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Summary: Background: NOTCH3 encodes a transmembrane receptor critical for vascular smooth muscle cell function. NOTCH3 variants are the leading cause of hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). While monoallelic cysteine-involving missense variants in NOTCH3 are well-studied in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), patients with biallelic variants in NOTCH3 are extremely rare and not well characterised. Methods: In this study, we present clinical and genetic data from 25 patients with biallelic NOTCH3 variants and conduct a literature review of another 25 cases (50 patients in total). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analysed by expert neuroradiologists to better understand the phenotype associated with biallelic NOTCH3 variants. Findings: Our systematic analyses verified distinct genotype-phenotype correlations for the two types of biallelic variants in NOTCH3. Biallelic loss-of-function variants (26 patients) lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by spasticity, childhood-onset stroke, and periatrial white matter volume loss resembling periventricular leukomalacia. Conversely, patients with biallelic cysteine-involving missense variants (24 patients) fall within CADASIL spectrum phenotype with early adulthood onset stroke, dementia, and deep white matter lesions without significant volume loss. White matter lesion volume is comparable between patients with biallelic cysteine-involving missense variants and individuals with CADASIL. Notably, monoallelic carriers of loss-of-function variants are predominantly asymptomatic, with only a few cases reporting nonspecific headaches. Interpretation: We propose a NOTCH3-SVD classification depending on dosage and variant type. This study not only expands our knowledge of biallelic NOTCH3 variants but also provides valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of the disease, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of NOTCH3-related SVD. Funding: The Wellcome Trust, the MRC.

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective: Alcohol is one of the most commonly abused drugs in the world. Today, despite extensive studies, preservative treatments to prevent recurrence of alcohol addiction have not been successful. Religion, as one of the main pillars of a nation's culture, has a powerful potential in preventing mental disorders and could be effective to prevent relapsing into alcohol consumption. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Islamic-based training of the harms of taking alcohol on reducing alcohol craving and relapse into alcohol consumption in individuals with a history of alcohol addiction in the Alcoholics Anonymous Association (AA) in Tehran, 1396. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental in nature and used a pre-test and post-test control group design. The statistical population was composed of all the members of Alcoholics Anonymous Association (AA) in Tehran. Thirty individuals were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Data was collected using the craving questionnaire. The course was presented in six two-hour sessions of training in which the attitude of Islam to alcohol consumption and the relevant scientific findings were discussed. ANOVA was used to determine the effect of Islamic-based training of the harms of alcohols on reducing alcohol craving and relapse. In this study, all the ethical considerations have been observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Results: The findings showed the effectiveness of this kind of training on reducing alcohol craving and relapse at a significant level (P

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objectives: Humans for thousands of years have used the alcoholic drinks. Jabir ibn Hayyan, has done purification of ethanol, for the first time. Studies show that 20% of men and 10% of women in many Western societies are involved with alcohol-related diseases. Ethanol consumption leads to various physical and mental damages in nervous system, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, digestive system, endocrine system, respiratory system, immune system and blood, embryos and many. Quran in Verse 219 of Baqare, verse 90 and 91 of Al Maydh, verse 43 of Nisa and traditions of the Imams warn the Muslims from drinking the wines, frankly. Traditional medicine has similar approach to alcohol consumption. Review of the updated medical studies on compliance with this order based on Islamic-Iranian culture in terms of physical and mental health are the objectives of this study. Materials & Methods: The study is descriptive-library research that alcohol consumption and its impact on physical and mental health have been investigated from the perspective of verses, hadith and traditional medicine and also its compliance with the results of medical studies have been considered. In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered. Results: The study shows that alcohol has negative effects on the human body and spirit, and the results of medical studies are along with the instructions of Islam. Conclusion: They have been proved that Islam not only belongs to its time, but also it has comprehensive program of spiritual and worldly happiness for all time. Keywords: Alcohol,Health, Medical research, Quran, Traditional medicine For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Please cite this article as: Malakzadeh Z, Ahmadi N­, Nasr V. Investigate the effect of alcohol on the human body from the perspective of verses of the Holy Quran, Hadith and Traditional medicine. J Res Relig Health.2017;3(1): 102- 120.