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8. Social support utilization's effect on post-traumatic stress symptoms: a Danish cross-sectional study of 383 ambulance personnel.

Author

Melander, Pernille, Vang, Maria Louison, Lindekilde, Nanna, Andersen, Lars Peter Sønderbo, Elklit, Ask, and Pihl-Thingvad, Jesper

Subjects
HELP-seeking behavior, SOCIAL support, MULTIPLE regression analysis, POST-traumatic stress, SOCIAL types
Abstract

Introduction: Social support is considered an important factor in prevention of mental illness. However, little is known about the association between ambulance personnel's use of multiple types of social support and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). This study aims to assess if number of used social support types predicts PTSS for ambulance personnel. Apart fromassessing the main effect of social support utilization, we were interested in investigating if social support utilization moderated the effect of frequency of critical events on PTSS. Materials and methods: A total of 383 ambulance personnel completed a survey consisting of validated questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between frequency of traumatic exposure and utilization of social support and PTSS as outcome variable. Results: Higher number of utilized social support types was associated with higher levels of PTSS (b = 0.15, p <.001). When serving as a moderator of the association between frequency of exposure to critical incidents and PTSS, social support utilization had a significant and positive interaction effect (b = 0.26, p = .049). 307 participants had used 2 or 3 types of informal support during the past year, whereas 81 had used 2 or 3 types of formal support. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between utilization of multiple, concurrent social support types and PTSS. This study suggests that to understand the effects of social support among ambulance personnel, it is necessary to assess the utilization of multiple concurrent support types, contributing factors to social support use, and different patterns of social support utilization that constitutes professional life in ambulance work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Parent-reported posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents: Findings from the mental health of parents and children in Ukraine study.

Author

Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro, primary, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Redican, Enya, additional, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Cloitre, Marylene, additional, Ho, Grace W. K., additional, Lorberg, Boris, additional, and Martsenkovsky, Igor, additional

Published
2023
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15. The Predictive Validity of Using Admissions Testing and Multiple Mini-Interviews in Undergraduate University Admissions

Author

Makransky, Guido, Havmose, Philip, Vang, Maria Louison, Andersen, Tonny Elmose, and Nielsen, Tine

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of a two-step admissions procedure that included a cognitive ability test followed by multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) used to assess non-cognitive skills, compared to grade-based admissions relative to subsequent drop-out rates and academic achievement after one and two years of study. The participants consisted of the entire population of 422 psychology students who were admitted to the University of Southern Denmark between 2010 and 2013. The results showed significantly lower drop-out rates after the first year of study, and non-significant lower drop-out rates after the second year of study for the admission procedure that included the assessment of non-cognitive skills though the MMI and the admissions test. Furthermore, this admission procedure resulted in a significant lower risk of failing the final exam after the first and second year of study, compared to the grade-based admissions procedure. Finally, students admitted through the MMI and the admissions test scored significantly higher on academic learning self-efficacy and critical thinking compared to students selected by grades. The implications for higher education admissions are discussed.

Published
2017
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18. Investigating the latent structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire to assess ICD‐11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in an adult civilian sample during the Ukraine war

Author

Ho, Grace W. K., primary, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Ben‐Ezra, Menachem, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Redican, Enya, additional, Cloitre, Marylene, additional, Lorberg, Boris, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, and Shevlin, Mark, additional

Published
2023
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24. War exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, and complex posttraumatic stress disorder among parents living in Ukraine during the Russian war

Author

Karatzias, Thanos, primary, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Ben‐Ezra, Menachem, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Redican, Enya, additional, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Cloitre, Marylene, additional, Ho, Grace W. K., additional, Lorberg, Boris, additional, Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro, additional, and Hyland, Philip, additional

Published
2023
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25. Aarhus Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale

Author

O'Connor, Maja, primary, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Elklit, Ask, additional, Komischke-Konnerup, Katrine B., additional, Lundorff, Marie, additional, and Bryant, Richard, additional

Published
2023
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26. International Trauma Questionnaire--Ukrainian Version

Author

Ho, Grace W. K., primary, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro, additional, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Redican, Enya, additional, Cloitre, Marylene, additional, Lorberg, Boris, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, and Shevlin, Mark, additional

Published
2023
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27. Parent-reported posttraumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents: Findings from the The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study

Author

Martsenkovskyi, Dmytro, primary, Karatzias, Thanos, additional, Hyland, Philip, additional, Shevlin, Mark, additional, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Vang, Maria Louison, additional, Vallières, Frédérique, additional, Lorberg, Boris, additional, Martsenkovsky, Igor, additional, Ho, Grace W.K., additional, and Cloitre, Marylene, additional

Published
2022
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33. The role of age and mode of delivery in the STEPS intervention:A longitudinal pilot-study in treatment of posttraumatic stress symptoms in Danish survivors of sexual assault

Author

Vang, Maria Louison, Al Ali, Sara, Christiansen, Dorte Mølgaard, Dokkedahl, Sarah Bøgelund, and Elklit, Ask

Subjects
treatment, ICD-11, Intervention, PTSD, STEPS, rape, Sexual assault, CPTSD
Abstract

Background: The STEPS programme has been succesfully implemented as a group-based treatment of trauma symptoms after rape for adolescents. The STEPS intervention was translated from Dutch to Danish and offered to adults in addition to adolescents as well as an individual intervention in addition to a group-based intervention at a Danish Centre for Rape Victims through 2011 to 2014. The programme was translated from Dutch to Danish and expanded to adults in addition to adolescents as well as to an individual intervention in addition to a group-based intervention at a Danish Centre for Rape Victims through 2011 to 2014. Objective: The present study observes development in trauma symptoms and ICD-11 diagnostic status during an adapted version of the intervention programme ‘STEPS’ for survivors of sexual assault. Methods: A prospective uncontrolled study was conducted, monitoring symptoms of posttraumatic stress and other trauma-related symptomatology before treatment, after treatment and at 6 and 12 months' follow up for 103 referrals receiving individual or group-based STEPS. Tentative diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD were assigned to participants according to the ICD-11 to observe the development in diagnostic status across time, and multilevel modelling was used to assess the development of symptom severity and to assess the moderating effect of age-group and mode of delivery. Results: A loglinear function representing large and statistically significant decline in symptomatology over time provided the best fit for all measures of trauma-related symptomatology. The decline was not moderated by age-group or mode of intervention. Dropout rates were independent of mode of intervention and age. Conclusion: The adaption of the STEPS programme to adults and as an individual intervention is feasible and maintains effect sizes comparable to those observed in the original intervention. Further research using randomized controlled trials is needed to ascribe the observed effect to the STEPS programme.

Published
2020

36. Secondary traumatisation, burn-out and functional impairment:Findings from a study of Danish child protection workers

Author

Vang, Maria Louison, Shevlin, Mark, Hansen, Maj, Lund, Lane, Askerod, Ditte, Bramsen, Rikke Holm, and Flanagan, Natalie

Subjects
child welfare, functional impairment, burnout, child protection, Secondary traumatization, exploratory structural equation modelling, discriminant validity
Abstract

Background: Child-protection workers are at elevated risk for secondary traumatization. However, research in the area of secondary traumatization has been hampered by two major obstacles: the use of measures that have unclear or inadequate psychometric properties and equivocal findings on the degree of associated functional impairment. Objective: To assess the relationship between secondary traumatization and burnout using exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) and to assess the relationship between secondary traumatization and functional impairment. Methods: A survey of Danish child-protection workers was conducted through the Danish Children Centres (N = 667). Secondary traumatization was measured using the Professional Quality of Life-5 (ProQoL-5) and burnout using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Results: A three-factor ESEM model provided the best fit to the data, reflecting factors consistent with the structure of secondary traumatization and burnout. The factors were differentially related to trauma-related and organizational variables in ways consistent with existing evidence. All factors were significantly related to functional impairment. Conclusion: The findings supported the discriminant validity of secondary traumatization and burnout while highlighting methodological issues around the current use of sum-score approaches to investigating secondary traumatization. The current study supported the clinical relevance of secondary traumatization by linking it explicitly to social and cognitive functional impairment.

Published
2020

39. Lifetime Interpersonal Victimization Profiles and Mental Health Problems in a Nationally Representative Panel of Trauma-Exposed Adults From the United Kingdom

Author

Charak, Ruby, Vang, Maria Louison, Shevlin, Mark, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, Karatzias, Thanos, Hyland, Philip, Charak, Ruby, Vang, Maria Louison, Shevlin, Mark, Ben-Ezra, Menachem, Karatzias, Thanos, and Hyland, Philip

Abstract

Traumatic event exposure has been associated with negative psychological outcomes. There is, however, a dearth of research on revictimization. The current study examined patterns of lifetime interpersonal victimization based on six types of childhood maltreatment, physical and sexual assault, and assault with a weapon during adulthood via latent class analysis (LCA), with gender as covariate. Using a three-step approach, we assessed differences across the latent classes in symptoms and diagnosis of depression, anxiety, and DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A trauma-exposed adult sample representative of the United Kingdom population (N = 1,051) was recruited online through a research panel. The mean participant age 47.18 years (SD = 15.00, range: 18–90 years; 68.4% female). The LCA identified five classes: lifetime polyvictimization (8.3%; 69.5% female), sexual revictimization (13.7%; 96.5% female), physical revictimization (12.5%; 1.5% male), childhood trauma (25.9%; 85.6% female), and limited victimization (39.7%; 40.3% female). Compared to the other classes, the polyvictimization class, followed by the childhood trauma class, demonstrated the highest scores on anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The polyvictimization class had nearly a nine- to 33-fold increase in risk of depression, OR = 9.48, 95% CI [3.34, 26.87]; anxiety, OR = 12.10, 95% CI [5.36, 27.36]; and PTSD diagnoses, OR = 33.63, 95% CI [16.35, 69.43], compared to the limited victimization class. The findings facilitate the identification of individuals at risk for revictimization and indicate that evidence-based clinical interventions should be targeted toward those with exposure to revictimization and childhood trauma exposure to alleviate mental health challenges.

Published
2020

40. International Trauma Questionnaire--Danish Version

Author

Vang, Maria Louison, primary, Dokkedahl, Sarah Bøgelund, additional, Løkkegaard, Sille Schandorph, additional, Jakobsen, Anne Vagner, additional, Møller, Lise, additional, Auning-Hansen, Mikkel Albrecht, additional, and Elklit, Ask, additional

Published
2021
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45. The distribution of psychosis, ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD symptoms among a trauma-exposed UK general population sample

Author

Frost, Rachel, Vang, Maria Louison, Karatzias, Thanos, Hyland, Philip, Shevlin, Mark, Frost, Rachel, Vang, Maria Louison, Karatzias, Thanos, Hyland, Philip, and Shevlin, Mark

Abstract

Background: Co-occurrence of psychosis and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been demonstrated, but the ICD-11 marks a significant divergence in the formulation of PTSD with a focus on the core symptoms and the addition of complex PTSD (CPTSD). Objective: To evaluate the distribution of psychosis and traumatic stress symptoms using the ICD-11 conceptualisation of PTSD and CPTSD. Method: A latent class analysis was conducted on psychosis symptoms, PTSD and CPTSD among a random adult sample from the UK general population with a history of traumatic events (N = 1,051). Results: Six classes were identified; a low-symptom class, a PTSD-class, a CPTSD-class, a class characterized by disturbances in self-organization alone as well as two classes characterized by CPTSD and various levels of psychosis symptom endorsement. Cumulative childhood adversity predicted membership of the PTSD, CPTSD and comorbid classes in a dose-response manner with the strongest effects observed for classes characterised by comorbid symptoms. Conclusion: The present study confirms the co-occurrence of psychosis symptoms and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Psychosis symptoms did not emerge in isolation from traumatic stress symptoms, underpinning the need for a greater recognition of psychosis symptoms as part of the broader clinical picture among trauma-exposed populations.

Published
2019

47. Gender fairness in self-efficacy? A Rasch-based validity study of the General Academic Self-efficacy scale (GASE)

Author

Nielsen, Tine, Dammeyer, Jesper, Vang, Maria Louison, Makransky, Guido, Nielsen, Tine, Dammeyer, Jesper, Vang, Maria Louison, and Makransky, Guido

Abstract

Studies have reported gender differences in academic self-efficacy. However, how and if academic self-efficacy questionnaires are gender-biased has not been psychometrically investigated. The psychometric properties of a general version of The Physics Self-Efficacy Questionnaire – the General Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (GASE) – were analyzed using Rasch measurement models, with data from 1018 Danish university students (psychology and technical), focusing on gender invariance and the sufficiency of the score. The short 4-item GASE scale was found to be essentially objective and construct valid and satisfactorily reliable, though differential item functioning was found relative to gender and academic discipline, and can be used to assess students’ general academic self-efficacy. Research on gender and self-efficacy needs to take gender into account and equate scores appropriately for unbiased analysis within academic disciplines.

Published
2018

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