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First records of Xanthophyceae for the Vologda and Sverdlovsk regions, and Moscow, Characeae for the Vologda, Orenburg, Tver regions and the Crimea Peninsula, diatoms for the Orenburg Region, aphyllophoroid fungi for the Novgorod and Tyumen regions, agaricoid fungi for the Novosibirsk and Vologda regions, and for the Republic of Altai, lichens for the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, Altai Territory, the Republic of Buryatia and Primorye Territory, mosses for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the Republic of Buryatia, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and the Kuril Islands, liverwort for the Kurgan Region are presented. The data on their localities, habitats, distribution are provided. The specimens are kept in the herbaria of the Altai State University (ALTB), of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW), of the Institute of Problems of Industrial Ecology of the North KSC RAS (INEP), of the Polar-alpine botanical garden-institute KSC RAS (KPABG), of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE), of the Mire Research Group of the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS (MIRE), the Central Siberian botanical garden SB RAS (NSK), of the Natural History Museum in Oslo, Norway (O), of the Petrozavodsk State University (PZV), of the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (SVER), of the Tobolsk complex scientific station of the UB RAS (TOB), of the Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (UUH) and algological collection in the laboratory of the Algology Group of the Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis of the UB RAS.

For plasma heating and stabilization in open magnetic traps, the high-power neutral beam injector with tunable beam energy was developed at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The initial energy of the beam particles is 15 keV, and it can be subsequently increased to 40 keV. In this case, the neutral beam power increases from 1.7 to 3.5 MW. A distinctive feature of this injector is the fact that, as the accelerating voltage considerably changes, the ion beam current remains constant. The injectors based on the ion sources with tunable energy are used in experiments at the C-2W open trap (USA).

The article presents a new design of an AlGaAs/GaAs low-voltage thyristor for efficient high-current pulse generation at high repetition rates. It is demonstrated that optimizing the low-voltage thyristor p-base doping profile by using a thin highly doped layer allows for a significant increase in the operating frequencies. This applies to both a thyristor working without an external load and a vertical stack of a thyristor with a laser diode mini bar (LDMB). It is shown that the use of a 0.1- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick highly doped layer, formed at the side of the p-base close to the n-emitter, leads to a significant increase of the holding current, which in our case exceeds 70 mA. At the same time, we were still able to obtain a low residual voltage of 1.5 V and a high blocking voltage of 32 V. The developed low-voltage thyristors have demonstrated the possibility of generating current pulses of 30-ns duration at a repetition rate of 10/70 kHz with an amplitude of 125/110 A, as well as the efficient pumping of LDMBs and laser pulses with a peak power of 68/57.5 W, respectively.

The spatial and temporal dynamics of the optical loss and carrier density in the heterostructure of a semiconductor laser with a segmented contact are studied using an optical pump–probe technique based on the injection of probe radiation with a wavelength of 1560 nm into a semiconductor laser chip under study that is based on an AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and emits at wavelength of 1010 nm. It is demonstrated that employing probe light at a wavelength of 1560 nm enables sensitivity in measuring an internal optical loss of no less than 1 cm–1. The segmented design of the current pumping region made it possible to estimate the absolute internal optical loss. It is shown that changing the configuration of the Fabry–Perot eigenmodes of the laser affects the carrier distribution and the internal optical loss both in the current pumping region and in the passive, current unpumped part of the laser chip.

The emission characteristics of narrow mesa-stripe (5.5 μm) lasers based on asymmetric AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures are studied. It is shown that the maximum optical power achieved in the continuous-wave (CW) operation mode is limited by heating and reaches a value of 1695 mW at a current of 2350 mA at +25°C, with the maximum efficiency reaching 54.8%. Reducing the working temperature to –8°C makes it possible to raise the maximum low-mode CW power to 2 W. A peak power of 2930 mW is obtained under pumping with current pulses (width 240 ns, amplitude 4230 mA). It is shown that the power profile has in the pulsed mode an “optical dip” region in which low-efficiency lasing occurs with the generation of a train of subnanosecond pulses.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl.Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. barkcanker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Algeria, Phaeoacremonium adelophialidum from Vitis vinifera. Antarctica, Comoclathris antarctica from soil. Australia, Coniochaeta salicifolia as endophyte from healthy leaves of Geijera salicifolia, Eremothecium peggii in fruit of Citrus australis, Microdochium ratticaudae from stem of Sporobolus natalensis, Neocelosporium corymbiae on stems of Corymbia variegata, Phytophthora kelmanii from rhizosphere soil of Ptilotus pyramidatus, Pseudosydowia backhousiae on living leaves of Backhousia citriodora, Pseudosydowia indoor oopillyensis, Pseudosydowia louisecottisiae and Pseudosydowia queenslandica on living leaves of Eucalyptus sp. Brazil, Absidia montepascoalis from soil. Chile, Ilyonectria zarorii from soil under Maytenus boaria. Costa Rica, Colletotrichum filicis from an unidentified fern. Croatia, Mollisia endogranulata on deteriorated hardwood. Czech Republic, Arcopilus navicularis from tea bag with fruit tea, Neosetophoma buxi as endophyte from Buxus sempervirens, Xerochrysium bohemicum on surface of biscuits with chocolate glaze and filled with jam. France, Entoloma cyaneobasale on basic to calcareous soil, Fusarium aconidiale from Triticum aestivum, Fusarium juglandicola from buds of Juglans regia. Germany, Tetraploa endophytica as endophyte from Microthlaspi perfoliatum roots. India, Castanediella ambae on leaves of Mangifera indica, Lactifluus kanadii on soil under Castanopsis sp., Penicillium uttarakhandense from soil. Italy, Penicillium ferraniaense from compost. Namibia, Bezerromyces gobabebensis on leaves of unidentified succulent, Cladosporium stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Cymostachys euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia sp., Deniquelata hypolithi from hypolith under a rock, Hysterobrevium walvisbayicola on leaves of unidentified tree, Knufia hypolithi and Knufia walvisbayicola from hypolith under a rock, Lapidomyces stipagrostidicola on leaves of Stipagrostis sp., Nothophaeotheca mirabibensis (incl. Nothophaeotheca gen. nov.) on persistent inflorescence remains of Blepharis obmitrata, Paramyrothecium salvadorae on twigs of Salvadora persica, Preussia procaviicola on dung of Procavia sp., Sordaria equicola on zebra dung, Volutella salvadorae on stems of Salvadora persica. Netherlands, Entoloma ammophilum on sandy soil, Entoloma pseudocruentatum on nutrient poor(acid)soil, Entoloma pudens on plant debris, amongst grasses. [...], Leslie W.S. de Freitas and colleagues express their gratitude to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for scholarships provided to Leslie Freitas and for the research grant provided to André Luiz Santiago; their contribution was financed by the projects ‘Diversity of Mucoromycotina in the different ecosystems of the Atlantic Rainforest of Pernambuco’ (FACEPE–First Projects Program PPP/ FACEPE/CNPq–APQ–0842-2.12/14) and ‘Biology of conservation of fungi s.l. in areas of Atlantic Forest of Northeast Brazil’ (CNPq/ICMBio 421241/ 2017-9) H.B. Lee was supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Korea (NIBR202130202). The study of O.V. Morozova, E.F. Malysheva, V.F. Malysheva, I.V. Zmitrovich, and L.B. Kalinina was carried out within the framework of a research project of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (АААА-А19-119020890079-6) using equipment of its Core Facility Centre ‘Cell and Molecular Technologies in Plant Science’. The work of O. V. Morozova, L.B. Kalinina, T. Yu. Svetasheva, and E.A. Zvyagina was financially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research project no. 20-04-00349. E.A. Zvyagina and T.Yu. Svetasheva are grateful to A.V. Alexandrova, A.E. Kovalenko, A.S. Baykalova for the loan of specimens, T.Y. James, E.F. Malysheva and V.F. Malysheva for sequencing. J.D. Reyes acknowledges B. Dima for comparing the holotype sequence of Cortinarius bonachei with the sequences in his database. A. Mateos and J.D. Reyes acknowledge L. Quijada for reviewing the phylogeny and S. de la Peña- Lastra and P. Alvarado for their support and help. Vladimir I. Kapitonov and colleagues are grateful to Brigitta Kiss for help with their molecular studies. This study was conducted under research projects of the Tobolsk Complex Scientific Station of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (N АААА-А19-119011190112-5). E. Larsson acknowledges the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative, SLU Artdatabanken, Uppsala (dha.2019.4.3-13). The study of D.B. Raudabaugh and colleagues was supported by the Schmidt Science Fellows, in partnership with the Rhodes Trust. Gregorio Delgado is grateful to Michael Manning and Kamash Pillai (Eurofins EMLab P&K) for provision of laboratory facilities. Jose G. Maciá-Vicente acknowledges support from the German Research Foundation under grant MA7171/1-1, and from the Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE) of the state of Hesse within the framework of the Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF). Thanks are also due to the authorities of the Cabañeros National Park and Los Alcornocales Natural Park for granting the collection permit and for support during field work. The study of Alina V. Alexandrova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121032300081-7. Michał Gorczak was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw intramural grant DSM 0117600- 13. M. Gorczak acknowledges M. Klemens for sharing a photo of the Białowieża Forest logging site and M. Senderowicz for help with preparing the illustration. Ivona Kautmanová and D. Szabóová were funded by the Operational Program of Research and Development and co-financed with the European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD). ITMS 26230120004: ‘Building of research and development infrastructure for investigation of genetic biodiversity of organisms and joining IBOL initiative’. Ishika Bera, Aniket Ghosh, Jorinde Nuytinck and Annemieke Verbeken are grateful to the Director, Botanical Survey of India (Kolkata), Head of the Department of Botany & Microbiology & USIC Dept. HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal for providing research facilities. Ishika Bera and Aniket Ghosh acknowledge the staff of the forest department of Arunachal Pradesh for facilitating the macrofungal surveys to the restricted areas. Sergey Volobuev was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF project N 19-77- 00085). Aleksey V. Kachalkin and colleagues were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 19-74-10002). The study of Anna M. Glushakova was carried out as part of the Scientific Project of the State Order of the Government of Russian Federation to Lomonosov Moscow State University No. 121040800174-6. Tracey V. Steinrucken and colleagues were supported by AgriFutures Australia (Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation), through funding from the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, as part of its Rural Research and Development for Profit program (PRJ-010527). Neven Matočec and colleagues thank the Croatian Science Foundation for their financial support under the project grant HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736 (ForFungiDNA). Ana Pošta thanks the Croatian Science Foundation for their support under the grant HRZZ-2018-09-7081. The research of Milan Spetik and co-authors was supported by Internal Grant of Mendel University in Brno No. IGAZF/ 2021-SI1003. K.C. Rajeshkumar thanks SERB, the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for providing financial support under the project CRG/2020/000668 and the Director, Agharkar Research Institute for providing research facilities. Nikhil Ashtekar thanks CSIR-HRDG, INDIA, for financial support under the SRF fellowship (09/670(0090)/2020-EMRI), and acknowledges the support of the DIC Microscopy Facility, established by Dr Karthick Balasubramanian, B&P (Plants) Group, ARI, Pune. The research of Alla Eddine Mahamedi and co-authors was supported by project No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_017/0002334, Czech Republic. Tereza Tejklová is thanked for providing useful literature. A. Polhorský and colleagues were supported by the Operational Program of Research and Development and co-financed with the European fund for Regional Development (EFRD), ITMS 26230120004: Building of research and development infrastructure for investigation of genetic biodiversity of organisms and joining IBOL initiative. Yu Pei Tan and colleagues thank R. Chen for her technical support. Ernest Lacey thanks the Cooperative Research Centres Projects scheme (CRCPFIVE000119) for its support. Suchada Mongkolsamrit and colleagues were financially supported by the Platform Technology Management Section, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Project Grant No. P19-50231. Dilnora Gouliamova and colleagues were supported by a grant from the Bulgarian Science Fund (KP-06-H31/19). The research of Timofey A. Pankratov was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 19-04-00297a). Gabriel Moreno and colleagues wish to express their gratitude to L. Monje and A. Pueblas of the Department of Drawing and Scientific Photography at the University of Alcalá for their help in the digital preparation of the photographs, and to J. Rejos, curator of the AH herbarium, for his assistance with the specimens examined in the present study. Vit Hubka was supported by the Charles University Research Centre program No. 204069. Alena Kubátová was supported by The National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Microbial Genetic Resources Important for Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic). The Kits van Waveren Foundation (Rijksherbariumfonds Dr E. Kits van Waveren, Leiden, Netherlands) contributed substantially to the costs of sequencing and travelling expenses for M. Noordeloos. The work of B. Dima was supported by the ÚNKP-20-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, and by the ELTE Thematic Excellence Programme 2020 supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (TKP2020-IKA-05). The Norwegian Entoloma studies received funding from the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC), and the material was partly sequenced through NorBOL. Gunnhild Marthinsen and Katriina Bendiksen (Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway) are acknowledged for performing the main parts of the Entoloma barcoding work. Asunción Morte is grateful to AEI/FEDER, UE (CGL2016-78946-R) and Fundación Séneca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (20866/PI/18) for financial support. Vladimír Ostrý was supported by the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic - conceptual development of research organization (National Institute of Public Health – NIPH, IN 75010330). Konstanze Bensch (Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht) is thanked for correcting the spelling of various Latin epithets.

Near field dynamics of a single-mode laser diode (λ= 1060 nm) based on InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs is studied. A narrow-stripe laser diode with a straight ridge of 5.1-µm width having no distributed feedback elements demonstrates a constructive and destructive interference in opposite parts from the centre of the near field at the same time. The temporal behavior of an optical power at different points of the near field is studied. It is shown there is a domain in the optical pulse at a current corresponding to the "kink" region when two modes interfere destructively on one side of the near field in the lateral direction from the center of the stripe, and constructively they interfere on another side.

Studies of multimode and single-mode semiconductor lasers with a surface distributed Bragg reflector (S-DBR) were carried out. S-DBR with a period of 2 μm was formed in the upper cladding layer by contact photolithography. The spectrum width for all laser designs did not exceed 0.3 nm both at continuous wave (CW) and pulse of 100 ns pump. Temperature stability of emission wavelength increase from a value of 0.35 nm/°С for a Fabry-Perot laser to a value of 0.075 nm/°С for a S-DBR laser was demonstrated. The relatively low output optical power of high-order S-DBR lasers is associated with the presence of diffraction modes emitting from the surface of the DBR.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica, Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina, Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia, Aspergillus banksianus, Aspergillus kumbius, Aspergillus luteorubrus, Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha, Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata, Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii, Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis, Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus, Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii, Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil, Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea. Chile, Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis. Croatia, Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica. Czech Republic, Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens. Ecuador, Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia, Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France, Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias. India, Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia, Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy, Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia, Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii. Poland, Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects' frass. Portugal, Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea, Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia, Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus, Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina, Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from swamp. Slovenia, Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa, Beltraniella podocarpi, Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi, Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.)from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius, Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis, and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain, Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand, Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK, Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa, Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine, Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA, Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus, Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin sample, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.)on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra, Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.)from leaves of Serenoa repens, Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides. Vietnam, Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetomella pseudocircinoseta and Coniella pseudodiospyri on Eucalyptus microcorys leaves, Cladophialophora eucalypti, Teratosphaeria dunnii and Vermiculariopsiella dunnii on Eucalyptus dunnii leaves, Cylindrium grande and Hypsotheca eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Elsinoe salignae on Eucalyptus saligna leaves, Marasmius lebeliae on litter of regenerating subtropical rainforest, Phialoseptomonium eucalypti (incl. Phialoseptomonium gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × camaldulensis leaves, Phlogicylindrium pawpawense on Eucalyptus tereticornis leaves, Phyllosticta longicauda as an endophyte from healthy Eustrephus latifolius leaves, Pseudosydowia eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Saitozyma wallum on Banksia aemula leaves, Teratosphaeria henryi on Corymbia henryi leaves. Brazil, Aspergillus bezerrae, Backusella azygospora, Mariannaea terricola and Talaromyces pernambucoensis from soil, Calonectria matogrossensis on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves, Calvatia brasiliensis on soil, Carcinomyces nordestinensis on Bromelia antiacantha leaves, Dendryphiella stromaticola on small branches of an unidentified plant, Nigrospora brasiliensis on Nopalea cochenillifera leaves, Penicillium alagoense as a leaf endophyte on a Miconia sp., Podosordaria nigrobrunnea on dung, Spegazzinia bromeliacearum as a leaf endophyte on Tilandsia catimbauensis, Xylobolus brasiliensis on decaying wood. Bulgaria, Kazachstania molopis from the gut of the beetle Molops piceus. Croatia, Mollisia endocrystallina from a fallen decorticated Picea abies tree trunk. Ecuador, Hygrocybe rodomaculata on soil. Hungary, Alfoldia vorosii (incl. Alfoldia gen. nov.) from Juniperus communis roots, Kiskunsagia ubrizsyi (incl. Kiskunsagia gen. nov.) from Fumana procumbens roots. India, Aureobasidium tremulum as laboratory contaminant, Leucosporidium himalayensis and Naganishia indica from windblown dust on glaciers. Italy, Neodevriesia cycadicola on Cycas sp. leaves, Pseudocercospora pseudomyrticola on Myrtus communis leaves, Ramularia pistaciae on Pistacia lentiscus leaves, Neognomoniopsis quercina (incl. Neognomoniopsis gen. nov.) on Quercus ilex leaves. Japan, Diaporthe fructicola on Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa fruit, Entoloma nipponicum on leaf litter in a mixed Cryptomeria japonica and Acer spp. forest. Macedonia, Astraeus macedonicus on soil. Malaysia, Fusicladium eucalyptigenum on Eucalyptus sp. twigs, Neoacrodontiella eucalypti (incl. Neoacrodontiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves. Mozambique, Meliola gorongosensis on dead Philenoptera violacea leaflets. Nepal, Coniochaeta dendrobiicola from Dendriobium lognicornu roots. New Zealand, Neodevriesia sexualis and Thozetella neonivea on Archontophoenix cunninghamiana leaves. Norway, Calophoma sandfjordenica from a piece of board on a rocky shoreline, Clavaria parvispora on soil, Didymella finnmarkica from a piece of Pinus sylvestris driftwood. Poland, Sugiyamaella trypani from soil. Portugal, Colletotrichum feijoicola from Acca sellowiana. Russia, Crepidotus tobolensis on Populus tremula debris, Entoloma ekaterinae, Entoloma erhardii and Suillus gastroflavus on soil, Nakazawaea ambrosiae from the galleries of Ips typographus under the bark of Picea abies. Slovenia, Pluteus ludwigii on twigs of broadleaved trees. South Africa, Anungitiomyces stellenboschiensis (incl. Anungitiomyces gen. nov.) and Niesslia stellenboschiana on Eucalyptus sp. leaves, Beltraniella pseudoportoricensis on Podocarpus falcatus leaf litter, Corynespora encephalarti on Encephalartos sp. leaves, Cytospora pavettae on Pavetta revoluta leaves, Helminthosporium erythrinicola on Erythrina humeana leaves, Helminthosporium syzygii on a Syzygium sp. bark canker, Libertasomyces aloeticus on Aloe sp. leaves, Penicillium lunae from Musa sp. fruit, Phyllosticta lauridiae on Lauridia tetragona leaves, Pseudotruncatella bolusanthi (incl. Pseudotruncatellaceae fam. nov.) and Dactylella bolusanthi on Bolusanthus speciosus leaves. Spain, Apenidiella foetida on submerged plant debris, Inocybe grammatoides on Quercus ilex subsp. ilex forest humus, Ossicaulis salomii on soil, Phialemonium guarroi from soil. Thailand, Pantospora chromolaenae on Chromolaena odorata leaves. Ukraine, Cadophora helianthi from Helianthus annuus stems. USA, Boletus pseudopinophilus on soil under slash pine, Botryotrichum foricae, Penicillium americanum and Penicillium minnesotense from air. Vietnam, Lycoperdon vietnamense on soil. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Pulse-pumped MOVPE-fabricated (metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy) semiconductor lasers emitting in the spectral ranges 1000–1100 and 1400–1600 nm at temperatures of 110–120 K are studied. It is found that cooling the lasers for both spectral ranges to low temperature results in their light–current curves approaching linearity, and an optical power of, respectively, 110 and 20 W can be attained. The low-temperature effect is reduced for lasers emitting in the spectral range 1400–1600 nm. The processes affecting a rise in the internal optical loss in semiconductor lasers are considered. It is shown that an increase in the carrier concentration in the waveguide of a laser structure greatly depends on temperature and is determined by the noninstantaneous capture (capture rate) of carriers from the waveguide into the active region. It is demonstrated that, upon lowering the temperature to 115K, the concentration of electrons and holes in the waveguide becomes lower, which leads to a significant decrease in the internal optical loss and to an increase in the output optical power of the semiconductor laser.

The data on finding of Typha austro-orientalis Mavrodiev (Typhaceae) in the shallow riverside waters of an oxbow of the Kama River in the Udmurt Republic are given. The characteristics of the biotope and some morphological parameters of diagnostic features of plants for identified population are described. It is assumed that this species has the status of invasive plant in the region.

Objective: to evaluate the impact of anemia in pregnant women on the formation of an early neonatal adaptation period. The investigation enrolled 84 mother-baby pairs followed up at a Krasnoyarsk maternity hospital. Group 1 consisted of 40 infants born to pregnant women with grade 1 anemia; Group 2 included 19 babies born to mothers with grade 2 anemia. A control group comprised 25 babies born to somatically healthy non-anemic pregnant women. The incidence of transient conditions, signs of physiological immaturity, as well as changes in motor activity and tendon reflexes was significantly higher in the infants whose mothers were anemic during pregnancy. It is concluded that anemia in pregnant women has a considerable impact on neonatal health. These children have more commonly hemorrhagic-ischemic CNS disorders, which may lead to further psychomotor and speech retarded.

Existing methods of preparation of the oil based muds in laboratory conditions are reviewed in the article. Studies on the impact of a high intensity acoustic field exposure on the process parameters of drilling muds have been carried out in order to reduce the time of the water-in-oil emulsion preparation. The dependences of changes in the rheological characteristics and dispersability of the emulsion on the duration of its preparation are obtained. The authors also conducted an assessment of the stability of the oil based muds that are prepared using high-energy exposure after thermal aging under dynamic conditions (aging for 16 hours at a temperature of 80 °C in a roller oven with stirring at a speed of 25 rpm) and after 14 days in the state of rest.

In the last decade, a series of high power neutral beam injectors for plasma heating and diagnostics in magnetic fusion experiments has been developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. In the injectors, the plasma emitter is produced by inductively coupled radio frequency discharge. With these emitters of different size, positive ion hydrogen and deuterium beams with energy up to 60 keV and power up to 1.6 MW can be provided. In the last few years, the negative ion sources with the RF drivers have been developed for the injector with higher energies. This paper presents an overview of the design, parameters and performance of the developed plasma drivers.

We report an experimental study of power characteristics of semiconductor lasers based on MOVPE-grown asymmetric separate-confinement heterostructures with a broadened waveguide as functions of cavity length, stripe contact width and mirror reflectivities. It is shown that at high current pump levels, the variation of the cavity parameters of a semiconductor laser (width, length and mirror reflectivities) influences the light – current (L – I) characteristic saturation and maximum optical power by affecting such laser characteristics, as the current density and the optical output loss. A model is elaborated and an optical power of semiconductor lasers is calculated by taking into account the dependence of the internal optical loss on pump current density and concentration distribution of charge carriers and photons along the cavity axis of the cavity. It is found that only introduction of the dependence of the internal optical loss on pump current density to the calculation model provides a good agreement between experimental and calculated L – I characteristics for all scenarios of variations in the laser cavity parameters.

Semiconductor lasers based on MOVPE-grown asymmetric separate-confinement heterostructures with a broadened waveguide and emitting in the wavelength range 1.0 – 1.1 μm are studied. It is found that the intensity of spontaneous emission from the active region increases with increasing pump current above the lasing threshold and that this is caused by a growth in the concentration of charge carriers in the active region due to the modal gain enhancement needed to compensate for the growing internal optical loss at high pulsed pump currents. It is shown that the increase in the internal optical loss with increasing pulsed pump current is one of the main reasons for saturation of the light – current characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers.

The paper describes a data acquisition system developed in the Far Eastern State Transport University for the state monitoring of the geographically distributed systems. Currently this type of tasks often arises in the various sectors of industry and on the railroads. Using the modern hardware and software platform the prototype of the distributed monitoring system was designed. Various technologies were combined in one solution: sensor networks, microprocessors, data transmitters, wide-area networks, data warehouses, algorithms for data processing and visualization. When data arrive from remote nodes and most of the data contains the fast changing signal arrays, the efficiency of signal processing highly depends on the data synchronization. The main feature of the described system is full automation of the measurements with precision time stamps. It is based on light microprocessor platform operated by Python scripts. The distributed database allows building the united database nodes, which are located on the remote regional servers. The Python-based frameworks were used in order to operate the data in the mid-level and for client interface. The advanced math can be used for the data processing thanks to the precise data synchronization. The proposed approach seems to be very promising for the design of the monitoring systems for the power grids and for the railway infrastructure and rolling stock.

Approaches to the development of laser heterostructures with a broadened single-mode waveguide are studied theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the use of n- and p-type emitters with different refractive-index values ensures lasing in the fundamental mode only, if the thickness of the waveguide layer is 2 μm. The studied semiconductor lasers fabricated using the developed heterostructure feature internal optical losses amounting to 0.6 cm−1; the divergence in the plane perpendicular to the p-n junction is 23°. In the continuous lasing mode at room temperature, a linear power-current characteristic is obtained at an output optical power as high as 7 W.

We consider the five-vertex model on a square lattice with fixed boundary conditions which corresponds to weighted (with weight q per elementary cube) enumerations of boxed plane partitions. We calculate the one-point correlation function of the model which describes the probability of a given state on an edge (polarization). This generalizes an analogous result obtained previously by the authors for unweighted (weighted with weight q = 1) enumerations of plane partitions. Bibliography: 14 titles.

A number of neutral beams with ballistic focusing were developed in several recent years for fusion studies in the Budker Insitute. Diagnostic neutral beam injectors for large stellarator W-7X and tokamak T-15 were produced and tested. A high power, relatively low energy neutral beam injector was developed to upgrade the neutral beam system of the gas dynamic trap device and C2-U/W experiments. This injector produces a proton beam with the particle energy of 15 keV, ion current of up to 175 A, and pulse duration up to 30 ms. For tokamaks Globus-M and TCV heating injectors of focused neutral beams with power ∼1 MW and duration ∼1 s were elaborated and produced. Future development of diagnostic and heating neutral beam injectors is discussed in the paper.

A diagnostic neutral beam injector DINA-KI60 has been developed and produced for upgraded T-15 tokamak (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow). The system will be primarily used for measurement of the ion temperature by charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS), for magnetic field measurements via motional Stark effect (MSE) and investigation of plasma turbulence by Beam emission spectroscopy (BES). The ion source provides 60 keV, 6 A hydrogen beam with low angular divergence less than 10 mrad. Ions are extracted from a plasma created by an arc-discharge source with cold cathode and, after accelerating and focusing, are neutralized in a gas target. The extracted beam has about 86% of full energy specie. The grids of ion optical system are spherically curved providing geometric focusing of the beam at a distance 4 m. Diagnostic neutral beam has been successfully tested at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics at 2 seconds pulse duration with modulation of the beam (duty ratio from 1:1 to 1:3).

Laser heterostructures with waveguides and emitter layers made of AlGaAs and AlGaAsP alloys are grown by hydride metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy on a GaAs substrate and studied. It was shown that the heterostructure containing AlGaAsP layers has a large curvature radius in comparison with the structure consisting of AlGaAs layers. Ridge waveguide lasers with an aperture of 100 μm are fabricated based on the AlGaAsP/GaAs laser heterostructure and studied. The internal optical loss of the lasers is 0.75 cm−1; the characteristic parameter T0 = 140 K in the temperature range of 20–70°C. The maximum optical output power per mirror reached 4.1 W; cw lasing was retained at a heat sink temperature of 120°C.

Heterostructures with an active region containing a Ga0.59In0.41As quantum well located between GaAs1 − y P y compensating layers were studied using photoluminescence spectroscopy. It was shown that an increase in the phosphorus content in compensating layers makes it possible to obtain unrelaxed heterostructures with wider Ga0.59In0.41As quantum wells. On the basis of photoluminescence studies, the parameters of such a composite active region were chosen with a view to attaining the longest lasing wavelength possible. Laser heterostructures with a composite active region consisting of a highly strained Ga0.59In0.41As quantum well located between GaAs0.85P0.15 compensating layers were grown on GaAs substrates by metalloorganic chemical vapor deposition. Stripe mesa-structure laser diodes of 100-μm aperture emitting at 1220 nm were fabricated. The highest emission power of these laser diodes in the continuous-wave regime amounted to 2 W per output mirror.

The basic technical characteristics of the navigation device, realized on the basis of a strapdown inertial unit, satellite navigation equipment, and a computing device of a new generation on the basis of the “Malakhit-7” digital computing system are described. Preliminary estimates of operational and precision characteristics of the navigation device components with the use of the corresponding mathematical model and a number of test benches of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) “Scientific and Production Association of Automatics” (`SPA of Automatics') are received.

Приводятся сведения о находке Primula macrocalyx Bunge в Тюменской области. На территории области данный вид впервые был отмечен П.Н. Крыловым в 1937 г. С тех пор новых находок не было, и первоцвет крупночашечный считался исчезнувшим видом. В мае 2017 г. произрастание этого вида было обнаружено нами в Заводоуковском районе; это одно из самых северных местонахождений P. macrocalyx в Западной Сибири. Достаточно крупная популяция насчитывает не менее тысячи клонов на площади около 4 га. Даны рекомендации к включению первоцвета крупночашечного в перечень видов, подлежащих занесению в Красную книгу Тюменской области., Information about the find of Primula macrocalyx Bunge in the Tyumen Province is given. On the territory of the province this species was first found by P.N. Krylov in 1937. Since then, no new discoveries have been made, and the primrose was considered an extinct species. In May 2017 the growth of this species was discovered by us in the Zavodoukovskiy district. This is one of the northernmost locations of P. macrocalyx in Western Siberia. A large population has at least a thousand clones on an area of about 4 hectares. Recommendations are given for the inclusion of the P. macrocalyx in the list of species to be included in the Red Book of the Tyumen Province.

Results of photoluminescence (PL) studies of heterostructures with strongly strained InxGa1 − xAs quantum wells (QWs) are presented. It is shown that the dependence of the PL intensity on the QW thickness has a maximum whose position depends on the composition of the InxGa1 − xAs solid solution. The PL wavelength at the maximum intensity is 1.13 µm at a QW thickness of 60 µm at a QW thickness of 50 A for x = 0.39 and 0.42, respectively.

Optical and electrical characteristics of different high-power multimode laser diodes with an emission wavelength of 835 nm are compared; the diodes were obtained on the basis of three systems of solid solutions: AlGaAS/GaAs, AlGaAs/GaAsP, and (Al)GaInP/GaInAsP. An output continuous optical power of 5 W is attained in lasers with a stripe width of 80 μm irrespective of the chosen material system. The highest optical power, 7 W, is attained in the lasers based on the (Al)GaInP/GaInAsP system.

The parameters of high-power multimode laser diodes featuring a radiation wavelength of 808 nm obtained on the basis of asymmetric heterostructures with an ultrawide waveguide in the systems of AlGaAs/GaAs and (Al)GaInP/GaInAsP/GaAs are compared. In the lasers based on an AlGaAs/GaAs system, the maximum optical power was limited by optical degradation of the SiO2/Si mirrors and amounted to 4.7 W. In the lasers based on an (Al)GaInP/GaInAsP/GaAs system, the maximum optical power was limited by thermal saturation and equaled 7 W. The obtained results show that the (Al)GaInP/GaInAsP/GaAs system is more reliable from the standpoint of an increase in both the maximum optical power and operation life of lasers.

Spectral and emission-power characteristics of semiconductor lasers based on quantum-dimensional asymmetric heterostructures with separate confinement in a system of InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs alloys are studied in the case of high pump levels in the pulsed mode of lasing (200 A, 100 ns, and 10 kHz). It is shown that, in lasers with a quantum-dimensional active region containing one or two levels of dimensional quantization, the spectrum consists of one or two lasing bands. It is established that the condition for inverse population of the second electron level and two-band lasing are attained due to leveling-off of the rate of stimulated recombination from the first electron level and a high density of states for the second level. It is shown that, in lasers with double-band lasing spectrum, the total emission spectrum exceeds appreciably the emission power of a laser with a single electron level and a single spectral band.

Spectral and light-current characteristics of separate-confinement lasers that are based on InAl-GaAs/InP and InGaAsP/InP alloys and emit in the wavelength range of 1.5–1.8 μm are studied at high excitation levels (up to 80 kA/cm2) in pulse operation (100 ns, 10 kHz). It is shown that the peak intensity in the stimulated-emission spectrum saturates as the pump current is increased. Further increase in the emitted power is attained owing to the emission-spectrum broadening to shorter wavelengths, similar to lasers on the GaAs substrates (λ = 1.04 μm). It is established experimentally that the broadening of the stimulated-emission spectrum to shorter wavelengths is caused by an increase in the threshold current and by an increase in the charge-carrier concentration in the active region. This concentration increases by a factor of 6–7 beyond the lasing threshold and can be as high as 1019 cm−3 in pulse operation. It is shown that saturation of the light-current characteristics in pulse operation takes place in the InAlGaAs/InP and InGaAsP/InP lasers as the pump current is increased. It is shown experimentally that there is a correlation between saturation of the light-current characteristic and an increase in the threshold current in the active region. An increase in the charge-carrier concentration and gradual filling of the active region and waveguide layers with electrons are observed as the pump current is increased; stimulated emission from the waveguide is observed at high pump currents.

We suggested and experimentally confirmed the effective method of internal optical loss reduction by high order mode suppression in a separate confinement quantum well laser heterostructure with asymmetric ultra thick waveguide. Manufacturing of InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs laser heterostructure with a 1.7 microm-thick asymmetric waveguide allowed attaining super low value of internal optical loss alphai=0.34 cm-1 preserving high efficiency and fundamental transverse mode operation. Record-high 16 W continuous wave (CW) and 145 W pulse room temperature front facet output optical power and 74% wallplug efficiency were attained in 100-microm-aperture 1.06-microm-emitting laser diodes with 3 mm cavity length.

Впервые для территории Западной Сибири приводятся данные о находке Utricularia macrorhiza (Lentibulariaceae) в окрестностях г. Нефтеюганска., For the first time find of Utricularia macrorhiza (Lentibulariaceae) for Neftejugansk (West Siberia) is reported

The experiments on negative hydrogen ion beam production in a multi-aperture long-pulse surface-plasma source are described. H- ions are produced on the surface of a plasma grid covered by cesium and illuminated by fast plasma particles. The source uses a radio-frequency driver to generate plasma. A composite magnet system made of external permanent magnets confines and filters electrons in the plasma region, and deflects them in the extraction area. A multiaperture, multi-electrode ion optical system is used for beam formation. The electrode heating and cooling during long pulses is accomplished by circulating a heat transfer fluid through channels drilled in the electrodes bodies. H- ions extraction through a single aperture and 21 apertures was performed and studied. A stable H- beam with the current up to 0.7 A, energy up to 74 kV, and pulse duration up to 7 s was routinely obtained

High-power semiconductor lasers based on asymmetric quantum-dimensional separate confinement InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with ultrathick waveguides were fabricated by means of metalorganic hydride vapor phase epitaxy technology. The laser characteristics were studied in a pulsed pumping regime, in which the emission was excited by current pulses of 100 ns duration at a repetition frequency of 10 kHz and an amplitude of up to 200 A. The passage to a pulsed lasing regime allowed the active region heating to be reduced and the output power to be increased to 145 W for a laser diode with a 100-μm exit aperture. The results obtained for the pulsed lasing regime show that saturation of the output power-current characteristic observed in the continuous-wave regime is fully determined by overheating of the active region of a semiconductor laser.

Asymmetric GaInAs/GaInAsP/AlGaAs heterostructures with the emission wavelength of 940 and 980 nm were grown by MOCVD. The composition of solid solution in the waveguide layer, Ga0.74In0.26As0.47P0.53, was chosen based on the calculations of the escape energy of electrons from the quantum well of the active region into the waveguide. Semiconductor lasers with the emission aperture of 100 μm were fabricated from these heterostructures. The CW output optical power of 12 W was achieved at room temperature. The internal optical loss was 0.6 and 0.3 cm−1 for 940 and 980 nm wavelengths, respectively.