program for university professors in pedagogical and disciplinary strategies generates better learning results. The inclusion of innovative content in the class syllabus was also crucial.

Model-eliciting activities (MEAs) challenge students to interpret a problem and collaboratively create solutions using the engineering design process. This Innovation to Practice article describes how science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teacher educators can use MEAs to build elementary teachers' understanding of computational thinking (CT). Our Countdown Timer MEA is aligned with Grade 2 mathematics and computer science standards. We discuss how this MEA created opportunities for teachers in an online graduate STEM education course to engage as learners in unplugged and plugged CT activities. Teachers used algorithmic design and debugging to model a digital display and to create block-based code for a recess countdown timer. Teachers' reflections on how their learning experiences were different than those offered in step-by-step CT lessons allowed teachers to envision how MEAs can promote important CT dispositions of persistence in open-ended problem solving and tolerance for ambiguity. By aligning MEA design and facilitation with the phases of the engineering design process, teacher educators can use modeling to engage elementary teachers in facets of CT that are transferable to the elementary STEM classroom.

Several observation protocols in different theoretical frameworks and components have been designed and validated by teacher trainers and professional development providers to capture and categorize observational data on the characteristics and level of inquiry in science practices. However, certain constraints limit their wide use, such as the neglect of certain indicators of scientific inquiry, the scoring of just summative goals, or the necessity for extensive observer training. The present study, therefore, aims to propose a tool that assists professional development providers and mentors in diagnosing the closeness of practices to scientific inquiry in the context of various settings, from traditional didactic lectures to scientific inquiry, making it easily operational for self and peer evaluations as well as 360-degree video feedback. The method concentrated on multiple observations provides supportive evidence about the tool's internal consistency coefficient, the relationship between its components, and the inter-rater reliability coefficient between multiple scorers. The results highlight that the tool, which includes the components of course structure, course overview, and teacher-student communication, has the potential to contribute to the growing library of observation protocols.

This paper reports on the design of a multimodal metalanguage developed by teacher education researchers to support pre-service teachers' understandings of critical literacy and critical health literacies in a changing communication landscape. The design of metalanguage constitutes the first stage of an ongoing transdisciplinary project, Multiliteracies Across Teaching Areas (MATA), which aims to design and implement cohesive disciplinary multiliteracies pedagogies across teaching areas of an initial teacher education (ITE) programme. The focus on metalanguage design is motivated by concerns shared by critical literacy scholars and scholars in health literacy to balance deconstruction of texts with actionable response through the 'deep moral grammar of narrative' Kindenberg and Freebody ("Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 44"(2), 90-99, 2021). Such concerns also align with recent World Health Organisation calls for the use of solution-oriented literacies to empower communities. These sociocultural understandings of critical literacy and Kindenberg and Freebody's ("Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 44"(2), 90-99, 2021) call to balance 'the analytical' and the narrative' in critical literacy practice provide the starting point for designing metalanguage for transdisciplinary research in Health and Physical Education (HPE) and English. We firstly review relevant models of the critical informing both subject areas to establish synergous understandings and then analyse expectations of critical practice in descriptions and elaborations of the HPE and English curricula. We provide an overview of the semiotic resources available for transdisciplinary conversations within the English curriculum with clarifying 'bridging' terminology informed by social semiotic descriptions. Through close analysis of four representative texts selected for critical literacy practice by English and HPE teacher educators in the MATA project, we demonstrate how such metalanguage was shared to build understandings of both critical analysis and actionable response. Along with analytical features to build and analyse issues according to disciplinary criteria, we show how stories are used to build rapport with their diverse audiences and to motivate their peers to take positive health action.

This report presents results from a survey of 64 elementary mathematics and reading language arts teacher educators providing feedback on a new type of short performance task. The performance tasks each present a brief teaching scenario and then require a short performance as if teaching actual students. Teacher educators participating in the study first reviewed six performance tasks, followed by a more in-depth review of two of the tasks. After reviewing the tasks, teacher educators completed an online survey providing input on the value of the tasks and on potential uses to support teacher preparation. The survey responses were positive with the majority of teacher educators supporting a variety of different uses of the performance tasks to support teacher preparation. The report concludes by proposing a larger theory for how the performance tasks can be used as both formative assessment tools to support teacher learning and summative assessments to guide decisions about candidates' readiness for the classroom.

Initial Teacher Education remains the focus of policy reform and research in Australia with the broad aim of improving the quality of pre-service teacher education. There remains dispute about limited evidence justifying ongoing reforms, particularly in relation to gaps in understanding how providers and schools work collaboratively in the joint activity of ITE. This paper argues for the potential of Change Laboratory (CL) methodology in contemporary educational research. The research examined the implementation of CL methodology in an Australian ITE program. Participants included 13 school-based and university-based educators. Participants were required to co-design a unit of work for an ITE course. Drawing on Cultural Historical Activity Theory (Engeström, 2001), this research investigated how a university and school worked across organisational boundaries. Findings identify an alignment of theory and practice, where the CL methodology enables participants to work in new ways supporting a collaborative approach in the preparation of teachers for the workforce.

The paper presents research from a Danish large-scale and collaborative initiative for systematically developing teacher education 'Teacher education as a laboratory for developing excellent teaching and education' (LULAB). Framed by this initiative, local teacher educators and student teachers are, in collaboration with teachers and students from partner-schools, experimenting with developing, analyzing, and sharing teaching approaches in teacher education. Hence, LULAB is an institutional strategic top-down initiative aimed to support the development of professional skills among student teachers and teacher educators, with supportive leadership for bottom-up changes from the microlevel projects. Inspired by design-based research, the findings are used iteratively to inform the organization of LULAB. Data are collected following a sequential mixed methods strategy, with questionnaires and multiple qualitative data. Findings from the first year of the LULAB initiative indicate a growing awareness among teacher educators about the co-developing role of student teachers being something distinctive for LULAB. Both teacher educators and student teachers emphasize their perceived professional outcomes. The student teachers refer in particular to insights from being invited into the machine room of teacher education and inspiration for their future work as teachers. However, there are also challenges involved in developing a culture of inquiry, and possibilities for support from the leadership looking forward are discussed.

The current study sought to characterize three partnership models in Israeli academic institutions--the traditional, the academia-classroom, and the clinical field-focused models. 42 interviews were conducted with educators (teacher educators; mentor teachers; program heads) at 14 Israeli colleges and universities where the programs take place. Differences between the models were found in relation to the role definition of the mentor teacher, the relationship between the pre-service teacher and the mentor teacher, the contribution of the practicum to the pre-service teacher, and the connection between theoretical and practical knowledge. Furthermore, the contribution of each of the three models is reflected in the scope of the experiential-clinical component of the practicum; school-academia partnerships; and the role of the principal of the training school. The study highlights the value-added meanings and contributions of the experiential-clinical component in teacher education programs in general and in the practicum in particular.

The study aims to explore the extent of satisfaction of 76 teacher educators (TEs) and 553 student teachers (STs) with new blended learning (BL) curricular-structural change titled "1 of 4." Quantitative analysis revealed that both the TEs and the STs had a positive opinion regarding this structural change and recommended adopting it for future learning. However, significant differences between the TEs and STs were related to the cons: creating overwork and harming sequential learning. TEs' and STs' recommendations for improvement revealed that the TEs and STs mainly expressed traditional dispositions regarding their roles and their expectations from the new BL timetable. The main conclusion posits that structural change is crucial, but it may only act as the first step in redesigning teacher preparation for the post-COVID-19 era.

This paper describes and analyzes three cases to show the impact that curiosity-driven (CD) discourse based on self-video can have on the professional awareness and noticing skills of mathematics teachers and instructors of mathematics teachers. The findings indicate that CD discourse raises awareness of heretofore unnoticed events in the lesson, and improves the mathematical and pedagogical knowledge, teaching skills, and efficacy of teachers and instructors. This study combines pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of teachers with Mason's "levels of awareness" model in studying, from an epistemological point of view, the contribution that CD discourse makes to growth of professional awareness in mathematics teachers and instructors. Thus, this study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of the growth of mathematics teachers as teachers and as teacher instructors, in their professional awareness, noticing skills, and attention shifting.

When it comes to content courses for prospective secondary teachers, mathematics faculty's intentions conflict with teachers' experiences: while faculty aim to influence teachers' future teaching, many teachers find these courses irrelevant to teaching. In this study, we investigate mathematics faculty's goals for content courses for prospective secondary teachers and how these goals connect to their vision of secondary teaching. This study makes two contributions. First, drawing on data from an interview study (n = 5) of faculty who have taught secondary teachers, we articulate these mathematicians' rationales with respect to teaching secondary teachers, particularly in capstone courses. Second, we contribute a conceptual framework that supports inferences about connections between content course activities and instructors' beliefs about secondary teaching. We conclude by suggesting that the dual triad that depicts our framework may support professional development and programmatic design.

This study investigates what mathematicians, who teach academic mathematics courses to secondary school mathematics teachers, want to teach them about the discipline of mathematics. Data sources included interviews with five research mathematicians. The data analysis revealed that expanding teachers' knowledge about the discipline of mathematics was one of the interviewees' main objectives. The mathematicians referred to nine characteristics that can be grouped into three key aspects: (1) essence of mathematics, (2) doing mathematics, and (3) worth of mathematics. The characteristics of the discipline of mathematics generated in our study are in line with ideas and practices widely advocated in the last decades for the teaching and learning of mathematics, and with contemporary philosophical approaches regarding mathematics. The potential of the characteristics to serve as a conceptual framework in studies that focus on teacher knowledge about the discipline of mathematics is discussed.

This research article presents a study on teacher-educator interactional identities in English language education. The study extends conversation analysis by doing co-analysis and member-checking with three participating teacher-educators to analyze the enactment of their interactional identities in language-based and content-based classes in three different undergraduate programs in English language education. Findings discuss the presence of multiple interactional identities composed of varied forms of being and doing as interactants in the occurring organizations of classroom interaction. These findings highlight the relevance of studying teacher-educator interactional identities to explain how English language education occurs during classroom interaction.

Teacher educators play a crucial part in preparing student teachers for teaching in diversity. Because of their modelling role, they automatically convey messages about approaching diversity via their practices. In this study, we look into these--often hidden--messages of teacher educators to uncover the discourses that inform and are being reproduced by how they talk about (approaching) diversity. We critically analyse how such discourses relate to reducing inequalities in education. Critical discourse analysis was conducted on interview data (n = 14) about teacher educators' perceptions about diversity and practices to approach diversity. The findings suggest two main discourses. First, a power-challenging discourse compels all teacher educators to take responsibility to reduce inequalities. Secondly, a power-affirming discourse tempers their beliefs about their agency and responsibility regarding the matter. This latter discourse is mainly manifested via statements that perpetuate existing exclusionary mechanisms. Most teacher educators seem to combine both discourses. We argue that the simultaneous use of both creates paradoxical narratives which are unproductive to foster responsiveness to diversity for teacher educators and their student teachers. This study adds to the literature on a theoretical and practical level. Raising teacher educators' awareness of their messages could prove powerful in combating inequalities in education.

I describe a unit on antiracist mathematics teaching I developed and implemented in an elementary mathematics methods course. It may serve as an example to other mathematics teacher educators on how to incorporate antiracist mathematics teaching in their courses. I report on the unit's components, its impact on the preservice teachers in my course, my reflections about the unit (including possible modifications), and implications for other mathematics teacher educators.

Many countries struggle to effectively introduce Digital Education (DE) to all K-12 students as they lack adequately trained teachers. While cascade models of in-service teacher-professional development (PD) can rapidly deploy PD-programs through multiple levels of trainers to reach all teachers, they suffer from many limitations and are often ineffective. We therefore propose an adapted cascade model to deploy a primary school DE teacher-PD program throughout an administrative region. The model relies on teacher-trainers who (i) are active teachers in the region, (ii) have a prolonged trainer-PD with experts who piloted the teacher-PD program to acquire adult-trainer and DE-related competences, and (iii) are supported by the experts throughout the deployment. To validate the deployment model we used data from 14 teacher-trainers, the 700 teachers they trained, and 350 teachers trained by experts. The teacher-trainer findings demonstrate that the adapted cascade model effectively addresses most cascade models' limitations. The teacher-related findings further validate the adapted cascade model in terms of perception, motivation and adoption which are at least equivalent to those obtained with the experts. To conclude, the adapted cascade model is an effective means of spreading primary school DE PD-programs at a large scale and can be used in other DE reforms.

Prospective teachers bring countless stories of success and failure from different mathematics classrooms to their post-field teacher education courses. These reflective stories often glorify school mathematics classrooms and dominant traditions within, instead of confronting the marginalization of diverse groups in school environments. Mathematics teacher educators have a significant role to play in teaching prospective teachers to reflect critically on their field experiences and, in doing so, create spaces for "disruption" and "disruptive pedagogies." Drawing on critical and equity-based theories applied within the fields of mathematics education and teacher education research, we propose a "disruptive pedagogy" analytical framework that enables us to study the roles and practices of mathematics teacher educators as they conduct their work in these post-field contexts of teacher education. In this paper, we introduce our disruptive pedagogy framework and present the results that followed from using it to analyze data from a research study in which mathematics teacher educators from across Canada and Norway were interviewed. We claim that our analytical framework can be used to identify those disruptive and transformative practices initiated by mathematics teacher educators--practices that are necessary to bring about shifts in inequitable and unjust classroom practices of school mathematics and in becoming a teacher. Unfortunately, however, results reported here point to the need for further shifts and growth toward more explicitly disruptive practices initiated by mathematics teacher educators in the post-field context.

Reading for Pleasure (RfP) acknowledges the importance of reader engagement and the role of the teacher as a reader of children's literature. The foundational work of the Teachers as Readers (TARs) programme successfully illustrated the impact of RfP activities on student learning. Previous studies of teachers' reader identities have shown a strong need for professional learning to boost teachers' confidence with children's literature. However, less emphasis has been placed on the adoption of RfP pedagogy within initial teacher education (ITE) to develop pre-service teachers' (PST) knowledge of children's literature, as well as their understanding of teachers as reading role models for future students. This paper analyses data from research into RfP undertaken in two ITE programmes for primary teachers informed by contrasting policies in Scotland and Australia. Though both countries aim to improve school student literacy success, the curriculum mandates differ, shaping the potential pathways available in ITE courses. It is within this context that we report on 3 years of data on PST reader knowledge collected from 300 students using survey tools adopted from the original TARs study. Emerging findings provide evidence that teacher educators need to act as circuit breakers to alter PST attitudes to reading.

Adapting teacher education programs to societal changes is a current issue, especially when viewed through the European frameworks driving transformative reforms. The paper reports how European frameworks and other initiatives in higher education and teacher education aim to support the transformation of teacher education programmes. Multiple European-level interventions have engendered shifts in the conceptual understanding and orientation of initial teacher education programmes across numerous contexts within Europe. The purpose of this paper was to examine the shift of teacher education programmes into competence-based in Kosovo, the youngest country in Europe, in the context of European frameworks as an impetus for transition. This qualitative research is a part of a broader study that involves analysing study programmes, conducting interviews with teacher educators and management staff, and holding focus groups with student-teachers. The goal is to explore the path of contextualizing European-inspired programme reforms in more detail. The findings show that Kosovo is shifting to a competence-based approach to align with EU integration, incorporating European principles for programme improvement. However, the study reveals a notable focus on maintaining programmes' tradition. This leads to tensions and contradictions regarding programme tradition, EU integration goals, and actual implementation.The results provide valuable insights into the significance of educational context and the tacit knowledge of teacher educators and other stakeholders during programme reforms within the context of European initiatives.

Faculty evaluations play a key role in improving teaching quality in higher education institutions. However, the development of evaluation programs worldwide has paid little attention to the impact of faculty evaluations on teacher educators' professional development. This qualitative case study examined the influence of faculty evaluations on individual professional development at teacher education institutions in Cambodia. The results indicated that performance evaluations developed by management teams were beneficial for identifying strengths and improving professional and instructional practices. In addition, the performance evaluation results were used for self-improvement and self-regulation in continuous professional development plans and shared with supervisors and colleagues. Moreover, although teacher educators appreciated performance evaluation and reported that they led to their professional development and cultivated a sense of responsibility in the workplace, their process remained limited. Recommendations for performance evaluations to improve professional development are provided.

This study aimed to prepare, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a professional development program that develops Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) of teacher educators. Qualitative research methods were used. The research was carried out with 10 teacher educators from different departments. Pre- and post-interviews were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The program was found to have positive effects. Teacher educators stated that while transferring the knowledge they gained to the classroom environment, the methods they used could affect the education positively and attract the attention of students. Therefore, they planned to use the knowledge they acquired later on. They realized that with the knowledge they gained through this program, they would be a role model for the teachers of the future. At the end of the program, each participant's TPACK development was in line with their own cognitive readiness.

In Pakistan, it is aimed at both national and international levels to promote and develop critical thinking among students and teachers at all educational levels (sustainable development goals, VISION 2025, national standards for teachers, national educational policies, etc.). However, little research has investigated teachers' critical thinking knowledge. The present study explored critical thinking knowledge of teacher educators from teacher training institutes. The teacher training institutes of the most populous and developed province of Pakistan were taken as the sample of the study. Exploratory survey method was used for data collection. The study found that the majority of teacher educators lack critical thinking knowledge. Teaching experience, qualification, job status, and training attended on critical thinking are significant predictors of critical thinking knowledge. The critical thinking knowledge of prospective teachers and their students is at risk.

This study examines the commitments of an alternative teacher education program in linking theory and practice, one of the most prominent problems of the field. This qualitative phenomenological study drew from semi-structured interviews with seven faculty members and associate instructors, electronic surveys with seven program students, participant observation and field notes in seminar sessions, one program faculty meeting, and one community meeting, and curriculum materials. The findings suggest that the design of the program and the roles and (inter)actions of the stakeholders within the program created a dialectical interplay. Linked with this interplay, Teachers' Society provided a setting for collaborative learning during which theory is extracted from experience.

While the meaning of democracy remains multi-faceted centuries after the concept was first conceived of and subsequently formulated, democratic principles have spread to the extent of bringing about democratisation in all fields of education. Thus, with this study we sought to examine the popular conception of democracy in mathematics-education programmes at South African universities. A qualitative research approach and a case study research design were used in this study. Six mathematics teacher educators and 75 second- to fourth-year mathematics education student teachers from 3 different universities constitute the sample for the study. The findings from the study revealed that participants had a contested notion of democracy, since the majority understood it as involving deliberative participation, a shared decision-making process, as well as freedom of expression. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that participants were aware of what democracy should look like and were willing to live according to democratic tenets. This understanding was, however, greatly influenced by their experiences and way of life in a democratic South Africa.

Higher education instructors tried to find best teaching ways during the pandemic. Instructors who were faced with emergency situations used various technologies to deliver their courses. In this study, an online survey was used to ask instructors about their experiences regarding their development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) during emergency remote teaching (ERT); 231 responses were received from instructors from faculties of education. The survey was a five-point Likert-type scale include the dimensions of pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, technological knowledge, technological content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, and technological pedagogical content knowledge. Instructors rated their own non-technological knowledge (pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, and pedagogical content knowledge) relatively higher than their knowledge including technology (technological knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, and technological content knowledge). The findings indicate that instructors had a consistently high level of perceived knowledge in all TPACK dimensions. Regarding developments in instructors' TPACK, several suggestions were made, including novel technologies and pedagogies specialized for ERT.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in March 2020, distance learning has gained more attention from national and international education policies. This timely paper aimed to review the literature about digital competencies that K-12 and pre-service teachers require in order to succeed in supporting online learners during and post COVID-19. A critical question in this review pertained to how contemporary teacher education programs and teacher professional development can respond to the evolving needs of online learners. The findings showed that currently practicing K-12 teachers need more support around the technical, pedagogical, and content development associated with distance learning. In contrast, teacher education programs are urged to ensure that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) knowledge is well integrated into their curricular courses. Further, teacher educators must have the necessary ICT skills and experience to prepare competent K-12 teachers for distance learning. Conclusion and recommendations for teacher education policy and practice for distance learning are offered.

edTPA is a widely used teacher performance assessment. However, studies have raised concerns with its use. We conducted a study of candidates' and faculty members' perceptions of edTPA on their learning and performance. Analysis of responses revealed six themes: confusion about the meaning of "ready to teach"; interference with relationship building; narrowed responsive teaching practices; concern for placements' impact on assessments; mistrust of evaluators' understanding of their contexts; and increased barriers for marginalized candidates. Findings suggest that edTPA can be interpreted as perpetrating forms of "epistemic injustice" and "slow violence" that impede diversity in the profession. To realize the promise of a more diverse teacher workforce--equity for all students and justice for marginalized communities--teacher educators and policymakers must ensure that the ways in which they prepare and evaluate teachers are increasingly more relational, diverse, equitable, and just.

The terms diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice have become ubiquitous in schools, institutions, and professional organizations. Yet the extent to which the ideals behind these words are realities in today's world language classrooms is less clear. Are our world language classrooms equitable and accessible to diverse learners, particularly given the new social, emotional, and academic needs of students in our post-pandemic society? In this article, we seek to engage leaders and educators, both within and beyond NECTFL, to think critically about policies and practices in their schools, districts, communities, and states. Using two composite vignettes, broad understandings from recent literature, and findings from a recent study that examined the perspectives of world language educators, we describe and interpret key issues that currently impact world language programs, teachers, classes, and students. These issues include a lack of access to world language study related to students' race, socioeconomic status, and disability; world language teacher shortages; and a need for a more culturally relevant, engaging world language curriculum. The article concludes with recommendations to actualize language educators' support for diversity, equity, and inclusion specific to world language education contexts.