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In the reaction of 3-aminothymoquinone and aromatic aldehydes, two benzoxazole derivatives viz. 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (1) and 2-(4- trifluoromethyl)-4-methyl 7-isopropyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (2) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared and 1 H, and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Proteus hauseri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Clostridium sporogenes and Bacillus subtilis was tested. Synthesized compounds show the best activity on Sarcina lutea, and the lowest against Proteus hauseri and Clostridium sporogenes. The paper assesses in silico methods of the possible ways selected derivatives bind to the enzyme deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase (1KZN). The docking results were compared with those obtained from in vitro antimicrobial activity. Molecular properties and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters were also calculated for compounds. The difference in the obtained values reflects differences in the derivatives structures. In the future, tests on a number of enzymes crucial for bacterial life as well as a number of derivatives may offer further information on the mechanisms of action of these substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4’ position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 and 4.1 µmol L−1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 µmol L–1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line with IC50 of 4.2 µmol L–1. Analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the trifluormethyl derivative were performed with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The most potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations in order to analyse bindings to molecular targets and, at the same time, further support the results of experimental cytotoxic tests. Docking studies showed sites of importance in forming hydrogen bonds of the most potent compounds with targets of interest.

For some synthesized coumarin derivatives, 1H and 13C NMR isotropic chemical shifts and some other molecular properties were calculated using density functional theory. The calculations yield reliable results, that are in good correlation with experimental data. This is a good basis for the collaboration between experimentalists and quantum chemists.

Background: Currently, used oral antiplatelet drugs are both limited and associated with the risk of treatment failure/resistance. Research in this area is hence highly desired. A series of xanthene-3-ones derivatives, we had synthesized, showed us that these derivatives had antiplatelet activity. As far as we know, no research on the effects of xanthen-3-ones in this area has been done., Objective: The aim was to study the antiplatelet potential of a series of synthesised 9-phenylxanthene- 3-ones and to find the ideal structural feature(s) for antiplatelet potential and determine the mechanism of action., Methods: The compounds were synthesized from 1,2,4-triacetoxybenzene and various benzaldehydes. The reaction proceeded smoothly under acidic alcoholic conditions, furnishing the desired products in good yields. The compounds were first screened in whole human blood where platelet aggregation was induced by arachidonic acid. Further analysis was targeted at search of the mechanism of action., Results: Initial screening showed that a majority of the synthesized derivatives had substantial antiplatelet potential. None of the compounds were able to block cyclooxygenase 1 or thromboxane synthase. The mechanism appeared to be based on antagonism of thromboxane effects. The most potent compound 9-(4'-dimethylaminophenyl)-2,6,7-trihydroxy-xanthene-3-one had better potential to block collagen induced platelet aggregation than clinically used acetylsalicylic acid., Conclusion: The last mentioned derivative is promising for further in vivo testing., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)