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Much of the literature on performance‐related pay (PRP) and poor health relies on self‐reported data, and the relationship is difficult to examine due to confounding variables. We examine the relationship between PRP and three groups of health measures using data from the UKHLS: blood pressure, inflammation markers in blood, and self‐reported health. Regressions correcting for self‐selection bias and socio‐demographic covariates find that PRP contracts are associated with poorer mental health, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher levels of fibrinogen. These findings suggest that firms that use PRP may need to implement policies to mitigate against PRP‐related stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows that unfavorable economic conditions at graduation decrease the likelihood of a good job-worker match over a worker's subsequent career. Mismatch is quantified in terms of overeducation by both industry and occupation. The German Socio-Economic Panel and region-level unemployment rates from 1994 to 2012 are used. Instrumental variables estimates account for endogenous graduation timing. A single percentage point increase in regional unemployment causes an increase in the probability of overeducation of 1.6-1.7 percentage points for university graduates. Effects for technical tertiary education and apprenticeship graduates are smaller. Labor market entry conditions affect workers for up to 9 years after graduation. (JEL J23,322, E32,123), I. INTRODUCTION Research has identified the importance that initial career conditions, such as graduation during recessions, have on workers' long-term earning capability (Kahn 2010; Oreopoulos, von Wachter, and Heisz 2012). [...]

The global trend of fisheries overexploitation and collapse has resulted in the need to reduce fishing effort, and providing alternative employment for fishermen is a frequently mentioned policy option in order to achieve this goal. Reducing fishing effort is central to the European Commission Common Fisheries Policy and over the years, the Commission has developed a number of socio-economic measures to encourage labour mobility among fishermen, and as such mitigate the impact caused by the structural adjustment. Considering this aim, this paper seeks to identify European fishermen's willingness for occupational and geographical mobility and the characteristics that influence this willingness. A survey was conducted with the participants in the inshore commercial fisheries of the Highlands of Scotland (UK), the Algarve (Portugal) and the South Evoikos Gulf (Greece), and logit models fitted to identify the characteristics that influence willingness for labour mobility. The paper argues that there are differences in attitudes towards labour mobility among fishermen from the different countries and that personal preferences, demographic characteristics, job-related and financial reasons influence the willingness for both occupational and geographical mobility. The paper concludes by pointing out the importance of taking local conditions and the heterogeneity that characterizes fishermen's behaviour into account, in order to achieve successful policy measures aimed at providing alternative occupations for fishermen. (Contains 1 figure and 6 tables.)

This article explores the extent to which the potential impact of the national minimum wage might differ in rural areas. Using pre-1999 data from the British Household Panel Survey, a number of dimensions of the policy's potential impact in rural areas are considered, in particular, the number of workers affected, their typical characteristics, and the effects on pay inequality and household income distribution. The results show that for the majority of rural areas that are accessible to urban labour markets, the impact is likely to be broadly similar. In contrast, the potential impacts, and particularly the distributional effects, of the national minimum wage are found to be greatest in remoter rural areas. Rural Minimum wage Inequality Labour markets

This paper utilizes Productivity and Investment Climate Survey (PICS) 2007 data to explore native and immigrant wage differentials in Malaysia. An Oaxaca decomposition analysis was conducted by adapting Oaxaca and Ransom (1994) and Fortin's (2008) approach using quantile regression to identify the non-discriminatory wage structure and the components of the wage differentials along the income distribution. The findings of the study suggest that most of the native-immigrant wage gap can be explained by differences in endowments. This study also shows discrimination contributes to the wage gap by increasing the native wage by 15.4% above the non-discriminatory wage structure and reducing the immigrant wage by 13.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last three decades, a notable increase in economic inequality is observed, accompanied by a decline in people's engagement in politics and electoral participation. This is an unsatisfactory phenomenon as it undermines the legitimacy of democratic representation. This negative association is produced by a complex salient mechanism. This study aims at investigating this issue. Using data from a panel of 28 OECD and European countries, this paper identifies a two‐way causal relationship between inequality and political participation. The results show that greater income inequality alienates and discourages people from engaging with common affairs, thus leading to lower political participation. Yet, lower electoral participation leads towards a less equitable distribution of income. Hence, this study reveals a self‐reinforcing mechanism where the unequal distribution of income leads to political exclusion, which in turn leads to more inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis of low-paying job situations, and subsequent attrition rate, is presented with reference to urban and rural workforce in United Kingdom.