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[Display omitted] • UIO-66-NH 2 /Ti 3 C 2 Tx was synthesized in one step, and UIO-66-NH 2 was used as a tannic acid inhibitor in nanocontainer. • TU-T material has high dispersion in epoxy resin, while giving epoxy coating long-term corrosion resistance and self-healing function. • The TU-T has an intelligent pH response to give the coating a slow release function. In this study, we developed a composite material comprising UIO-66-NH 2 encapsulated tannic acid (TA) loaded on Ti 3 C 2 Tx to improve the corrosion resistance of water borne epoxy (WEP) coatings. The successful synthesis of the material was determined by FT-IR, XRD, XPS, EDS, TGA, SEM and TEM characterization. Furthermore, ultraviolet (UV)tests were conducted to evaluate the release rate of TA at varying pH levels, revealing a release rate of approximately 95 % at pH 2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results over 60 d indicated that the R c value of TU-T/WEP remained unchanged at 3.934 × 108, demonstrating a two-order magnitude increase compared to those of pure epoxy coatings, attributed to the synergistic active and passive protection of TU-T materials. The self-healing ability of the TU-T/WEP coating was validated through manual scratch experiments. Additionally, the EIS test showed that the R c value of TU-T/WEP coating increased to 3.5 × 105 after 72 h, representing a two-order magnitude increase over that of the WEP coating alone. This study introduces a novel approach using green tannic acid as a corrosion inhibitor and amino-functionalized Ti 3 C 2 Tx with UIO-66-NH 2 to enhance corrosion resistance and self-healing aproperties of coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The intriguing characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures stem from their unique interfaces, which can improve ion storage capability and rate performance. However, there are still challenges in increasing the proportion of heterogeneous interfaces in materials and understanding the complex interaction mechanisms at these interfaces. Here, we have successfully synthesized confined CoSe 2 within the interlayer space of Ti 3 C 2 T x through a simple solvothermal method, resulting in the formation of a superlattice-like heterostructures of CoSe 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x. Both density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results show that compared with CoSe 2 and Ti 3 C 2 T x , CoSe 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x can significantly improve adsorption of Na+ ions, while maintaining low volume expansion and high Na+ ions migration rate. The heterostructure formed by MXene and CoSe 2 is a Schottky heterostructure, and its interfacial charge transfer induces a built-in electric field that promotes rapid ion transport. When CoSe 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x was used as an anode material, it exhibits a high specific capacity of up to 600.1 mAh/g and an excellent rate performance of 206.3 mAh/g at 20 A/g. By utilizing CoSe 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x as the anode and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode, the sodium-ion capacitor of CoSe 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x //AC exhibits excellent energy and power density (125.0 Wh kg−1 and 22.5 kW kg−1 at 300.0 W kg−1 and 37.5 Wh kg−1, respectively), as well as a long service life (86.3 % capacity retention over 15,300 cycles at 5 A/g), demonstrating its potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Photocatalysis has emerged as a extremely promising green technology for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater. This study focuses on the fabrication of Ti 3 C 2 T x /Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S composites with Schottky junctions through the in-situ growth of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S on Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets, enabling efficient photoreduction of U(VI) without the requirement of sacrificial agents. The results demonstrate that the Ti 3 C 2 T x /Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S composites achieve remarkable 99.48 % U(VI) reduction efficiency within 60 min in a 100 ppm uranium solution. Furthermore, the removal rate remains above 90 % after five cycles. The formation of Schottky heterojunctions by Ti 3 C 2 T x and Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S leads to the generation of an internal electric field that significantly promotes the rapid separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic reduction efficiency of Ti 3 C 2 T x /Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S-3:100 (TC/CZS-3:100). A considerable amount of electrons accumulate on Ti 3 C 2 T x via the Schottky barrier, effectively facilitating the reduction of U(VI) to U(IV). As a co-catalyst, Ti 3 C 2 T x enhances the photocatalytic performance and stability of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 S. Moreover, the practical application in the waste liquid of rare earth tailings reveals that the removal rate can be as high as 91.24 %. This research is of significant value in the development of effective photocatalysts for the elimination of uranium from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many applications are suggested for Ti‐MXene motivating strong interest in studies of Ti3C2Tx synthesis by solution‐based methods. However, so far only ex situ studies of the synthesis are performed, mostly due to the difficulty of handling HF‐based solutions. Here the first time‐resolved in situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray Diffraction study of MXene synthesis performed using a plastic capillary‐size reaction cell directly in HF solution is reported. This study provides the first report on the structure of "pristine MXene" formed by Ti3AlC2 etching with LiF+HCl. The term "pristine" refers to the MXene structure found directly in HF solution. By comparing the interlayer distances of pristine MXene (≈13.5 Å), solvent‐free Li‐intercalated MXene (≈12.2 Å), and Li‐free MXene (≈10.7 Å), it can be concluded that the width of "slit pores" formed by terminated MX layers during the Al etching does not exceed ≈3 Å. The width of these slit pores is a key factor for HF etching of Al within the interlayers. This space constraint explains the slow kinetics of MXene formation in HF‐based synthesis methods. No intermediate phases are observed, suggesting that the crystalline MXene phase is formed by the simultaneous etching of Al and termination of Ti3C2 layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly conductive Ti3C2Tx pseudo‐capacitors hold promise to expand energy density by utilizing ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes (e.g., 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide, EMITFSI) that possesses broaden voltage window, resulting in various applications involving hybrid vehicle, rail transportation, and power system. However, abundantly random surface ‒OH terminations cannot maintain an extremely stabilized Ti3C2Tx layer spacing framework for efficient ion arrangements, increase ionic diffusion barriers, and decline in energy density. Herein, intensely chemical covalent bonding interactions of ‒SH, ‒COOH, and ‒NH2 terminated L‐cysteine molecules with ‒OH terminations are proposed to stabilize Ti3C2Tx and expand interlayer structure, allowing sufficient ionic transport and realizing high energy‐density Ti3C2Tx pseudo‐capacitors. It is found that, with cysteine molecules stayed flat to Ti3C2Tx layer, superior hydrophilic surface, and increased interlayer spacing to 1.51 nm, 2.16‐folds higher than Ti3C2Tx electrode, the Ti3C2Tx‒cysteine electrode delivered high capacitance of 279 F g−1 in EMITFSI/acetonitrile electrolyte. Assembled asymmetric Ti3C2Tx‒cysteine//activated carbon flexible device exhibited a high voltage of 2.9 V and a high energy density of 72.1 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 874 W kg−1, which could power various colored smart rollable flexible electronics at bent angle of 90°. Additionally, identical mechanisms are found in Ti3C2Tx‐amino acid systems, wherein amino acid stayed flat between Ti3C2Tx layers with optimized content, interlayer spacing, and capacitance, no matter amino acid in different charged feature and different sidechain lengths (e.g., glutamine, cysteine, and lysine). The present study provides systematically experimental evidence for improving ion accessibility in IL electrolytes based on an organic‐modified Ti3C2Tx electrode structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous advancement of smart greenhouse technologies, digital and information-based environmental monitoring has emerged as a focal point of research. The development of high-performance gas sensors is central to achieving this objective. In recent years, MXene materials have been widely applied in the field of gas sensors due to their excellent ion mobility, favorable hydrophilicity, outstanding electronic conductivity, and unique physicochemical properties. Various MXene heterojunction structures have been synthesized for gas detection. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors, explore methods for synthesizing different morphologies of Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures, and evaluate the sensing behaviors of these configurations to fully harness their potential for gas monitoring in greenhouse environments. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the sensing mechanisms associated with Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures will be provided, offering theoretical support for future investigations. The findings indicate that Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials demonstrate considerable promise as high-performance sensors for gas detection in greenhouse settings. This innovative research not only provides new insights into the development of gas sensor technologies but also serves as an important foundation for the digitization of environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, two-dimensional MXenes have become a quest for the synthesis bottlenecks by the conventional process due to slow etching reaction of the bulk MAX phase, use of hazardous chemicals, and laborious methods. Herein, we demonstrate a one-step rapid conversion of the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase to Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets on the order of few minutes using supercritical water. The process is demonstrated to remove the metallic aluminum interlayers from the MAX phase material with the help of a lowest-concentrated hydrofluoric acid (HF) etchant up to 4 vol % instead of 40–50 vol %. Furthermore, the conversion achieves as high as ≈61% yield within a short reaction time of 30 min at a temperature of 400 °C. Thereafter, the synthesized MXene is used to measure the electrochemical performance for both three-electrode and two-electrode supercapacitors as well as Li-ion battery applications. The high electrochemical specific capacitance of 271.3 F·g–1 at 0.75 A·g–1 in a two-electrode system is found for the supercapacitor. Additionally, the specific capacity of 120 mAh·g–1 at 1 C is obtained for Li-ion battery performance with 87% of Coulombic efficiency. The properties are then compared with those of conventionally prepared MXene, showing to be essentially comparable. This demonstrates that MXenes do not undergo adverse changes in structure or properties while synthesized rapidly and scaling. Thus, it can make them viable for further scale-up and commercialization in forthcoming days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the preparation of absorbing materials that combine light weight, ultra-wideband absorption and good thermal insulation performance is still an insurmountable gap. Here, we constructed a three-dimensional porous structure in the hope of obtaining excellent microwave absorption and heat insulation properties. In this paper, a unique three-dimensional porous SiCNWs/Ti3C2Tx/RGO (STR) aerogel was prepared by hydrothermal treatment. When the mass ratio of SiCNWs, Ti3C2Tx and GO is 2:1:1, the effective absorption bandwidth of STR aerogel reaches 8.10 GHz (9.90–18.00 GHz). Moreover, the porous structure can effectively reduce the heat radiation transfer. After heating at 300 ℃ for 1 h, STR aerogel can effectively isolate the temperature of about 160 ℃, which proves that STR has good thermal insulation performance. In addition, the formation mechanism of the STR aerogels and the mechanism of thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption of aerogels are also discussed, which will contribute to the development and application of new lightweight stealth material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to prepare efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution (HER) using non-precious metals. In this study, a series of PtCo/Ti3C2Tx-Y (Y: 16, 32, and 320, Y indicates the quality of Co(NO3)2) catalysts were synthesized by loading PtCo alloy on Ti3C2Tx. The PtCo/Ti3C2Tx-32 catalyst showed the best HER performance, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with low overpotential (36 and 101 mV) and small Tafel slopes (66.37 and 105.17 mV dec−1) in 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 and 1 mol L−1 KOH solution. The excellent HER activity of PtCo/Ti3C2Tx-32 can be attributed as follows: Ti3C2Tx has a unique two-dimensional structure, which can provide a large number of attachment sites for the PtCo alloy, hence exposing more active sites; on the other hand, it can also provide a fast and efficient conductive network for electron transport during electrocatalytic processes, thus enhancing the connectivity between electrolyte and catalyst. PtCo alloy makes the PtCo/Ti3C2Tx catalyst more hydrophilic, accelerating the release rate of bubbles. The DFT calculation results showed that the energy barrier of HER is reduced because the charge around Pt is redistributed by Co after alloying Pt and Co, so that the PtCo/Ti3C2Tx catalyst has a suitable ΔGH* value. This study can be expected to provide some references for the design and synthesis of Ti3C2Tx-supported alloy electrocatalysts with high activity and stability for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pore structural regulation is expected to be a facile way to enhance the adsorption performance of MXene. In this work, spherical foam composites consisting of Ti3C2Tx and sodium alginate (SA) were synthesized via a vacuum freeze-drying technique. By varying the solution volume of Ti3C2Tx, four distinct Ti3C2Tx@SA spherical foams with honeycomb-like and lamellar structures with a pore diameter in the range of 100–300 μm were fabricated. Their methylene blue (MB) adsorption performances were then systematically compared. The results revealed that the honeycomb-like porous-structured spherical foams have a significantly higher adsorption capacity than their lamellar counterparts. Notably, the Ti3C2Tx@SA honeycomb-like porous foam exhibited a remarkable maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 969 mg/g, positioning it at the forefront of MB adsorbent materials. Respective analysis of the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm model indicated that this MB adsorption of Ti3C2Tx@SA honeycomb-like porous foam is characterized to be a physical, endothermic, and monolayer adsorption. The Ti3C2Tx@SA honeycomb-like porous foam also demonstrated excellent resistance to ion interference and good reusability, further attesting to its substantial potential for practical applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was employed to elucidate the adsorption mechanism, which was found to involve the synergistic effect of electrostatic adsorption and amidation reaction. This work not only offers new avenues for the development of high-performance adsorption materials but also provides crucial insights into the structural design and performance optimization of porous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are integrated into wireless charging coils printed onto textiles, serving as a conductive adhesive between MXene textile components. These MXene coils can power MXene-textile supercapacitors, allowing electromyography measurements with epidermal MXene electrodes and active heating with printed MXene-textile filaments. [Display omitted] • MXenes can be integrated into textiles for conductivity, energy storage, sensing, and thermal management. • MXenes can be directly printed onto textiles to make induction coils. • MXene induction coils can produce 100 mW of power. • Induction coils can be used to wirelessly charge e-textile devices. As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands, electronics will take on new form factors. With the ubiquity of textiles in our daily lives, integrating functionality into them is a promising proposition. Realizing a future with textile-based electronics (e-textiles) will require on-textile power supplies. Due to their high conductivity, electrochemically active surface, and ability to produce additive-free coatings from aqueous inks, MXenes are an ideal material to integrate into textiles to add functionality as well as generate and store electrical energy. Herein, we demonstrate an on-garment energy grid utilizing MXenes in textile-based supercapacitors and wireless chargers. Our on-garment energy grid can power real-world electronics, including peripheral electronics performing environmental sensing and data transmission, including an all-MXene surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor with real-time data transmission. Finally, we create a fully wireless textile-MXene joule heater directly powered by our MXene coil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the challenge of low electronic and ionic conductivities in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), we synthesized MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx via a modified hydrothermal route. This 2D van der Waals composite exhibited a stable reversible specific discharge capacity of 566 mAh/g at 0.1 C (67 mA/g) and retained 71 % of its initial capacity during rate performance tests. Notably, cycling stability tests revealed an increased discharge capacity of 316.4 mAh/g after 564 cycles at 0.4 C (268 mA/g), which improved further to 378.2 mAh/g after 922 cycles at 1 C (670 mA/g). The exceptional electrochemical performance stems from the unique MoTe2@Ti3C2Tx architecture, enhancing Li+ site exposure and ensuring structural stability. This composite emerges as a promising and easily synthesizable advanced anode material for LIBs, offering enhanced conductivity and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia (NH3) gas is prevalent in industrial production as a health hazardous gas. Consequently, it is essential to develop a straightforward, reliable, and stable NH3 sensor capable of operating at room temperature. This paper presents an innovative approach to modifying SnO2 colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) on the surface of Ti3C2Tx MXene to form a heterojunction, which introduces a significant number of adsorption sites and enhances the response of the sensor. Zero-dimensional (0D) SnO2 quantum dots and two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene were prepared by solvothermal and in situ etching methods, respectively. The impact of the mass ratio between two materials on the performance was assessed. The sensor based on 12 wt% Ti3C2Tx MXene/SnO2 composites demonstrates excellent performance in terms of sensitivity and response/recovery speed. Upon exposure to 50 ppm NH3, the frequency shift in the sensor is −1140 Hz, which is 5.6 times larger than that of pure Ti3C2Tx MXene and 2.8 times higher than that of SnO2 CQDs. The response/recovery time of the sensor for 10 ppm NH3 was 36/54 s, respectively. The sensor exhibited a theoretical detection limit of 73 ppb and good repeatability. Furthermore, a stable sensing performance can be maintained after 30 days. The enhanced sensor performance can be attributed to the abundant active sites provided by the accumulation/depletion layer in the Ti3C2Tx/SnO2 heterojunction, which facilitates the adsorption of oxygen molecules. This work promotes the gas sensing application of MXenes and provides a way to improve gas sensing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is a desirable electrode material for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the pursuit of high energy and power densities, owing to its extensive reactive area and surface‐induced pseudo‐capacitance. Here, a novel synergistic strategy for fortifying lithium storage capability is first proposed, by in‐situ anchoring BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles on few‐layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx) using a hydrothermal method. The uniform BaTiO3 nanoparticles effectively prevent the restacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, successfully deplete metastable Ti atoms, and intriguingly form a thin and well‐adhered solid electrolyte interface layer, enhancing the aggregation‐resistant, oxidation‐resistant, and electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx. Simultaneously, the internal electric fields, originating from the spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles, can augment the adsorption of Li+, boosting the lithium storage capacity and reaction kinetics. The resulting composite electrode displays a remarkable charge capacity of 84 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, almost five times that of pristine Ti3C2Tx electrode. The excellent rate performance and cyclability make BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx composites highly attractive for LIBs. Furthermore, this synthetic approach presented here is scalable and can be extended to other Ti‐based materials. This strategy is expected to underscore the considerable potential of ferroelectric composites for integration into high‐performance LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are known to induce excellent solid lubrication performance. However, their performance largely depends on the ambient conditions (working atmosphere), since moisture and oxygen deteriorate the frictional properties of MoS2 and MXenes. Currently, little knowledge is available regarding the humidity-dependent tribological performance of MXene coatings. Therefore, our contribution aims at experimentally evaluating the tribological performance of multilayer Ti3C2Tx/MoS2 hybrid coatings used as solid lubricants dependent on the relative humidity (10, 35, and 70%). For this purpose, mixed (50% multilayer Ti3C2Tx and 50% MoS2) and bilayer (bottom Ti3C2Tx and top layer MoS2) hybrid coatings were deposited via spray-coating on chromium steel discs to be tested under dry reciprocating conditions using ball-on-disk tribometry. Our results show that both hybrid coatings performed best under low relative humidities, thus notably improving the resulting friction and wear performance. The favorable tribological mechanism was mainly attributed to the low-shear stress between sulfides derived from MoS2. At higher relative humidities, the formation of oxides detrimentally affected lubrication, thus causing friction to increase and leading to more pronounced wear. This study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing friction and wear for hybrid MXene/MoS2 coatings tested at different humidity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract In this work, the mechanism and behaviour of magnesium adsorption with Ti3C2Tx adsorbent is investigated. Ti3C2Tx was synthesized by selective exfoliation of Al layer from Ti3AlC2 using acidic solutions of HF 40% and 12 M LiF/ 9 M HCl. The effect of the synthesis method on the structure, the interlayer distance, the type and abundance of the functional groups, the bonds formed, the surface area and the volume of the formed cavities were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and fourier transform infrared analyses. The preliminary discontinuous tests of magnesium adsorption with Ti3C2Fx and Ti3C2(OH)x in 100 ppm concentration, pH ~ 7.00, ambient temperature and time of 3 h show 182.5 and 99 mg.g-1 the adsorption intensity, respectively. The difference in adsorption intensity with Ti3C2Fx is the result of the extensive tendency of Mg2+ to conduct electrochemical reactions with F- twice as much as OH- functional groups. By designing the RSM experiment, analytical, qualitative, optimization and modelling of the magnesium adsorption process with Ti3C2Fx adsorbent was carried out with the input variables of magnesium concentration, pH, ambient temperature and time. Isothermal modelling shows the agreement of the experimental results with the Langmuir model and endothermic thermodynamic modelling shows the spontaneity of the adsorption reaction. MXene adsorption–desorption with 0.1 M HCl was done in up to 4 steps. The adsorption results show that Ti3C2Fx can show up to 15% initial adsorption intensity by maintaining stability in up to 4 adsorption–desorption steps.

Abstract The ZnFe prussian blue analogue [ZnFe(PBA)] was infused with Ti3C2Tx (MXene) denoted as ZnFe(PBA)@Ti3C2Tx and was prepared by an in-situ sonication method to use as a non-enzymatic screen printed electrode sensor. The advantage of non-enzymatic sensors is their excellent sensitivity, rapid detection, low cost and simple design. The synthesized ZnFe(PBA)@Ti3C2Tx was characterized for its physical and chemical characterization by XRD, Raman, XPS, EDAX, and FESEM analysis. It possessed multiple functionalized layers and a cubic structure in the nanohybrid. Further, the sensor was investigated by using electroanalytical studies such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis. The enhanced surface area with a cubic structure of ZnFe(PBA) and the excellent electrical response of Ti3C2 nanosheet support the advancement of a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor with improved sensitivity of 973.42 µA mM−1 cm−2 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 3.036 µM (S/N = 3) and linear detection range (LDR) from 0.01 to 1 mM.

Electrostatic fields are crucial for achieving the highly efficient filtration of airborne pollutants. However, the dissipation of static charges over time, especially under humid conditions, limits their practical application. In this study, we present a self-charging air filter (SAF) powered by a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This SAF is integrated into a commercial mask, termed SAFM, which can effectively capture and degrade airborne pollutants without requiring an external power source. By leveraging the triboelectric effect during breathing, the TENG within the SAFM continuously replenishes static charges, maintaining the triboelectric field. The system employs a cellulose aerogel/Ti3C2Tx composite as the electron donor and an esterified cellulose-based electrospun nanofiber as the electron acceptor. Remarkably, the triboelectric field significantly enhances filtration performance, with the SAF achieving up to 95.7% filtration efficiency for particulate matter as small as 0.3 μm. This work underscores the potential of TENG-powered triboelectric fields in the development of multifunctional, human-machine interactive facemasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The MXene Ti3C2Tx was synthesized using hydrofluoric acid and an improved multilayer method in this study. Subsequently, a Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx composite material was produced through hydrothermal synthesis. This composite boasts a unique layered structure, offering a large surface area that provides numerous contact and reaction sites, facilitating the adsorption of ammonia on its surface. The prepared Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx-based sensor exhibits excellent sensing performance for ammonia gas, including high responsiveness, good repeatability, and rapid response–recovery time. The sensor's response to 100 ppm ammonia gas is 61%, which is 11.3 times and 1.6 times the response values of the Ti3C2Tx gas sensor and Bi2O3 gas sensor, with response/recovery times of 61 s/164 s at room temperature, respectively. Additionally, the gas sensitivity mechanism of the Bi2O3/Ti3C2Tx-based sensor was analyzed, and the gas sensing response mechanism was proposed. This study shows that the sensor can effectively enhance the accuracy and precision of ammonia detection at room temperature and has a wide range of application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ZnFe prussian blue analogue [ZnFe(PBA)] was infused with Ti3C2Tx (MXene) denoted as ZnFe(PBA)@Ti3C2Tx and was prepared by an in-situ sonication method to use as a non-enzymatic screen printed electrode sensor. The advantage of non-enzymatic sensors is their excellent sensitivity, rapid detection, low cost and simple design. The synthesized ZnFe(PBA)@Ti3C2Tx was characterized for its physical and chemical characterization by XRD, Raman, XPS, EDAX, and FESEM analysis. It possessed multiple functionalized layers and a cubic structure in the nanohybrid. Further, the sensor was investigated by using electroanalytical studies such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry analysis. The enhanced surface area with a cubic structure of ZnFe(PBA) and the excellent electrical response of Ti3C2 nanosheet support the advancement of a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor with improved sensitivity of 973.42 µA mM−1 cm−2 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 3.036 µM (S/N = 3) and linear detection range (LDR) from 0.01 to 1 mM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modulation of surface properties of Ti3C2Tx plays a crucial role in its diverse applications across various fields. However, a straightforward and reliable technique for controlling its surface functional groups remains elusive. In this study, we achieved controlled modification of Ti3C2Tx surface functional groups using atmospheric‐pressure cold plasma. We evaluated the plasma generation characteristics and found that the gas parameters could influence the discharge power and lead to different gas temperatures with the same voltage. Spectral analysis confirmed the presence of numerous reactive species in the plasma, facilitating the breaking and recombination of chemical bonds of functional groups on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The interaction between the plasma jet and Ti3C2Tx film revealed that the semiconductor properties of the Ti3C2Tx film limit the plasma diffusion area, while N2 doping and increased gas flow rates respectively reduce and enlarge the coverage area of cold plasma. A brief one‐minute cold plasma treatment induced a slight etching effect on the Ti3C2Tx film surface, effectively altering the ‐O and ‐F functional groups. However, it is noteworthy that excessive cold plasma treatment in the air may result in partial oxidation of Ti3C2Tx, necessitating the use of custom gas environments in further applications. This research provides valuable insights into surface modification techniques for Ti3C2Tx with potential implications in a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is still a challenge to achieve perfect ((near-unity)) absorption across a wide wavelength range with a three-layer structure. This paper presents a metamaterial absorber (MA) based on MXene that can achieve broadband and perfect absorption in the near-infrared and visible regions. The MA with a simple three-layer structure consists of a top Ti3C2Tx layer, an intermediate dielectric layer and a bottom gold layer. It can achieve perfect absorption (the absorptivity over 99%) in the wavelength range of 730–900 nm. The electric field distribution reveals that the localized surface plasmon resonance occurring at the interface of Ti3C2Tx and SiO2 leads to strong absorption over the wide wavelength range. Furthermore, the MA exhibits excellent angular stability. This work provides a method to construct MAs with broadband perfect absorption in the near-infrared and visible band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are a kind of novel and interesting new materials, and carbon dots (CDs) are also concerned because of their processability, versatility, environmental protection, and low cost. Both MXenes and CDs are chemically stable and have a large surface area and high electrical conductivity, which are promising alternative electrode materials for supercapacitors. Moreover, MnO2 can also improve the energy density of the electrode materials. In this paper, Ti3C2Tx/CDs and Ti3C2Tx/CDs@MnO2 were prepared by a hydrothermal method and their supercapacitor performance were also investigated by a series of electrochemical methods. From the CV profile in a three-electrode system, Ti3C2Tx/CDs@MnO2 electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 281.3 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, which was higher than that of Ti3C2Tx/CDs (160.3 F g−1). Ti3C2Tx/CDs showed a good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 82.38% after 10,000 cycles. Meanwhile, a symmetric supercapacitor was successfully assembled using Ti3C2Tx/CDs@MnO2 as electrodes, with an energy density of 5.77 Wh kg−1 at a corresponding power density of 120 W kg−1. This work offers a theoretical foundation and a technological path for synthesizing highly effective ternary composite of MXene-based as energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearing a compression garment (CG) can effectively prevent and treat hypertrophic scars (HS), but the surface of CG is prone to bacterial growth. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out antibacterial finishing on compression garment fabric (CGF). In order to achieve the purpose of synergistic antibacterial action, improving bacteriostatic rate, and enhancing biological safety, this study prepared a composite material of MXene (Ti3C2Tx), chitosan, and amino silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) and its antibacterial CGF. The binding mechanism between the antibacterial composite material and the CGF was explored, and the bacteriostatic rates, wearing properties, and wash fastness of the antibacterial CGF were studied. Results showed that Ti3C2Tx, chitosan, and APTES were covalently bonded to the CGF, achieving synergistic antibacterial effects. The antibacterial CGF without washing showed a bacteriostatic rate of 99.9% against both Gram-negative bacteria Esherichia coli (E. coli, AATCC 6538) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, AATCC 25922), with washing fastness reaching grade AA. Additionally, the comfort of the antibacterial finishing fabric was affected to a certain extent in terms of flexural rigidity and air permeability, but overall, the wearability of the antibacterial CGF also met the daily wearing needs of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of science and technology, wearable electronics are increasingly widely used in medical, environmental monitoring, and other fields. Thus, the demand for flexible electrodes is increasing. The two-dimensional material Ti3C2Tx has attracted much attention in the manufacture of flexible electrodes due to its excellent mechanical and electrical properties. However, the brittleness of pure Ti3C2Tx films has become a major obstacle for their use as flexible electrodes in wearable devices. Therefore, solving the brittleness problem of flexible electrodes based on Ti3C2Tx while maintaining the excellent performance of Ti3C2Tx has become an urgent problem. To solve this problem, Ti3C2Tx was compounded with waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and a Ti3C2Tx-WPU composite film with a hierarchical structure was constructed by evaporation-assisted self-assembly. The Ti3C2Tx-WPU composite film not only retains the excellent electrical conductivity of Ti3C2Tx (100 S m−1) but also has flexibility (20 MJ m−3). Furthermore, the Ti3C2Tx-WPU composite film is applied to functional devices such as contact pressure sensors and non-contact proximity sensors. Finally, the Ti3C2Tx-WPU composite film wearable device demonstrates its practical application potential in the field of wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A symmetric supercapacitor device with high electrochemical performance was assembled using the TC- P -3 hybrid film electrode. [Display omitted] Robust, conductive and flexible electrode materials have been the focus of attention in portable, wearable electronics. However, it is still a significant challenge to achieve synergistic development of multiple properties simultaneously. Herein, we propose a combination of microscale design and nanostructures strategy to prepare MXene/cellulose nanofiber-poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiphoenes):polystyrene sulfonate (Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNF-PEDOT:PSS, TC-P) hybrid film by a simple in-situ polymerization and vacuum filtration process. CNF serves as the supporting skeleton of PEDOT:PSS, effectively mitigating its self-aggregation and structural deformation due to the expansion/contraction of the polymer network. And the CNF-PEDOT:PSS composite is capable to open up the interlayer space of Ti 3 C 2 T x , which reduces the self-stacking of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanosheets. The strong interactions among the three components enable the hybrid film electrode to possess both flexibility and high electrochemical properties. As a result, the film electrode exhibits a remarkable tensile strength of 77.4 MPa and an excellent conductivity of 162.5 S cm−1, as well as an outstanding areal specific capacitance of 896 mF cm−2 at 4 mA cm−2. Moreover, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) device displays a large areal energy density of 62 µWh cm−2 at a power density of 800 µW cm−2 and demonstrates a long cycle life with 85.1 % capacitance retention after 10,000 GCD cycles. This study provides an effective strategy to balance mechanical flexibility and electrochemical properties, providing an inspiration to prepare flexible electrodes that are widely applied in a new generation of portable, wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible Zn2+ ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) will play a crucial role in developing next‐generation wearable products, which demand portability, durability, and environmental adaptability. To further meet these requirements, Ti3C2Tx MXene with exceptional conductivity and robust mechanical properties can be utilized as cathodes, except for challenges such as the dense stacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. In this study, a novel MXene cathode architecture has been developed with the facilitation of an ice template, which creates longitudinally aligned Ti3C2Tx arrays with microchannels. The introduction of hydrochloric acid to the Ti3C2Tx slurry induces a crumpled morphology, increasing active sites and enhancing ion transport with expanded interlayer spacing. Interestingly, experimental results and COMSOL simulations verify that the cathode structure also has effective impacts on the Zn anode with a weakened ion concentration gradient and suppressed dendrite formation. Consequently, the ZHCs exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance with excellent rate performance and long‐term cycling stability (enduring over 50 000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and further deliver a reliable low‐temperature operation by applying an anti‐freezing electrolyte. Moreover, flexible ZHCs assembled with gel electrolytes demonstrate excellent flexibility, improved rate performance, and mechanical stability, making them well‐suited for flexible electronics that power flexible LED panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel microwave‐assisted intercalation (MAI) strategy is proposed for fast and efficient intercalation of layered MXene to prepare large‐size single‐layer MXene. After LiF‐HCl etching of Ti3AlC2, the as‐prepared multi‐layer Ti3C2Tx (M‐T) are intercalated with Li3AlF6 as an intercalator and ethylene glycol (EG) as a solvent under microwave irradiation for 5 min. Furthermore, the dispersed high‐quality large‐sized single‐layer Ti3C2Tx (S‐T) nanosheets with a thickness of 1.66 nm and a large lateral size over 20 µm are achieved with a yield of over 60% after a further ultrasonic delamination followed by electrostatic precipitation, acid washing, and calcination. In addition, Pd/S‐T composite catalyst, which is constructed with Pd nanoparticles supported on the as‐prepared S‐T nanosheets, exhibits an excellent performance for rapid and efficient selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes with H2 under a mild condition. At room temperature, full conversion of nitrobenzene and 100% aniline selectivity are achieved over Pd/S‐T catalyst in 20 min with 0.5 MPa of H2 pressure. This work provides a novel method for facile, fast, and large‐scale preparation of single‐layer MXene and develops a new approach for constructing efficient nanocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered Ti3C2Tx MXene has been successfully intercalated and exfoliated with the simultaneous generation of a 3D silica network by treating its cationic surfactant intercalation compound (MXene-CTAB) with an alkoxysilane (TMOS), resulting in a MXene–silica nanoarchitecture, which has high porosity and specific surface area, together with the intrinsic properties of MXene (e.g., photothermal response). The ability of these innovative MXene silica materials to induce thermal activation reactions of previously adsorbed compounds is demonstrated here using NIR laser irradiation. For this purpose, the pinacol rearrangement reaction has been selected as a first model example, testing the effectiveness of NIR laser-assisted photothermal irradiation in these processes. This work shows that Ti3C2Tx-based nanoarchitectures open new avenues for applications that rely on the combined properties inherent to their integrated nanocomponents, which could be extended to the broader MXene family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an ultrasensitive label‐free electrochemical immunosensor based on Ti3C2Tx (Mxene) with a 2D‐layered morphology has been proposed for the detection of EpCAM antigen. A hydrothermal method is employed for the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx by using a less toxic exfoliating reagent, NaBF4. The bioelectrode, BSA/anti‐EpCAM/Ti3C2Tx@ITO, has been fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of Ti3C2Tx onto the ITO electrode, followed by an immobilization of EpCAM antibody. Electrochemical response studies reveal that the immunosensor shows a high sensitivity of 29.22 μA fg−1 ml cm−2 and a wide linear range from 0.1 fg/ml to 100 ng/ml, for EpCAM antigen detection. Further, the good stability of this fabricated immunosensor is an additional advantage for EpCAM antigen detection in serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous advancement of smart greenhouse technologies, digital and information-based environmental monitoring has emerged as a focal point of research. The development of high-performance gas sensors is central to achieving this objective. In recent years, MXene materials have been widely applied in the field of gas sensors due to their excellent ion mobility, favorable hydrophilicity, outstanding electronic conductivity, and unique physicochemical properties. Various MXene heterojunction structures have been synthesized for gas detection. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors, explore methods for synthesizing different morphologies of Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures, and evaluate the sensing behaviors of these configurations to fully harness their potential for gas monitoring in greenhouse environments. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of the sensing mechanisms associated with Ti3C2Tx heterojunction structures will be provided, offering theoretical support for future investigations. The findings indicate that Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials demonstrate considerable promise as high-performance sensors for gas detection in greenhouse settings. This innovative research not only provides new insights into the development of gas sensor technologies but also serves as an important foundation for the digitization of environmental monitoring.