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Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the absence of a pattern of use or not of vitamin D in osteoporotic patients by health authorities, vitamin D remains widely prescribed by doctors. This dissonance can give rise to inappropriate prescriptions. This study made it possible to take stock of the prescription of vitamin D in patients taking anti-osteoporotic drugs in Occitanie, as well as to evaluate the prescription methods for cholecalciferol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To systematically evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure. Search multiple databases to find randomized controlled trials of vitamin D for chronic heart failure from the self-built database until September 1, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 and Stata15.0 software. Eighteen articles were included. Vitamin D supplementation has improved left ventricular ejection fraction [WMD = 3.18%, 95%CI (1.07, 5.3), P < 0.05] and 6-minute walking distance [MD = −11.54, 95%CI (−22,215, −0.871), P < 0.05], has decreased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [MD = −1.67, 95%CI (−2.88, −0.46), P < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic volume [MD = −11.94, 95%CI (−20.59, −3.29), P < 0.05], N-terminal forebrain natriuretic peptide [WMD = −0.7, 95%CI (0.24, 1.16), P < 0.05]. Vitamin D supplementation can improve cardiac function, inhibit ventricular remodeling, and increase exercise endurance inpatients with chronic heart failure. 202440032. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has affected over 387 million patients globally, expected to reach 592 million by the end of 2035. It is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by either insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or both. Materials and Methods: The present study was designed to estimate the levels of different bone markers; serum Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, and calcium in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM). The study was conducted on patients aged 20–50 years diagnosed with T2DM, who were attending the outpatient/inpatient department of internal medicine. Results: The levels of calcium were decreased in the patients with diabetes and also the study proved a negative correlation between calcium and random plasma glucose (RPG). There was a significant negative correlation between RPG and serum 25(OH)D3. Conclusion: We conclude that Vitamin D insufficiency is frequent in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. Sunshine exposure daily for 15 min on the face and hands is necessary to elevate the sunlight Vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential to the body's functioning and to life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. Deficiency or excess of fat-soluble vitamins is responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. The fact that the functions performed by these vitamins are both ubiquitous and vital explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness. Some syndromes are typical of a deficiency in fat-soluble vitamins, such as: the combination of ophthalmological and immunity impairment in the case of vitamin A; a haemorrhagic syndrome and osteopenia in the case of vitamin E; and osteomalacia, muscular weakness, even falls, and rickets in the case of vitamin D. Diagnosis of a deficiency in one of the fat-soluble vitamins is based on blood tests, which are not always essential for routine use. In this case, a therapeutic test may be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. The ubiquitous and vital nature of the functions performed by these vitamins explains the wide variety of clinical manifestations and their potential seriousness, particularly in cases of deficiency, but also in cases of excess or hypervitaminosis. We present here the main symptoms of hypervitaminosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, are molecules with no energy value that are essential for the body to function and for life. Their intake is almost exclusively exogenous, i.e. dietary. As a result, deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins are rarer in industrialised countries than in countries with limited resources. However, even in the latter, certain groups of individuals are affected, such as newborns or growing children, pregnant or breast-feeding women and elderly or isolated subjects. Vitamin A, D, E and K deficiencies are also relatively common in people with digestive tract disorders, in patients suffering from chronic pathologies or in intensive care patients. Deficiencies or excesses of fat-soluble vitamins are responsible for a variety of more or less specific clinical symptoms. Treatment of deficiencies requires vitamin supplementation, a well-balanced diet and treatment of the cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of vitamin D in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (AVTIs) are contradictory. This study aimed to evaluate the level of evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing IVRA by performing a sensitivity analysis of the meta-analysis carried out by Jolliffe et al., published in 2021, using the "Rebuild" method. the Evidence Base" (REB). Methods: The primary endpoint was the number of people who contracted at least one IVRA, including upper and lower IVRA. Only RCTs with low risk of bias were included. A hypothetico-deductive analysis was performed to determine whether the results of the RCTs were confirmatory or exploratory. Then, the REB method was used to determine the level of evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing IVRA. Results: The main meta-analysis included 25 RCTs with low risk of bias and involved 41,847 people. No significant difference was observed between groups in the number of patients with at least one IVRA (RR = 0.98). Conclusion: According to the REB method, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing IVRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les recommandations sur la supplémentation en vitamine D et les apports calciques en population pédiatrique générale ont été actualisées en 2022. En voici les messages principaux : supplémentation pour tous les enfants de 0 à 18 ans, disparition de l'ajustement en fonction du type d'allaitement et de la couleur de peau de 0 à 2 ans, préférence à la supplémentation quotidienne (mais porte laissée ouverte à la supplémentation intermittente), identification de 4 facteurs de risque nécessitant un doublement des doses (obésité, peau foncée, absence d'exposition solaire et régime végétalien), et enfin nécessité de prescrire de la vitamine D sous forme médicament et non sous forme de complément alimentaire. Des situations spécifiques ont également été discutées : grands prématurés, enfants à risque de surdosage/carence, et enfants des DOM-TOM. Les recommandations insistent aussi sur l'importance des apports en calcium : en effet, il ne sert à rien d'amener de la vitamine D sans calcium (et vice versa). Alors qu'une grande partie de la population pédiatrique est carencée en calcium, les recommandations reprennent aussi les apports recommandés en calcium par jour en fonction de l'âge, et les différentes sources de calcium alimentaire : l'absorption du calcium est 7 fois meilleure pour les produits laitiers et les eaux minérales riches en calcium (par comparaison au calcium d'origine végétale), ce dont il faut tenir compte chez les enfants suivant des régimes végétaliens. Enfin, la promotion de l'activité physique, pour optimiser le pic de masse osseuse et pour prévenir l'obésité, devrait être un sujet quotidien du pédiatre. French guidelines for vitamin D supplementation and calcium intakes in general pediatric populations were updated in 2022. Here are the main messages: supplementation for all children from 0 to 18 years, elimination of adjustment for breastfeeding type and skin color from 0 to 2 years, preference for daily supplementation (but intermittent supplementation still possible), identification of 4 risk factors requiring a doubling of doses (i.e., obesity, dark skin, lack of sun exposure and vegan diet), and eventually, the need to prescribe vitamin D as a drug and not as a food supplement. Specific situations were also discussed: premature neonates, children at risk of overdose/deficiency, and children in French overseas territories. The recommendations also stress out the importance of nutritional calcium intake: indeed, there is no point in providing vitamin D without calcium (and vice versa). While a large proportion of the pediatric population is deficient in calcium, the recommendations also suggest daily calcium intakes according to age, and remind that calcium absorption depends on the source of dietary calcium: absorption is 7 times better for dairy products and calcium-rich mineral waters (compared with calcium from plant sources), a fact to keep in mind especially for children following vegan diets. Last, promoting physical activity to optimize peak bone mass and to prevent obesity should also be a daily concern for pediatricians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To determine the status of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients with severe obesity who undergo and not undergo gastric bypass (GB); and analyzed their correlation with the degree of obesity and fat mass. Cross-sectional study in 34 patients, analyzed in two groups: a) patients who not undergo GB and b) patients who did undergo GB. Height, weight, BMI, body composition, % excess weight loss (EWL) and % total weight loss (TWL) were determinate. 25(OH)D level was categorized according to the Endocrine Society criteria. Mean age was of 37.24 ± 5.83 vs 40.82 ± 9.03 years (P = 0.021) and BMI of 44.92 ± 8.63 vs 31.28 ± 5.60 kg/m2 (P = 0.001) in patients who did not undergo GB and underwent GB respectively. Patients who underwent GB showed decreased levels of 25(OH)D: 14.04 ± 10.42 ng/mL vs patients without surgery 31.95 ± 31.00 ng/mL (P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 70% patients having GB vs 59% patients without surgery (P < 0.05). Of all patients with GB, 35% were diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism vs 29% of those without GB (P = 0.492). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were disclosed a significant inverse relationship with the % TWL after surgery, but not with weight, BMI and fat mass. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in patients with severe obesity and patients who did undergo GB. The major determinant of low levels of 25(OH)D was % TWL after surgery. Hyperparathyroidism did not indicate vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dit onderzoek laat zien dat de verpleeghuisarts een belangrijke taak heeft in de preventie, diagnostiek en behandeling van osteoporose bij ouderen die ter revalidatie worden opgenomen in het verpleeghuis. Bij 96 patiënten met een status na heupoperatie (door fractuur of coxartrose) werd onderzoek verricht naar vitamine-D deficiëntie en calcium-inname. Hiervan had 36% een vitamine-D deficiëntie (vitamine-D < 30nmol/l) en 68% een te lage calcium-inname via de voeding (dagelijkse intake

The therapeutic decision whether or not to systematically supplement vitamin D in all children aged 0 to 5 years is a question that remains difficult to answer. In France, a multicenter epidemiological study shows that rickets is not very prevalent even though compliance with vitamin D intake is not known and can be considered imperfect because it is restrictive. Children under 5 with pigmented skin, immigrants or adopted children, as well as those exclusively breastfed are at risk of deficiency rickets. A better knowledge of the risk factors could make it possible to define a priority target population for supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of vitamin D supplementation and water exercise on cardiometabolic profile in women with type 2 diabetes. Forty women with type 2 diabetes participated in this study voluntarily and randomly divided to four groups: 1) vitamin D+ water exercise, 2) vitamin D, 3) water exercise, and 4) control groups. Water exercise groups (groups 1 and 3) performed 3 sessions of water training per week during 8 weeks (15 minutes of warm-up, 45 to 60 minutes of main activity with a Borg scale of 14 and 10 minutes of cooling). Vitamin D groups (groups 1 and 2) received 50,000 (IU) vitamin D supplements once a week. Levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA 1c), C- reactive protein (CRP) levels, as well as lipid profile were measured before and after intervention. Insulin resistance was also obtained by calculating HOMA-IR. Weight, waist circumference, and body fat mass were significantly decreased after intervention in Vitamin D+ water exercise group (P = 0.001, 0.032, and 0.013 respectively), as well as CRP, glycemic and lipid profile were significantly improved after intervention in water exercise group. The results of the present study showed that water exercise plus vitamin D supplementation had synergism beneficial effects on anthropometric indices and lipid and glycemic status of type 2 diabetic patients and can be used as a non-pharmacological and non-invasive method to improving these mentioned parameters of type 2 diabetes. IRCT20201223049811N1, data of registration: 12.01.2021; https://en.irct.ir/trial/53230. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose It is known that vitamin D deficiency has a role in the formation of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many types of cancer and heart diseases. This study was conducted to demonstrate the role of vitamin D in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the patients who applied to Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital endocrinology outpatient clinic between the ages of 16 and 50 were evaluated with ultrasonographically consistent with chronic thyroiditis, serologically antibody positive (anti T, anti M), euthyroid, body mass index (BMI) 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, in this study, it was seen that there may be a relationship between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency. Since vitamin D levels were found to be deficient in the control group, a clear interpretation cannot be made regarding the correlation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and vitamin D deficiency based on the findings of this study. We hope that our study will be helpful for further studies that will investigate the relationship between autoimmune thyroid diseases and vitamin D deficiency.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of light on the amount of 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D] in the processed serums of the participants that have been referred to the diagnostic lab (King Diagnostic Laboratory) which process tests for around 150 collection sites around ErbiL, Iraq. Scientists and researchers have declared a strong association between vitamin D status and various health issues. Many studies have now shifted to the interaction among/between genes and environment that impact different illnesses correlated with vitamin D. During the periods between 01/April/2020 till 01/April/2021, the total number of cases (N = 5800) of vitamin D content detection in serum have been performed. However, this investigation found that there was a high deficiency (%) in vitamin D levels (nearly 80 %) among the participants contributed to our study and data analysis revealed that they had 25-(OH) D levels very less at 20 μg/L concentration. The amount of vitamin D levels did not vary about with respect to gender and no statistical significance between female and male participants were observed (P > 0.05), moreover, the variation in the group that was subjected to light differed significiantly (P > 0.05). The present research work reveals that there is a significant variation in the use of dark and light collection and testing tube in the process of detecting serum vitamin D levels.

The article offers information on the historical context of rickets and vitamin D supplementation. Topics include the early signs of rickets observed in prehistoric bone and dental remains, the development of rickets in the ancient Roman population due to urbanization and impoverishment, and the emergence of clinical descriptions in the 17th century, particularly in impoverished London neighborhoods.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that causes disability in the nervous system, which reduces the quality of life (QoL). Studies have shown positive effects of therapeutic exercise with supplementation on motor- and cognitive function, fatigue, and QoL in individuals with MS. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of home-based aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation on fatigue and QoL in patients with MS during the COVID-19 outbreak. We recruited 40 females (20–40 years) with MS (EDSS: 3–5). The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of four groups: AT (n = 9; 50–75 percent, 20–40 minutes per day, three days per week), Vit D supplementation (Vit D; n = 9; 50,000 IU one day per week), AT plus Vit D supplementation (AT + Vit D; n = 10), and sedentary control (C; n = 10 placebo). The data were analyzed using paired t -test and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test using SPSS 26 at a significance level of P < 0.05. After eight weeks of intervention, fatigue grade markedly reduced in the AT + Vit D, AT, and Vit D groups); However, fatigue increased in the control group. QoL increased significantly in AT + Vit D, AT, and Vit D compared to C. Also, the results show that the AT + Vit D had significantly higher QoL than AT and Vit D. These findings suggest that therapeutic AT and Vit D supplementation effectively reduces fatigue and improves the QoL in female MS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire reste la principale complication du métabolisme minéral et osseux des patients insuffisants rénaux chroniques. En cas de résistance au traitement médical (vitamine D native et active, calcium et calcimimétiques), la parathyroïdectomie chirurgicale est indiquée. Le but de cette étude rétrospective est de montrer l'évolution de l'incidence et des résultats de la parathyroïdectomie chirurgicale dans notre centre entre 1980 et 2020, alors que les caractéristiques des patients, les stratégies diagnostiques et thérapeutiques ont changé. Nous avons collecté les données des patients dialysés ayant eu une première parathyroïdectomie chirurgicale entre 2000 et 2020 (période 2) dans le même service de chirurgie et les avons comparées à des données historiques de patients opérés entre 1980 et 1999 (période 1) dans un autre centre. Au cours de la période 1, 53 parathyroïdectomies chirurgicales ont été réalisées (2,78/an, de 0 à 5, 8,5/1000 patients-année) vs 56 parathyroïdectomies chirurgicales pendant la période 2 (2,8/an, 0 à 9, 8/1000 patients-année). Les patients des 2 périodes étaient comparables en dehors de l'ancienneté en dialyse, plus grande dans la période 1 (149 ± 170 vs 89 ± 94 mois ; p = 0,02). En comparaison avec la population des dialysés du centre de la même période, les patients ayant eu une parathyroïdectomie chirurgicale sont plus jeunes, plus anciens en dialyse, moins souvent diabétiques, mais plus souvent porteurs d'une glomérulopathie ou d'une polykystose. Réalisée systématiquement dans la période 2, l'échographie cervicale a identifié au moins une glande visible dans 78,6 % des cas, alors que la scintigraphie, faite seulement dans 66 % des cas, retrouvait au moins une glande dans 81 % des cas. L'évolution biologique à 12 mois montre une hormone parathyroïdienne > 300 pg/mL dans 30 % des patients dans la période 1 vs 5,3 % dans la période 2, signant l'échec ou la récidive précoce. Une hypoparathyroïdie était plus fréquente dans la période 2 (35,7 vs 18,8 %). Les complications chirurgicales étaient plus nombreuses dans la période 1. Malgré les progrès thérapeutiques et stratégiques, l'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire sévère reste toujours aussi fréquente. Elle est favorisée par des cibles d'hormone parathyroïdienne trop élevées, une prévention suboptimale avant la dialyse et la mauvaise tolérance des calcimimétiques. La parathyroïdectomie chirurgicale est efficace et sûre dans notre expérience, entre les mains d'une équipe spécialisée avec un bilan échographique et scintigraphique préopératoire. Secondary hyperparathyroidism remains the main complication of mineral and bone metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. In case of resistance to medical treatment (native and active vitamin D, calcium and calcimimetics), surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated. The aim of this retrospective study is to show the evolution of the incidence and results of surgical parathyroidectomy in our center between 1980 and 2020 as patient characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have changed. We collected data from dialysis patients who had a first surgical parathyroidectomy between 2000 and 2020 (period 2) in the same surgical department and compared them with historical data between 1980 and 1999 (period 1) operated in one other center. In period 1, 53 surgical parathyroidectomy were performed (2.78/year, 0 to 5, 8.5/1000 patients-year) vs.56 surgical parathyroidectomy in period 2 (2.8/year, 0 to 9, 8/1000 patients-year). The patients of the 2 periods were comparable except for the higher dialysis vintage in period 1 (149 ± 170 vs.89 ± 94 months; P = 0.02). In comparison with dialysis patients not requiring surgical parathyroidectomy during the same period, patients who had surgical parathyroidectomy were younger, had higher dialysis vintage and lower diabetes prevalence, but more frequently carriers of glomerulopathy or polycystosis. Systematically performed in period 2, cervical ultrasound identified at least one visible gland in 78.6% of cases while the scintigraphy, performed only in 66% of cases, found at least one gland in 81% of cases. Twelve months after surgery, PTH > 300 pg/mL (marker of secondary hyperparathyroidism recurrence or surgery failure) was present in 30% of patients in period 1 vs. 5.3% in period 2. Hypoparathyroidism was also more frequently observed in period 2 (35.7 vs. 18.8%). Surgical complications were also higher in period 1. Despite therapeutic and strategic advances, severe secondary hyperparathyroidism is still as common as ever. It is favored by excessively high PTH targets, by suboptimal prevention before dialysis and poor tolerance of calcimimetics. The surgical parathyroidectomy is effective and safe in the hands of a specialized team with an ultrasound and scintigraphic preoperative assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D plays a major role in phosphocalcic metabolism: intestinal absorption of calcium and fixation of calcium in the bone. Deficiency causes rickets in children and adolescents and osteomalacia or osteopenia in adults. For the past twenty years, associated with taking calcium, it has been widely prescribed to the elderly and postmenopausal women as part of the prevention of osteoporosis, sometimes in combination with other drugs. More recently, other virtues have been found to encourage frequent dosages and supplements: prevention in the development of certain infectious diseases, certain autoimmune diseases or diseases with an autoimmune component, metabolic syndrome in children and in adults, type 2 diabetes, possible role in cell differentiation in relation to the appearance of certain cancers. But recent data encourage us to remain cautious. What about bone and muscle health? Is there a link with cardiovascular risk? How to prescribe? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem and approaches that consider Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) can bring new perspectives of solution. About 80% of the amount of vitamin D that the body needs is produced endogenously through exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. The average UVB exposure in urban areas will depend in part on the local climate and the amount of cover and types of trees. The study analyzed the association between green areas and vitamin D levels. A sample of 101 women aged 35 years and over, living in the city of Araraquara, Brazil, was analyzed. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated as an indicator of exposure to green areas, being defined as the surrounding residential vegetation. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between residential vegetation index and vitamin D status. A statistically significant positive association was observed between exposure to below-median residential surrounding vegetation index and prevalence of insufficient levels of 25(HO)D (P=0,03). The study shows that lower levels of residential green are associated with a higher prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. NbS approaches contribute to a better understanding of suitable environments for achieving good levels of vitamin D, avoiding the need for pharmaceutical supplementation of the nutrient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il est connu depuis longtemps que l’environnement influence l’asthme par effets des allergènes, des irritants et de la pollution atmosphérique sur l’arbre bronchique. De nouveaux facteurs sont de plus en plus décrits dans l’apparition ou l’aggravation de l’asthme mais peu rechercher en pratique. L’environnement interne domestique ou professionnel, dont lequel nous passons plus de temps peut contribuer à l’apparition ou l’aggravation d’un asthme. Cet environnement est complexe. Il est composé d’allergènes, de produits chimiques, de gaz, d’animaux et de produits électriques. Ces facteurs peuvent majorer l’inflammation bronchique et entrainant ainsi un non contrôle de l’asthme. Par ailleurs, en raison du changement du mode de vie, on est moins exposé au soleil ; Ce qui favorise le déficit en vitamine D, qui va majorer l’inflammation bronchique et le risque d’infections respiratoires. La conséquence sera l’augmentation de la fréquence des exacerbations et du non contrôle de l’asthme. Tout récemment, les chercheurs ont démontré l’implication de tous ces facteurs environnementaux dans la perturbation du microbiome respiratoire nécessaire dans la régulation de l’inflammation bronchique.

In developing countries, deficiency rickets are the main cause of rickets. In Senegal, there are no national guidelines for vitamin D supplementation. The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile, diagnosis and prognosis of rickets in children. This was a retrospective study carried out over 7 years and included all children under 15 years of age who were being followed for rickets. During this period, 13 cases of rickets were collected, representing 3.1% of endocrine pathologies (dysthyroidism, puberty disorders, growth disorders, sexual development abnormalities, diabetes) and 0.4%of hospitalizations. The M/F sex ratio was 0.8. The age range [6 months-2 years] was the most representative 46.1%. The mean age at diagnosis was 2 years [6 months-5 years]. More than 4 out of 5 children (84.6%) were breastfed in their first 6 months of life. Skeletal abnormalities and gait disorders were the main clinical signs. Blood calcium was low in 76.9 % and blood phosphorus in 92.3 %. Blood vitamin D3 was low in 100% of cases with a mean of 13.2 ng/mL. The rickets were either deficiency rickets (46.1%), vitamin resistant type 2 rickets (38.5 %) or rickets secondary to chronic renal disease (15.4%). Deficiency rickets remains the main cause of rickets in our country, especially in infants. There is a need to implement national guidelines for routine vitamin D supplementation and to raise awareness of good dietary practices on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La vitamine D, de plus en plus demandée à l'officine et de plus en plus prescrite, pourrait être un atout dans le traitement de la Covid-19 en diminuant la mortalité ou la sévérité de l'affection. Son potentiel effet immunomodulateur est actuellement étudié par de nombreuses équipes internationales de chercheurs. Vitamin D, which is increasingly in demand in pharmacies and increasingly prescribed, could be an asset in the treatment of Covid-19 by reducing mortality or the severity of the condition. Its potential immunomodulatory effect is currently being studied by numerous international teams of researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess vitamin D, folate, vitamin B 12 , and iron status in Old Order Anabaptist (OOA) pregnant/postpartum women. Methods: Blood was analyzed for plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), red blood cell (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B 12 , and iron status indicators. Dietary intakes (food and supplements) from 3-day estimated records were compared to Dietary Reference Intakes and Canada's Food Guide (2007). Results: Fifty women participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Concentrations of 25(OH)D were low (<50 nmol/L for 20% and < 75 nmol/L for 63%); 42% had total vitamin D intakes < estimated average requirement (EAR). All women had RBC folate above the 1360 mmol/L cut-off. Nineteen percent had folate intakes upper limit. One woman had low serum vitamin B 12 (<148 pmol/L); serum vitamin B 12 was high (>652 pmol/L) for 24%. None had vitamin B 12 intakes 12 . These findings provide guidance to ensure appropriate dietary and supplement intakes in this potentially vulnerable and rarely studied population.

COVID-19 can lead to various complications, including severe respiratory symptoms. Both viral infections and total thyroidectomy are known to cause hypocalcemia, making a history of thyroidectomy a potential risk factor for hypocalcemia in COVID-19 patients. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with Graves' disease who developed hypocalcemia due to COVID-19 following a total thyroidectomy. The patient underwent an uneventful total thyroidectomy, with preservation of at least three of the four parathyroid glands. Postoperatively, her parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, and she was discharged without tetany. However, on postoperative day 90, she experienced mild hypocalcemia during a COVID-19 infection, although it was asymptomatic. By postoperative day 127, she presented with severe tetany and general malaise. Testing confirmed a reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and hypocalcemia, while PTH levels remained normal. Treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate, oral calcium lactate, and alfacalcidol effectively resolved the hypocalcemia and tetany. The patient was subsequently discharged without tetany and has since been monitored without the need for calcium or vitamin D supplementation. This case highlights that the COVID-19 infection following a total thyroidectomy can cause hypocalcemia. Postoperative hypocalcemia is a common issue in head and neck surgery, and viral infections like COVID-19 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Asahikawa Medical University Institutional Review Board issued approval 24077. The study was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Approval for data collection was obtained from the Asahikawa University Institutional Review Board (#24077). Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Inoue et al.)

INTRODUCTION : l’ostéomalacie est une ostéopathie raréfiante secondaire à un défaut de minéralisation de la trame osseuse. Son diagnostic est le plus souvent porté au stade de complications car ses manifestations sont diverses et souvent méconnues. But : Etudier les profils cliniques, biologiques et étiologiques de l’ostéomalacie. Méthodes: il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective colligeant tous les dossiers d’ostéomalacie hospitalisés entre Mai 2006 et Janvier 2014. Résultats: notre étude a inclus 30 cas d’ostéomalacie avec un âge moyen de 55 ans [29 ans - 82 ans]. Une nette prédominance féminine était notée avec un sexe ratio de 0.11. Tous nos patients avaient un régime hypo-calcique et une seule patiente avait un régime suffisant en vitamine D. Tous les patients présentaient des douleurs osseuses à l’examen et 80% d’entre eux présentaient un trouble de la marche. Les déformations ont été notées dans la moitié des cas. Sur le plan biologique, la baisse de la 25 OH vit D était constamment retrouvée suivie par l’augmentation des phosphatases alcalines (90%), alors que l’hypocalcémie et l’hypophosphorémie étaient présentes chez respectivement 46,6 et 50% des cas. La carence en vitamine D était la cause retenue dans la majorité des cas (86.6%). Une malabsorption a été notée dans 2 cas. Conclusion: a travers notre travail, nous avons mis en évidence plusieurs formes évoluées d’OM. Ceci impose un dépistage précoce et une enquête étiologique minutieuse.

• L'hyperparathyroïdie primaire est une maladie due à une sécrétion excessive et inappropriée d'hormone parathyroïdienne ayant pour conséquence une hypercalcémie et compliquée d'atteinte osseuse. • Le diagnostic de certitude est biologique. • Les formes normocalcémiques ont un retentissement osseux aussi important que les formes hypercalcémiques. • Le traitement de référence est chirurgical, seul traitement épargnant les fractures. • En cas de contre-indication à la chirurgie, les bisphosphonates sont possibles sans démonstration d'épargne fracturaire. L'hyperparathyroïdie primaire (HPP) est une maladie due à une sécrétion excessive et inappropriée d'hormone parathyroïdienne ayant pour conséquence une hypercalcémie. Elle est le plus souvent diagnostiquée fortuitement devant une hypercalcémie ou bien devant une complication, soit une ostéoporose, soit plus rarement une complication rénale avec lithiase. La présentation clinique est le reflet de l'hypercalcémie et de l'atteinte de plusieurs organes, principalement le système cardiovasculaire, l'os et le rein. La majorité des patients ayant une HPP sont cependant asymptomatiques. Le diagnostic est biologique, facile quand il y a augmentation de la calcémie et de l'hormone parathyroïdienne, plus difficile quand un de ces deux paramètres est normal. On ne retiendra le diagnostic d'HPP normocalcémique qu'après avoir écarté toutes les causes d'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire. L'imagerie parathyroïdienne ne fait pas le diagnostic, mais elle guide le chirurgien et écarte une anomalie thyroïdienne associée. Le traitement de référence est chirurgical, son indication repose sur la présence ou un risque de complications, c'est le seul traitement qui épargne les fractures. Les traitements médicaux n'ont que des effets limités sur les complications, ils sont réservés aux contre-indications à la chirurgie. Après chirurgie parathyroïdienne, on évitera l'utilisation des bisphosphonates qui semblent empêcher l'épargne fracturaire de la parathyroïdectomie. En l'absence d'indication opératoire, une surveillance biologique, osseuse et rénale sera établie. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Après 12 mois de circulation virale, le SARS-CoV-2 a infecté des millions de personnes dans le monde, faisant des centaines de milliers de morts. En l'absence de traitement curatif, préventif ou vaccinal efficace et accessible à ce jour contre le Covid-19, recourir à des médicaments déjà existants pourrait aider à enrayer la pandémie. La vitamine D est un candidat possible discuté dans de nombreuses publications. Des essais cliniques randomisés montrent que la supplémentation en vitamine D réduit significativement le risque d'infections respiratoires. Il existe également de nombreux arguments suggérant que l'hypovitaminose D constitue un facteur de risque indépendant (et facilement modifiable) des formes graves de Covid-19 et de mortalité par Covid-19. La supplémentation en vitamine D est une mesure simple, sans risque, peu coûteuse et remboursée par l'assurance maladie, qui est efficace pour corriger l'hypovitaminose D retrouvée chez 40 à 50 % de la population française et chez plus de 80 % des adultes atteints de Covid-19. Dans ce papier de position, nous proposons des schémas simples de supplémentation vitaminique D chez l'adulte en l'absence ou en cas de Covid-19. After 12 months of viral circulation, the SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people around the world, leaving hundreds of thousands dead. With the lack of effective therapy and vaccination against COVID-19, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Vitamin D is a possible candidate discussed in a high amount of publications. Randomized clinical trials show that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduces the risk of respiratory infections. There are also many evidences that hypovitaminosis D is an independent (and easily modifiable) risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19 and death. Vitamin D supplementation is a simple, safe and inexpensive measure, which is effective in correcting hypovitaminosis D found in 40-50% of the French population and in more than 80% of adults with COVID-19. In this position paper, we propose simple regimens (adapted to the pharmaceutical forms currently available in France) for vitamin D supplementation in adults with or without COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After orthopedic surgery, clinical outcomes are affected by comorbid cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and low 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-(OH)D). Myocardial function was suggested to be influenced by both the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the marker of endothelial dysfunction asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). We investigated TNFα and ADMA changes in association with serum levels of vitamin D and cardiac function in 47 older adults after major orthopedic surgery. Subjects were characterized for biochemical profiles and transthoracic echocardiographic measures. Assessments were done before and after the correction of hypovitaminosis D through a 6-month supplementation with calcifediol started at post-operative rehabilitation. The means serum levels of both TNFα and ADMA reduced from 1.39 ± 0.47 pg/mL to 1.30 ± 0.37 pg/mL (P < 0.05) and from 0.69 ± 0.05 μmol/L to 0.68 ± 0.04 μmol/L (P < 0.05), respectively. Significant treatment effects were observed for systolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), left ventricular ejection function (P < 0.01), global longitudinal strain (P < 0.0001), 25-(OH)D (P < 0.001), and calcemia (P < 0.001). After the normalization of low levels of vitamin D, we were able to observe a reduction of circulating TNFα and ADMA together with the amelioration of cardiac function. Even if our results suggest that vitamin D might exert cardiac effects indirectly through the decrease in cardio-inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, a better understanding of the precise molecular regulations should be better investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les infections respiratoires aiguës virales représentent une part importante de la morbidité et de la mortalité. La grippe, survenant par vagues épidémiques hivernales, continue d'être à l'origine de plusieurs centaines de milliers de décès chaque année. La pandémie, émergente, liée au nouveau coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (maladie COVID-19) constitue une forte crise sanitaire, accroissant la morbidité et la mortalité, avec un fort impact socio-économique. Les données autour de la vitamine D ont nettement augmenté ces dernières années. La connaissance de son rôle a progressé de manière considérable, passant d'une vitamine ayant un rôle essentiellement sur le métabolisme phosphocalcique et osseux à une hormone ayant une implication sur la « santé intégrale ». La vitamine D semble favoriser l'activation de la réponse immunitaire et limite les conséquences néfastes de l'immuno-pathologie induite par les agents pathogènes. Dans la littérature, des données probantes lient le déficit en vitamine D d'une part, à la susceptibilité aux infections virales aiguës et, d'autre part, à l'évolution plus défavorable de certaines infections chroniques. Cette revue examine les connaissances actuelles sur la vitamine D et son influence sur le risque des infections respiratoires (épidémies de grippe et pandémie COVID-19). Acute viral respiratory infections represent a large part of the morbidity and mortality. The influenza, which occurs in epidemics waves during the winter, continues to cause hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. The emerging pandemic of new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) reports an huge health crisis, increasing morbidity and mortality, with a strong socio-economic impact. The data around vitamin D has greatly increased in recent years. Knowledge of its role has advanced considerably, from a vitamin with a phosphocalcic and bone metabolism role to a hormone with an implication for "integral health". Vitamin D appears to stimulate the activation of the immune response and limit the destructive consequences of immunopathology induced by pathogens. In the literature, there is evidence linking vitamin D deficiency, on the one hand to susceptibility to acute viral infections and, on the other hand, to the more unfavorable evolution of chronic infections. This review examines current knowledge of vitamin D and its influence on the risk of respiratory infections (influenza epidemics and COVID-19 pandemic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the vitamin D levels of patients aged IS years and older who applied to the family medicine outpatient clinic according to sex, years, seasons and months. Material and Method: This descriptive study was carried out retrospectively based on the medical records of patients whose vitamin D levels were measured between 02.01.2015 and 31.12.2018. The patients were grouped according to year, season and month in which vitamin D level was measured. Data of 4902 patients were analyzed. Results: The median age of the patients was 28.0 (1QR: 21.0-42.0) years. 78.8% of the patients were female. The median vitamin D level of the patients was 13.4 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 76.4% and vitamin D insufficiency was found in 17.5% of the patients. Vitamin D was normal in only 6.1% of the patients. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in women than men (pcO.OOl). Vitamin D deficiency was the most common in the spring (84.5%, pcO.OOl). There was a significant difference between vitamin D levels by months (pcO.OOl). The month with the highest vitamin D deficiency was march with 88.7%. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency rates were found to be quite high in our study. People should be informed about how to benefit from sunlight, how often and how vitamin D-rich foods should be consumed. High risk individuals should be provided the recommended doses of vitamin D in order to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents a study that focuses on the emerging role of vitamin D in the treatment of Covid-19 virus. It mentions that vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risks of influenza virus infections, influenza, Sars-CoV-2, and mortality. It also mentions that prophylaxis targets deleterious conditions related to a deficiency vitamin D promoting the emergence morbidities such as rickets, osteoporosis and cancer.

La 25 hydroxy-vitamine D (25OHD) est la forme de réserve principale de la vitamine D. Des taux abaissés ont été rapportés chez les malades et même chez les femmes en bonne santé notamment dans les pays ensoleillés, particulièrement en Tunisie. Le but de ce travail était d'établir un intervalle de référence de la 25OHD chez la femme Tunisienne en bonne santé apparente. Étude transversale incluant des femmes Tunisiennes indemnes de toute pathologie. Chaque participante a bénéficié d'un interrogatoire, d'un examen clinique, d'une enquête alimentaire et d'un bilan phosphocalcique. L'intervalle de référence de la 25OHD a été déterminé selon les recommandations du Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Parmi 279 femmes acceptant de participer à l'étude, 21 ont été exclues pour hypocalcémie avec ou sans hyperparathyroïdie. 258 femmes ont été incluses d'âge moyen 41,29 ± 17,06 ans. 72 % des participantes étaient de phototype foncé contre 28 % de phototype clair. Aucune participante n'a atteint les apports alimentaires journaliers recommandés en 25OHD et en calcium. La moyenne de 25OHD était de 7,88 ± 6,08 ng/mL (IC 95 % : 7,06–8,7) ; ces valeur étaient plus basse chez les femmes de phototype foncé (p = 0,06) et chez celles portant des vêtements couvrants (p = 0,03). Différentes techniques existent sur le marché dont certaines sont standardisées. L'établissement des valeurs de référence doit tenir compte des efforts de standardisation de dosage par les sociétés savantes et de la supplémentation alimentaire en vitamine D. Total 25 Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is currently considered as the most representative metabolite of vitamine D status. Low levels of Vitamin D have been reported in many countries even in sunnier regions especially in Tunisia. We aimed to establish a Vitamin D reference range in healthy South Tunisian women, using electrochimiluminesence assay. Cross-sectional study has been conducted in the south of Tunisia including Tunisian healthy women. Each participant underwent a questionnaire, clinical examination, food survey and biological exploration. 25OHD reference range was determined according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 279 women accepted to participate in the study, 21 were excluded for hypocalcemia with/without hyperparathyroidism. 258 women were included with a mean age of 41,29 ± 17,06 years. 72% of participants were dark-skinned vs. 28% with a light phototype. No participants reached the recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium. The average of 25OHD was 7,88 ± 6,08 ng/mL (IC 95%: 7,06 et 8,7). 25OHD levels were lower in dark skinned (P = 0,06) and veiled women compared to others subgroups (P = 0,03). There are a multitude of challenges that still deserve to be addressed. Despite recent technologies advances, 25OHD assessment and standardization remains complicated and needs to be discussed with clinicians when establishing practical guidelines and diagnosis cutoffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'ostéodystrophie hépatique peut compliquer les hépatites virales chroniques. En Tunisie, l'étude des anomalies du métabolisme osseux dans ces cas est rare. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient d'évaluer l'atteinte osseuse et l'intérêt des marqueurs biologiques de remodelage osseux dans l'ostéodystrophie des hépatopathies chroniques virales B et C. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique. Nous avons inclus des patients atteints d'hépatopathies virales chroniques B et C compensées indemnes d'autres pathologies affectant le métabolisme osseux. Le bilan biologique a comporté la calcémie, la phosphorémie, les phosphatases alcalines, la parathormone, la vitamine D, l'ostéocalcine et le CTX urinaire. La densitométrie était mesurée au niveau du rachis et du fémur. L'étude statistique a été faite par SPSS 20.0. Quarante et un patients et 33 témoins ont été colligés (âge médian respectif : 51 et 44 ans). Une vitamine D basse était trouvée chez 97,6 % des patients (médiane = 8,6 ng/mL). Une hyperparathyroïdie a été notée chez neuf patients (22 %). L'ostéocalcine était basse chez 21 % des patients (médiane = 21,7 ng/mL). Le taux médian de CTX urinaire était de 204 μg/mmol de créatinine. Une masse osseuse basse était notée dans 70,7 % des cas (ostéoporose = 9,7 %, ostéopénie = 61 %). Aucune corrélation n'a été trouvée entre les paramètres de remodelage osseux et la densitométrie osseuse ainsi que l'activité de l'hépatopathie ou la fibrose. L'ostéodystrophie est très fréquente et doit être dépistée au cours des hépatopathies virales chroniques compensées indépendamment de l'activité ou de la fibrose. Le seul examen qui serait recommandé dans ce cas est l'ostéodensitométrie. Hepatic osteodystrophy may be a complication of chronic viral hepatitis. In Tunisia, there is a scarcity of studies that focused on bone metabolism abnormalities in these populations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bone status and the usefulness of bone turn over markers in osteodystrophy associated to chronic viral hepatitis B and C. It is a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study. We included patients suffering from chronic viral hepatitis B and C, non cirrhotic. Any disease which could interfere with bone metabolism was an exclusion criteria. The biological tests performed were: calcémia, phosphorémia, alcalin phosphatases, parathormon, vitamine D, osteocalcin and urinary CTX. Bone mineral density was measured at the rachis and the femoral bone. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0. Forty-one patients and 33 controls were enrolled. The median ages were respectively 51 and 44 years. Vitamine D was low in 97.6% of the patients (median = 8.6 ng/mL). hyperparathyroïdism was noted in nine patients (22%). Osteocalcin was low in 21% of cases (median = 21.7 ng/mL). The median rate of urinary CTX was 204 μg/mmol of creatinine. Low bone mineral density was observed based on 70.7% of cases (osteoporosis = 9.7%, osteopenia = 61%). We did not found any correlation between bone turn over markers and mineral density neither activity nor fibrosis. Hepatic osteodystrophy is very frequent independently of activity or fibrosis and patients with chronic viral hepatitis should be screened for. The only investigation recommended in these patients is measurement of bone mineral density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) etiopathogenesis is still not well elucidated. It has recently been proven that 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) has an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role. Our objectives were to measure 25OHD plasma levels in patients with BD in acute decompensation and compare them with patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and with healthy controls.Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study including male inpatients with a decompensation of their disease who were diagnosed with BD, SCZ or SAD according to DSM-5 criterias. The control group was constituted by unrelated healthy subjects, age-and-sex matched.Results: The 25OHD level was significantly higher only in patients with BD compared to controls. 25OHD was also positively correlated to the PANSS scale (r = 0.282, p < 0.001) and to different MOCA scores (r = 0.326, p = 0.006) as well as aspects related to abstraction, attention and memory capacity. Multivariate analysis found that BD acute decompensation was independently related to the rise in plasma 25OHD (p = 0.012; OR =1.157, [1.032 -1.297]).Conclusion: Our study shows that BD acute decompensation is associated with the rise in plasma 25OHD synthesis. However, the vitamin D dosage relevance as a biomarker of this disease warrants a verification in other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment success rates are high in China, but there are still a considerable number of cases who have unfavourable treatment outcomes (UTO). We aimed to determine the proportion of TB patients with UTO and to assess whether baseline characteristics that included glycaemic status [normal fasting blood glucose (FBG), transient hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM)] and vitamin D status were associated with UTO.Method: Prospective cohort study conducted between November 2015 and July 2016 at six clinics within routine TB services in Jilin province, where persons with TB were consecutively recruited. Data analysis was performed using the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Of the 306 recruited TB patients, 96 (31.4%) had smear-positive pulmonary TB, 187 (61.1%) had smear-negative pulmonary TB and 23 (7.5%) had extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Of these, 95 (31.1%) had normal blood glucose, 83 (27.1%) had transient hyperglycaemia and 128 (41.8%) had DM. 227 (74.2%) patients had vitamin D deficiency/severe deficiency. There were 125 (40.8%) patients with UTO of whom the majority were lost to follow-up (57.6%) or not evaluated (28.8%). UTO was significantly associated with smear-negative pulmonary TB (P = 0.009), EPTB (P < 0.001) and DM (P = 0.007).Conclusion: The proportion of TB patients with UTO increased with smear-negative pulmonary TB, EPTB and DM. TB programmes need to pay more attention to these issues and ensure intensive patient support to those at risk and early detection of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La connaissance de la physiologie de la vitamine D a progressé de manière considérable, faisant passer sa conception d'une hormone purement phosphocalcique et osseuse à une hormone ayant un rôle sur la santé globale (rôles anti-infectieux, anti-inflammatoire, antitumoral et protecteur cardiovasculaire). En parallèle de cette description d'effets pléiotropes à la fois dans des modèles cellulaires, des modèles animaux et des études cliniques, de plus en plus d'études épidémiologiques ont montré l'importance de la carence en vitamine D dans la population générale, adulte comme pédiatrique. L'objectif de cette mise au point est de rappeler les grands principes de physiologie phosphocalcique et vitaminique D, et d'en proposer une lecture spécifique à l'enfant, de la néonatologie à l'âge de 18 ans, en insistant d'une part sur les recommandations de supplémentation chez l'enfant sain de 0 à 18 ans et, d'autre part, sur les situations d'hypo- et d'hypervitaminose D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]