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Cognitive dysfunction occurs not only in brain dysfunction, such as brain tumor and dementia, but also in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, as well as in developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder. Cognitive dysfunction due to neurological diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder and HPV Vaccine Associated Neuropathic Syndrome has also been assumed. We experienced a case of autism spectrum disorder suspected of cognitive dysfunction due to HPV Vaccine Associated Neuropathic Syndrome. In autism spectrum disorders, it is pointed out that cognitive dysfunction and imbalance of intellectual abilities are also observed even in cases with no intellectual disturbance. In this case, we evaluated cognitive dysfunction closely. We added the tests based on the short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale―Third Edition （WAIS-Ⅲ）, because the information obtained from this case was not satisfied only by the routine cognitive function test battery. WAIS-III can acquire information on the minimum intellectual abilities in a short time using the short form method. As a result of additional tests, this case suggested the possibility that there is an imbalance of intellectual abilities rather than the presence of cognitive dysfunction. In diagnosing cognitive dysfunction in autistic spectrum disorder without intellectual disturbance, it was suggested that examination based on intellectual abilities is useful.

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We applied the DN-CAS which was the psychological examination that a Japanese printing version was released in 2007 to the third grader. As for the correlation coefficient of the each PASS score / Full score and the IQ of DN-CAS a high value was provided. For the multiple linear regression analysis, it was suggested thet the \nsimultaneous score and Full score of DN-CAS explained IQ best., 紀要論文

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Parkinson's disease is a motor disorder which mainly shows tremor, muscle rigidity, hypokinesia and posture disorder. Recently Parkinson's disease has been said some kinds of cognitive dysfunctions similar to those of dementia. This study aims to examine the aspect of the cognitive function of Parkinson's disease patients under the following hypotheses. That is, whether Parkinson's disease shows the declined cognitive functions similar to patients who were dementia and the dysfunction of the frontal cortex. And does the chemical treatment of the Parkinson's disease affect their cognitive functions? Moreover, is there the degree of their severity related to their cognitive functions?\nFifty-six outpatients who's ages ranged from 50 to 70 were given the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS) which briefly tests the global cognitive function and the Brief Trial Making Test (BTMT) which is sensitive to the deficit of the frontal cortex function. The degree of their severity was assessed on the criterion of Hoehn & Yarh.\nFirstly, the total score of 3MS did not shown a significant cognitive disorder as a function of the their age compared with the matched control subjects. However, the total score of 3MS of the patients with the third and forth degree levels of severity of Parkinson's disease had significantly lower than those of the control subjects. Secondly, each of the four items of 3MS, first recall, writing, recall of four-legged animals and mental reversal, was shown the significance between patients with the third and forth level of their severity of Parkinson's disease and the control subjects. Also, each of the three items of 3MS, writing, copy two pentagons and recall of four-legged animals, was shown the significance between patients with first and second level and those of the third and forth level of their severity of Parkinson's disease. These results suggest that patients with Parkinson's disease should show the dysfunction of the frontal cortex. Thirdly, the total score of 3MS showed the slight correlation with dopamine drug but no correlation with anticholinergic drug, which is said affect memory. Whereas the combination dopamine drug with anticholinergic drug showed the positive correlation with the indices of BTMT. Hence, These results suggest that the lowed function of frontal cortex examining by the performance of BTMT might relate with these medical effects., 紀要論文

Brain damaged and schizophrenic patients were examined Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale-Revised to clarify their cognitive dysfunction. Brain damaged patients were divided into three group, left cortical damaged, right cortical damaged, and global/based brain damaged group, respectively. The score of performance IQ in the global/based brain damaged group was the lowest of these groups. Meanwhile, the score of language IQ in left cortical group was the lowest of the these groups.\nChronic schizophrenic patients were divided into three groups, 20-, 30-, 40- age group, respectively. Each groups showed that the score of performance IQ is lower than one of language IQ. The lowed score of performance IQ in 20- group may be qualitatively different form 40- age group. The lowed score of the 40- age group might be affected by organic brain damage.\nThe factor analysis of WAIS-R were conducted from the data of brain damaged patients. Consequently, two factors were extracted. The first was "performance" factor including "block design" , "object assembly" , "picture arrangement" , and "picture completion" and the second was "language" factor including "knowledge" , "vocabulary" , "similarity" and "comprehension".\nAlso, The factor analysis of WAIS-R were conducted from the data of chronic schizophrenic patients. They were divided into "below 40 years old" and, "above 40 years old" group, respectively. Consequently, three factors were extracted from "below 40 years old " group and two factors were extracted from "above 40 years old" group. The result extracted two factors in "above 40 years old" group were similar to that of brain damage patients. These result suggest that the cognitive dysfunction of the aged schizophrenic patients might be due to their brain damage., 紀要論文

Eighty-seven hospitalized chronic schizophrenia patients were tested with the Trail Making Test(TMT) and the Modified Mini Mental Test (3MS). Patients were divided into 3 groups, respectively 20-30s years, 40s years, and 50s years patient groups. The analysis was based on whether a patient can perform the mixed-figure of TMT. 3MS comprising 15 tests were classified as dementia, memory-concept, copy-writing and appellation-executive order category. It was showed that about 40 % of chronic schizophrenia patients, irrespective of their age, were not able to perform the mixed-figure of TMT. Also, the score of 3MS decreased in the function of their age. Each age-groups showed a lower score in the memory-concept category of 3MS. The lower score of the memory-concept category was correlated with failure in the performance of the mixed-figure of TMT. Hence, it was suggested that chronic schizophrenia patients might have cognitive dysfunction related to the frontal and temporal lobes., 紀要論文

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平成18～19年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))研究成果報告書, 研究概要：(平成18年度時点)本研究の主たる目的は、脳障害にある患者の認知障害の質と程度をpsychometric心理検査を通して、認知心理学モデルとの神経科学の知見をもとに再考することにある。そのため下位目的を2つ設定した。第1の目的は、脳障害者に国際的に認知された神経心理検査を実施し、その検査結果に基づく認知障害を脳画像と関係で再考することである。現在以下の観点から検討中である。脳損傷者や健常成人に実施してきた琉大式簡易神経心理学査バッテリー(RBNB)の下位検査間の成績をもとに、以下の観点から検討中である。1.RBNBの実施についての吟味 2.RBNBの下位検査の妥当性と信頼性について 3.RBNBによる、記憶機能障害の評価について 4.RBNBによる、前頭葉機能障害の評価について 5.RBNBによる検査結果の量的評価と質的評価の併用の検討 6.RBNBによる脳機能の局在性と全体性機能低下の評価の吟味 7.RBNBとさらなる検査項目の導入について 8.RBNBと他の簡易検査(長谷川式やMMSE)との関連性 9.RBNBの痴呆検査としての妥当性と有効性についての吟味 10.RBNBの高齢者の認知機能評価の有用性について第2の目的は、実験心理学的psychometric検査の導入を行うことで、現在、従来のpsychometric検査からヒントを得た実験的なpsychometric検査の導入を考案中である。, 研究成果１ ストループ・テストの標準化（琉大版）の試み（p.52-57） http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/handle/123456789/7249, p.52以降は抜き刷り論文のため未公開

Quantitative time-series observation of gene expression is becoming possible, for example by cell array technology. However, there are no practical methods with which to infer network structures using only observed time-series data. As most computational models of biological networks for continuous time-series data have a high degree of freedom, it is almost impossible to infer the correct structures. On the other hand, it has been reported that some kinds of biological networks, such as gene networks and metabolic pathways, may have scale-free properties. We hypothesize that the architecture of inferred biological network models can be restricted to scale-free networks. We developed an inference algorithm for biological networks using only time-series data by introducing such a restriction. We adopt the S-system as the network model, and a distributed genetic algorithm to optimize models to fit its simulated results to observed time series data. We have tested our algorithm on a case study (simulated data). We compared optimization under no restriction, which allows for a fully connected network, and under the restriction that the total number of links must equal that expected from a scale free network. The restriction reduced both false positive and false negative estimation of the links and also the differences between model simulation and the given time-series data.

平成15～16年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C))研究成果報告書, 研究概要：痴呆の評価を中心とした高齢者の認知機能評価とは異なり、脳損傷患者の認知機能評価は、損傷の部位、病理、経過のプロセスなどにより様々な認知傷害の様相を呈することは明らかである。このような背景のもとで、脳神経外科、神経内科、精神科、放射線科に入院・通院している脳障害者の認知機能評価の目的で、検査項目の選択にあたり、いくつかの条件を設定し、琉球大学式認知機能評価バッテリーを考案した。検査項目の中で、いいまで検討してきたものは、MMSEを修正したmodified MMSEを中心とし、認知機能の全体的様相の分析である。即ち、3MSの下位項目の検討を通して、損傷部位、病理、術前・術後の経過等でのプロフィールの分析を行ってきた。また、前頭葉検査として位置づけられている、Stroop testとTrail making testを健常者および、脳障害者で行い、琉球大学方式の検査方法を検討した。具体的には、この方式による標準化を試みることによって、データの客観性を得ることができ、この標準化データをもとに、脳損傷者の認知機能評価を、病理、術前・術後の経過等を変数として検討してきた。, 要約（欧文）:The assessment of cognitive function of brain damaged patients is different from the elderly as well as dementia Brain damaged patients reveal various aspects of cognitive dysfunction by some variables of the damaged region, brain pathology, the process of illness and so on. We designed the brief neuropsychological test battery (Ryukyu University Version) on the basis of some conditions in view of the above described background factor. We have analyzed global cognitive dysfunction of the brain damaged patients using the modified MMSE(3MS) in comparison with normal subjects. We showed the profile of cognitive dysfunction of brain damaged patients with 3MS in terms of the variable of damaged region, pathology, pre-post operation and so on. Moreover, the Stroop test and the Trail making test which is sensitive to the dysfunction of the prefrontal neocortex, including one of our brief neuropsychological test battery, were conducted on many brain damaged patients and the normal subjects to standardize these data. We also have analyzed the aspect of cognitive function of brain damaged patients with this standardization., 未公開：P.36以降(別刷論文のため）