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This research study aims to formulate, prepare and evaluate transdermal drug delivery system for the purpose of controlled release of Amlodipine Bebesylate as a model drug using different polymers as a rate controlling membraneamlodipine undergoes first pass metabolism and also has easy permeability through skin therefore transdermal system of Amlodipine Bebesylate can be developed. The transdermal patches for the delivery were prepared by evaporation method i.e., solvent evaporation method. A matrix-type amlodipine besylate transdermal drug delivery system was prepared using novel polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and Carbopol P 934 as a rate controlling or rate limiting membrane which delivers the drug or releases the therapeutic drugin controlled and a predetermined manner and rate. The formula for the transdermal patch was optimized using the experimental design. On the basis of the Data from drug release studies and the drug content the optimized batch was found to be F14 showing 80.1% of drug release and 95.62% of drug content. The patches were also evaluated forvarious evaluation parameters such as thickness uniformity,weight variation, moisture content determination, hygroscopicity &tensile strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited water solubility and dissolution of drugs classified under the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II category provide constraints on their oral bioavailability. In the present study, a self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) was employed to enhance the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of toremifene, which belongs to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II category. The selection of Oleic Acid, Transcutol-P, and Span 20 as the oil, surfactant combination, and cosurfactant, respectively, was based on the solubility. The optimal composition (Oleic Acid / Transcutol-P / Span 20 in a volume ratio) for toremifene, which exhibits a small droplet size (132.1 nm) and consistent microemulsification was determined by the use of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were employed to identify the loss of crystallinity in lyophilized toremifene. The results indicated that toremifene existed in a molecularly dissolved or amorphous state inside the SMEDDS formulation. The saturation solubility and dissolving rate of toremifene -SMEDDS exhibited significant enhancements compared to toremifene powder when tested in water, simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The female rats exhibited a 1.94-fold increase in the area under the curve and a 1.80-fold increase in the highest plasma concentration following the oral administration of toremifene-SMEDDS compared to the oral administration of the toremifene dispersion. In summary, the findings of our study suggest that self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have promise as an oral formulation for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of toremifene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phrase "bench to beside" are commonly used for colon drug delivery systems, by utilizing as a model drug. NPs were prepared by using Poly-acrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti (PAAm-g-Gg), which is pH sensitive.PAAm-g-Gg was synthesized by free radical polymerization. How ever, there is an explanation transitional between bench and the beside involving governmental regulatory such as by the Food And Drug Administration(FDA) in the united states (U S)FT-IR and DSC studies of the prepared NPs indicated no chemical change of in the hydrogel NPs. The prepared hydrogel NPs showed mean diameters in the range of 237 ± 0.54 nm to 1058 ± 0.99 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the drug was found to be 39.18% to 47.84%. The suitability of the polyacrylamide grafted gum ghatti hydrogel NPs for the release of Methotrexate was studied by in vitro release at pH 1.2 and 7.4. It was observed that, there was no significant amount of drug release in gastric pH and 97.28% of drug release at pH 7.4 for formulation F5 at the end of 12 hrs. Based on result formulation F5 was considered as the best formulation and further evaluated for stability studies and characterized for surface morphology using SEM.and the stability study data indicated no significant change in the drug content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) that are characterized by idiopathic chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Prolonged inflammation results in damage to the GI tract Both UC and CD are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract; in UC, inflammation occurs in the large intestine (colon) and the rectum and generally extends proximally in a continuous manner through the entire colon. Bloody diarrhea, presence of blood and mucus mixed with stool, accompanied by lower abdominal cramping, are the characteristic symptoms of the disease. Inflammation is present only in the innermost layer of the lining of the colon, While in CD, inflammatory condition may affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus, and most often it affects the portion of the small intestine before the large intestine/colon. Inflammation may reach through the multiple layers of the walls of the GI tract and it mainly causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss. Although the basic etiology of Inflammatory bowel disease is unknown, so that there are various factors that may be contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease, such as dysregulation of immune system or commensal bacteria, oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, ethnicity, smoking and others. These models represent a major source of information about biological systems and are clinically relevant to the IBD. Since there is less collective data available in one single article discussing about all these models, in this review describes the current conceptualization, evidence, progress and direction surrounding the association of environmental factors and other disease-related complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the present investigation was to optimize and evaluate mucoadhesive microspheres of domperidone by using Orifice-ionic gelation technique. Domperidone through its conventional dosage form such as tablet and suspension to give poor oral bioavailability (18%) due to extensive first pass effect, where as on rapid I.V.injection it has been shown to cause cardiac arrhythmiasis. In the present research work an attempt has been made to design efficacious and prolong release mucoadhesive microspheres of domperidone by using chitosan polymer to avoid first pass metabolism, to reduce dosing frequency, patient complaience and improve bioavailability.The formulation was found to be efficient with good recovery yield and percent drug entrapment which conventional the drug release i.e. 87.35 ± 1.67 % at the end of 12 hours. This study was shows that ionic gelation microspheres have promising properties for use as mucoadhesive nasal carrier of an antiemetic drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which investigated the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) in diabetic wounds in India. Involved in the study were diabetic patients with lower limb wounds. Research findings are presented that include the presence of MDRBs in lower limb wounds of diabetic patients and bacteria isolated from wounds were resistant to several antibiotics.

Context: It is well-known that subjects with diabetes resulting from tropical chronic pancreatitis are prone to diabetic microvascular complications (neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy). However, macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, stroke and peripheral vessel disease) are rare, as these subjects are younger, leaner and have lower cholesterol levels., Case Report: We report the case of a 51-year-old male who had tropical chronic pancreatitis, diabetes and severe peripheral vessel disease with gangrene. He was lean, had borderline lipid levels and was normotensive. His ECG was normal., Conclusions: Peripheral vascular disease can occur in these diabetic subjects, even without additional risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. All subjects with tropical chronic pancreatitis and diabetes should have a complete foot examination once a year, in addition to screening for other vascular complications.