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Multi-modal end-to-end autonomous driving has shown promising advancements in recent work. By embedding more modalities into end-to-end networks, the system's understanding of both static and dynamic aspects of the driving environment is enhanced, thereby improving the safety of autonomous driving. In this paper, we introduce METDrive, an end-to-end system that leverages temporal guidance from the embedded time series features of ego states, including rotation angles, steering, throttle signals, and waypoint vectors. The geometric features derived from perception sensor data and the time series features of ego state data jointly guide the waypoint prediction with the proposed temporal guidance loss function. We evaluated METDrive on the CARLA leaderboard's Longest6 benchmark, achieving a driving score of 70%, a route completion score of 94%, and an infraction score of 0.78.

Chain-of-thought prompting significantly boosts the reasoning ability of large language models but still faces three issues: hallucination problem, restricted interpretability, and uncontrollable generation. To address these challenges, we present AgentCOT, a llm-based autonomous agent framework, which can solve complex problems in an agent-style manner by multiple round LLM generation. At each step, AgentCOT selects an action and executes it to yield an intermediate result with supporting evidence. In addition, we integrate the step's index into the reasoning process to form a graph structure for complex inference logic. We introduce two new strategies to enhance the performance of AgentCOT.We conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of our method on six common benchmarks. Results exhibit that our method brings in substantial improvements over current competitive approaches.

In this paper, we define the bimetric spectral Einstein-Hilbert action which generalizes the spectral Einstein-Hilbert action. We compute the bimetric spectral Einstein-Hilbert action for the Lorentz warped product. Thus, we get the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the Lorentz warped product., Comment: 12 pages

We try to clarify the relationship between computation and concurrency. Base on the so-called truly concurrent automata, we introduce communication and more operators, and establish the algebras modulo language equivalence and bisimilarity., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.04406

In the present paper, a multi-frequency optical non-reciprocal transmission is first realized by using a non-Hermitian multi-mode resonator array.We find that the non-reciprocity can be used to route optical signals, to prevent the reverse flow of noise, and find that the multi-frequency can be used to enhance information processing. In terms of the Scully-Lamb model and gain saturation effect, we accomplish a dual-frequency non-reciprocal transmission by introducing nonlinearity into a linear array of four-mode resonators. For example, a directional cyclic amplifier is constructed with non-reciprocal units. As potential applications, the non-reciprocity optical systems can be employed in dual-frequency control, parallel information processing, photonic integrated circuits, optical devices and so on.

We present Flow Matching for Reaction Coordinates (FMRC), a novel deep learning algorithm designed to identify optimal reaction coordinates (RC) in biomolecular reversible dynamics. FMRC is based on the mathematical principles of lumpability and decomposability, which we reformulate into a conditional probability framework for efficient data-driven optimization using deep generative models. While FMRC does not explicitly learn the well-established transfer operator or its eigenfunctions, it can effectively encode the dynamics of leading eigenfunctions of the system transfer operator into its low-dimensional RC space. We further quantitatively compare its performance with several state-of-the-art algorithms by evaluating the quality of Markov State Models (MSM) constructed in their respective RC spaces, demonstrating the superiority of FMRC in three increasingly complex biomolecular systems. Finally, we discuss its potential applications in downstream applications such as enhanced sampling methods and MSM construction.

With the increase of graph size, it becomes difficult or even impossible to visualize graph structures clearly within the limited screen space. Consequently, it is crucial to design effective visual representations for large graphs. In this paper, we propose AdaMotif, a novel approach that can capture the essential structure patterns of large graphs and effectively reveal the overall structures via adaptive motif designs. Specifically, our approach involves partitioning a given large graph into multiple subgraphs, then clustering similar subgraphs and extracting similar structural information within each cluster. Subsequently, adaptive motifs representing each cluster are generated and utilized to replace the corresponding subgraphs, leading to a simplified visualization. Our approach aims to preserve as much information as possible from the subgraphs while simplifying the graph efficiently. Notably, our approach successfully visualizes crucial community information within a large graph. We conduct case studies and a user study using real-world graphs to validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. The results demonstrate the capability of our approach in simplifying graphs while retaining important structural and community information.

The cross-domain multicast routing problem in a software-defined wireless network with multiple controllers is a classic NP-hard optimization problem. As the network size increases, designing and implementing cross-domain multicast routing paths in the network requires not only designing efficient solution algorithms to obtain the optimal cross-domain multicast tree but also ensuring the timely and flexible acquisition and maintenance of global network state information. However, existing solutions have a limited ability to sense the network traffic state, affecting the quality of service of multicast services. In addition, these methods have difficulty adapting to the highly dynamically changing network states and have slow convergence speeds. To this end, this paper aims to design and implement a multiagent deep reinforcement learning based cross-domain multicast routing method for SDWN with multicontroller domains. First, a multicontroller communication mechanism and a multicast group management module are designed to transfer and synchronize network information between different control domains of the SDWN, thus effectively managing the joining and classification of members in the cross-domain multicast group. Second, a theoretical analysis and proof show that the optimal cross-domain multicast tree includes an interdomain multicast tree and an intradomain multicast tree. An agent is established for each controller, and a cooperation mechanism between multiple agents is designed to effectively optimize cross-domain multicast routing and ensure consistency and validity in the representation of network state information for cross-domain multicast routing decisions. Third, a multiagent reinforcement learning-based method that combines online and offline training is designed to reduce the dependence on the real-time environment and increase the convergence speed of multiple agents.

This article introduces a novel numerical framework designed to model the interplay between free-falling particles and their surrounding fluid in situations of high particle to fluid density ratio, typically exhibited by atmospheric particles. This method is designed to complement experimental studies in vertical wind tunnels to improve the understanding of the aerodynamic behavior of small atmospheric particles, such as the transport and sedimentation of volcanic particles, cloud ice crystals and other application areas. The solver is based on the lattice Boltzmann method and it addresses the numerical challenges, including the high density ratio and moderate to high Reynolds number, by using an immersed-boundary approach and a recursive-regularized collision model. A predictor-corrector scheme is applied for the robust time integration of the six-degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) rigid-body motion. Finally, the multi-scale nature arising from the long free-fall distances of a particle is addressed through a dynamic memory allocation scheme allowing for a virtually infinite falling distance. This tool allows for the simulation of particles of arbitrary shape represented by a triangularized surface. The framework is validated against the analytical and experimental data for falling spheres and ellipsoids, and is then applied to the case of an actual volcanic particle geometry, the shape of which is obtained from a 3D surface-contour scanning process. The physics of the free-fall of this particle is investigated and described, and its terminal velocity is compared against the experimental data measured with the 3D printed exemplars of the same particle.

Every solid particle in the atmosphere, from ice crystals and pollen to dust, ash, and microplastics, is non-spherical. These particles play significant roles in Earth's climate system, influencing temperature, weather patterns, natural ecosystems, human health, and pollution levels. However, our understanding of these particles is largely based on the theories for extremely small particles and experiments conducted in liquid mediums. In this study, we used an innovative experimental setup and particle-resolved numerical simulations to investigate the behaviour of sub-millimetre ellipsoids of varying shapes in the air. Our results revealed complex decaying oscillation patterns involving numerous twists and turns in these particles, starkly contrasting their dynamics in liquid mediums. We found that the frequency and decay rate of these oscillations have a strong dependence on the particle shape. Interestingly, disk-shaped particles oscillated at nearly twice the frequency of rod-shaped particles, though their oscillations also decayed more rapidly. During oscillation, even subtly non-spherical particles can drift laterally up to ten times their volume-equivalent spherical diameter. This behaviour enables particles to sweep through four times more air both vertically and laterally compared to a volume-equivalent sphere, significantly increasing their encounter rate and aggregation possibility. Our findings provide an explanation for the long-range transport and naturally occurring aggregate formation of highly non-spherical particles such as snowflakes and volcanic ash.

This paper aims to provide an explicit computation of the spectral torsion associated with the Connes type operator on even dimension compact manifolds.And we also extend the spectral torsion for the Connes type operator to compact manifolds with boundary.

In this paper, we give a method to construct bimetric conformal invarints by the linear metric perturbations and the conformal invarints. And we compute the metric perturbations of the Connes conformal invarints and the conformal Laplacian. As corollaries, some new bimetric conformal invarints on 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds without boundary are obtained and we get the first order and second order variations of the Connes conformal invarints.

Estimating the total treatment effect (TTE) of a new feature in social platforms is crucial for understanding its impact on user behavior. However, the presence of network interference, which arises from user interactions, often complicates this estimation process. Experimenters typically face challenges in fully capturing the intricate structure of this interference, leading to less reliable estimates. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach that leverages surrogate networks and the pseudo inverse estimator. Our contributions can be summarized as follows: (1) We introduce the surrogate network framework, which simulates the practical situation where experimenters build an approximation of the true interference network using observable data. (2) We investigate the performance of the pseudo inverse estimator within this framework, revealing a bias-variance trade-off introduced by the surrogate network. We demonstrate a tighter asymptotic variance bound compared to previous studies and propose an enhanced variance estimator outperforming the original estimator. (3) We apply the pseudo inverse estimator to a real experiment involving over 50 million users, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting network interference when combined with the difference-in-means estimator. Our research aims to bridge the gap between theoretical literature and practical implementation, providing a solution for estimating TTE in the presence of network interference and unknown interference structures.

Online job advertisements on various job portals or websites have become the most popular way for people to find potential career opportunities nowadays. However, the majority of these job sites are limited to offering fundamental filters such as job titles, keywords, and compensation ranges. This often poses a challenge for job seekers in efficiently identifying relevant job advertisements that align with their unique skill sets amidst a vast sea of listings. Thus, we propose well-coordinated visualizations to provide job seekers with three levels of details of job information: a skill-job overview visualizes skill sets, employment posts as well as relationships between them with a hierarchical visualization design; a post exploration view leverages an augmented radar-chart glyph to represent job posts and further facilitates users' swift comprehension of the pertinent skills necessitated by respective positions; a post detail view lists the specifics of selected job posts for profound analysis and comparison. By using a real-world recruitment advertisement dataset collected from 51Job, one of the largest job websites in China, we conducted two case studies and user interviews to evaluate JobViz. The results demonstrated the usefulness and effectiveness of our approach.

As a novel and promising 2D material, bismuth oxyselenide (Bi$_2$O$_2$Se) has demonstrated significant potential to overcome existing technical barriers in various electronic device applications, due to its unique physical properties like high symmetry, adjustable electronic structure, ultra-high electron mobility. However, the rapid growth of Bi$_2$O$_2$Se films down to a few atomic layers with precise control remains a significant challenge. In this work, the growth of two-dimensional (2D) Bi$_2$O$_2$Se thin films by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method is systematically investigated. By controlling temperature, oxygen pressure, laser energy density and laser emission frequency, we successfully prepare atomically thin and flat Bi$_2$O$_2$Se (001) thin films on the (001) surface of SrTiO3. Importantly, we provide a fundamental and unique perspective toward understanding the growth process of atomically thin and flat Bi$_2$O$_2$Se films, and the growth process can be primarily summarized into four steps: i) anisotropic non-spontaneous nucleation preferentially along the step roots; ii) monolayer Bi$_2$O$_2$Se nanosheets expanding across the surrounding area, and eventually covering the entire STO substrate step; iii) vertical growth of Bi$_2$O$_2$Se monolayer in a 2D Frank-van der Merwe (FM) epitaxial growth, and iv) with a layer-by-layer 2D FM growth mode, ultimately producing an atomically flat and epitaxially aligned thin film. Moreover, the combined results of the crystallinity quality, surface morphology and the chemical states manifest the successful PLD-growth of high-quality Bi$_2$O$_2$Se films in a controllable and fast mode.

In this work, we investigate a static spherically symmetric system in which Einstein gravity is minimally coupled with a self-interacting complex scalar field and a nonlinear electromagnetic field, referred to as Hayward axion stars. Employing numerical methods, we find that it essentially describes axion stars with the magnetic charge. In the absence of magnetic charge and with only the scalar field present, the system reduces to axion stars. We discover that when the magnetic charge $q$ exceeds a critical value, extreme solutions with frequencies $\omega$ approaching zero can be found and the critical horizon emerges. Within this horizon, the scalar field and energy density are highly concentrated and decrease precipitously at its boundary. The time component of the metric function approaches zero within this region, indicating that gravity is extremely intense, and time nearly ceases to flow. To an observer at infinity, the star appears to be frozen, hence we refer to these extreme solutions exhibiting a critical horizon as Hayward axion frozen stars. Furthermore, it is important to note that as $\omega \rightarrow 0$, the mass of the Hayward axion frozen star becomes independent of the decay constant and is only determined by the magnetic charge. Additionally, we find that the frozen star solutions possess two light rings. With an increase in the magnetic charge, these light rings move outward, while changes in the decay constant have little effect on their positions., Comment: 26 pages, 10 figures

Data-driven deep learning models have shown great capabilities to assist radiologists in breast ultrasound (US) diagnoses. However, their effectiveness is limited by the long-tail distribution of training data, which leads to inaccuracies in rare cases. In this study, we address a long-standing challenge of improving the diagnostic model performance on rare cases using long-tailed data. Specifically, we introduce a pipeline, TAILOR, that builds a knowledge-driven generative model to produce tailored synthetic data. The generative model, using 3,749 lesions as source data, can generate millions of breast-US images, especially for error-prone rare cases. The generated data can be further used to build a diagnostic model for accurate and interpretable diagnoses. In the prospective external evaluation, our diagnostic model outperforms the average performance of nine radiologists by 33.5% in specificity with the same sensitivity, improving their performance by providing predictions with an interpretable decision-making process. Moreover, on ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), our diagnostic model outperforms all radiologists by a large margin, with only 34 DCIS lesions in the source data. We believe that TAILOR can potentially be extended to various diseases and imaging modalities.

In this paper, we establish the existence of strong solutions to the steady non-isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes system with Dirichlet boundary conditions in bounded domains where the fluid is driven by the wall temperature, and justify its low Mach number limit, i.e., $\v\to 0$, in $L^{\infty}$ sense with a rate of convergence. Notably, for the limiting system \eqref{fge} obtained in the low Mach number limit, the variation of the wall temperature is allowed to be independent of the Mach number. It is also worth pointing out that the velocity field $u_{1}$ acts like a ghost since it appears at $\v$-order in the expansion, but still affects the density and temperature at $O(1)$-order. In the proof, we design a new expansion, in which the density, velocity and temperature have different expansion forms with respect to $\v$, so that the density at higher orders is well-defined under the Boussinesq relations and the constraint of zero average. We also introduce a new $\v$-dependent functional space, allowing us to obtain some uniform estimates for high-order normal derivatives near the boundary., Comment: 43 pages. All comments are welcome

In this paper, we compute the noncommutative residue for the rescaled Dirac operator fDh on 6-dimensional compact manifolds without boundary. And we give the proof of the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the rescaled Dirac operator fDh on 6-dimensional compact manifolds with boundary. We also give some important special cases which can be solved by our calculation methods., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2401.10909, arXiv:2111.15034, arXiv:2310.09775, arXiv:2406.14300, arXiv:2309.07558, arXiv:2312.00154

Recently, Ref. \cite{Wang:2023tdz} investigated the model of Einstein-Bardeen theory coupled to a free complex scalar field. The introduction of the scalar field prevents the formation of the event horizon, and when the magnetic charge exceeds a certain critical value, the frozen Bardeen-boson star can be obtained with the frequency $\omega \rightarrow 0$. In this paper, we extend the investigation of the Einstein-Bardeen model with a charged scalar field and obtain two types of solutions: the small $q$ solution and the large $q$ solution. Specifically, for the small $q$ solution, we find that there exists a maximum value for the charge $q$, the introduction of the charge makes it possible to obtain solutions for frozen stars without the frequency to be approached to zero. For the large $q$ solution, the charge can tend toward infinity, and as $q \rightarrow \infty$, the large $q$ solution gradually becomes the pure Bardeen solution. Similar to Ref. \cite{Wang:2023tdz}, the event horizon is not found in our results., Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures

In recent years, 2D human pose estimation has made significant progress on public benchmarks. However, many of these approaches face challenges of less applicability in the industrial community due to the large number of parametric quantities and computational overhead. Efficient human pose estimation remains a hurdle, especially for whole-body pose estimation with numerous keypoints. While most current methods for efficient human pose estimation primarily rely on CNNs, we propose the Group-based Token Pruning Transformer (GTPT) that fully harnesses the advantages of the Transformer. GTPT alleviates the computational burden by gradually introducing keypoints in a coarse-to-fine manner. It minimizes the computation overhead while ensuring high performance. Besides, GTPT groups keypoint tokens and prunes visual tokens to improve model performance while reducing redundancy. We propose the Multi-Head Group Attention (MHGA) between different groups to achieve global interaction with little computational overhead. We conducted experiments on COCO and COCO-WholeBody. Compared to other methods, the experimental results show that GTPT can achieve higher performance with less computation, especially in whole-body with numerous keypoints., Comment: ECCV 2024 accepted

In this paper, we present the spherically symmetric wormhole in Einstein's gravity coupling phantom field and nonlinear electromagnetic field. Numerical results show that this solution violates the Null Energy Condition (NEC), and as the parameters change, the ADM mass of the entire spacetime changes from positive to negative. In addition, we analyze the light ring (LR) of the solution and demonstrate the astronomical observation properties. Especially when negative mass appears, the general LR will not appear, only a ``special unstable LR" exists at the throat, which is caused by the repulsive effect of the negative mass on both sides of the wormhole. Finally, we draw the embedding diagram to reflect the geometric characteristics of the wormhole., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2311.17557

Electronic textiles (E-textiles) offer great wearing comfort and unobtrusiveness, thus holding potential for next-generation health monitoring wearables. However, the practical implementation is hampered by challenges associated with poor signal quality, substantial motion artifacts, durability for long-term usage, and non-ideal user experience. Here, we report a cost-effective E-textile system that features 3D microfiber-based electrodes for greatly increasing the surface area. The soft and fluffy conductive microfibers disperse freely and securely adhere to the skin, achieving a low impedance at the electrode-skin interface even in the absence of gel. A superhydrophobic fluorinated self-assembled monolayer was deposited on the E-textile surface to render it waterproof while retaining the electrical conductivity. Equipped with a custom-designed motion-artifact canceling wireless data recording circuit, the E-textile system could be integrated into a variety of smart garments for exercise physiology and health monitoring applications. Real-time multimodal electrophysiological signal monitoring, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyography (EMG), was successfully carried out during strenuous cycling and even underwater swimming activities. Furthermore, a multi-channel E-textile was developed and implemented in clinical patient studies for simultaneous real-time monitoring of maternal ECG and uterine EMG signals, incorporating spatial-temporal potential mapping capabilities., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures

In [21] and [22], we proved the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the J-twist DJ of the Dirac operator on 3-dimensional, 4-dimensional and 6-dimensional almost product Riemannian spin manifold with boundary. In this paper, we generalize our previous conclusions and establish the proof of the general Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the J-twist DJ of the Dirac operator on even-dimensional almost product Riemannian spin manifold with boundary., Comment: 32 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.06602, arXiv:2203.10467, arXiv:2312.00154, arXiv:2401.10909

In [5], Connes and Chamseddine defined a cycle in the general framework of noncommutative geometry. They computed this cycle for the Dirac operator on 4-dimensioanl manifolds. We propose a way to study the Connes-Chamseddine cycle from the viewpoint of the noncommutative integral on 6-dimensional manifolds in this paper. Furthermore, we compute several interesting noncommutative integral defined in [8] by the normal coodinated way on n-dimensional manifolds. As a corollary, the Connes-Chamseddine cycle on 6-dimensional manifolds is obtained.

Symmetry lies at the heart of 2D bioelectronics, determining material properties at the fundamental level. Breaking the symmetry allows emergent functionalities and effects. However, symmetry modulation in 2D bioelectronics and the resultant applications have been largely overlooked. Here we devise an oxidized architectural MXene, referred as OXene, that couples orbit symmetric breaking with inverse symmetric breaking to entitle the optimized interfacial impedance and Schottky-induced piezoelectric effects. The resulting OXene validates applications ranging from microelectrode arrays, gait analysis, active transistor matrix, and wireless signaling transmission, which enables highly-fidelity signal transmission and reconfigurable logic gates. Further OXene interfaces are investigated in both rodent and porcine myocardium, featuring high-quality and spatiotemporally resolved physiological recordings, while accurate differentiated predictions, enabled via various machine learning pipelines.

Bioelectronic implants with soft mechanics, biocompatibility, and excellent electrical performance enable biomedical implants to record electrophysiological signals and execute interventions within internal organs, promising to revolutionize the diagnosing, monitoring, and treatment of various pathological conditions. However, challenges remain in improving excessive impedance at the bioelectronic-tissue interface and thus the efficacy of electrophysiological signaling and intervention. Here, we devise orbit symmetry breaking in MXene (a low-cost scalability, biocompatible, and conductive 2D layered material, that we refer to as OBXene), that exhibits low bioelectronic-tissue impedance, originating from the out-of-plane charge transfer. Furthermore, the Schottky-induced piezoelectricity stemming from the asymmetric orbital configuration of OBXene facilitates interlayered charge transport in the device. In this study, we report an OBXene-based cardiac patch applied on the left ventricular epicardium of both rodent and porcine models to enable spatiotemporal epicardium mapping and pacing, while coupling the wireless and battery-free operation for long-term real-time recording and closed-loop stimulation.

It is common to compare state changes of multiple data items and identify which data items have changed more in various applications (e.g., annual GDP growth of different countries and daily increase of new COVID-19 cases in different regions). Grouped bar charts and slope graphs can visualize both state changes and their initial and final states of multiple data items, and are thus widely used for state change comparison. But they leverage implicit bar differences or line slopes to indicate state changes, which has been proven less effective for visual comparison. Both visualizations also suffer from visual scalability issues when an increasing number of data items need to be compared. This paper fills the research gap by proposing a novel radial visualization called Intercept Graph to facilitate visual comparison of multiple state changes. It consists of inner and outer axes, and leverages the lengths of line segments intercepted by the inner axis to explicitly encode the state changes. Users can interactively adjust the inner axis to filter large changes of their interest and magnify the difference of relatively-similar state changes, enhancing its visual scalability and comparison accuracy. We extensively evaluate the Intercept Graph in comparison with baseline methods through two usage scenarios, quantitative metric evaluations, and well-designed crowdsourcing user studies with 50 participants. Our results demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the Intercept Graph.

Deep learning with physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) has emerged as a highly popular and effective approach for solving partial differential equations(PDEs). In this paper, we first investigate the extrapolation capability of the PINN method for time-dependent PDEs. Taking advantage of this extrapolation property, we can generalize the training result obtained in the time subinterval to the large interval by adding a correction term to the network parameters of the subinterval. The correction term is determined by further training with the sample points in the added subinterval. Secondly, by designing an extrapolation control function with special characteristics and combining it with the correction term, we construct a new neural network architecture whose network parameters are coupled with the time variable, which we call the extrapolation-driven network architecture. Based on this architecture, using a single neural network, we can obtain the overall PINN solution of the whole domain with the following two characteristics: (1) it completely inherits the local solution of the interval obtained from the previous training, (2) at the interval node, it strictly maintains the continuity and smoothness that the true solution has. The extrapolation-driven network architecture allows us to divide a large time domain into multiple subintervals and solve the time-dependent PDEs one by one in chronological order. This training scheme respects the causality principle and effectively overcomes the difficulties of the conventional PINN method in solving the evolution equation on a large time domain. Numerical experiments verify the performance of our proposed method.

Structural pruning has emerged as a promising approach for producing more efficient models. Nevertheless, the community suffers from a lack of standardized benchmarks and metrics, leaving the progress in this area not fully comprehended. To fill this gap, we present the first comprehensive benchmark, termed \textit{PruningBench}, for structural pruning. PruningBench showcases the following three characteristics: 1) PruningBench employs a unified and consistent framework for evaluating the effectiveness of diverse structural pruning techniques; 2) PruningBench systematically evaluates 16 existing pruning methods, encompassing a wide array of models (e.g., CNNs and ViTs) and tasks (e.g., classification and detection); 3) PruningBench provides easily implementable interfaces to facilitate the implementation of future pruning methods, and enables the subsequent researchers to incorporate their work into our leaderboards. We provide an online pruning platform http://pruning.vipazoo.cn for customizing pruning tasks and reproducing all results in this paper. Codes will be made publicly on https://github.com/HollyLee2000/PruningBench., Comment: This is a paper aims to present a evaluation benchmark for structural pruning. The full text is 30 pages

In this paper, we present a solution for a five-dimensional boson star under gravity with infinite tower of higher curvature corrections. We discover that when the coupling constant exceeds a certain threshold, an alternative configuration emerges, distinct from the conventional five-dimensional boson star. This new structure is characterized by a broader frequency range, with its minimum value approaching zero. At a truncation of $n=2$ for the correction order, the solution and its scalar curvature diverge as the frequency approaches zero. However, as the order of higher curvature corrections increases, the singularity at the center vanishes, resulting in a globally regular solution. Additionally, as the frequency approaches zero, the scalar field's radial distribution becomes concentrated within the critical radius $r_c$, forming what we term a ``frozen star". Beyond this radius, the metric of the frozen star almost degenerates into that of an extreme black hole. The solutions for such frozen stars offer a new avenue for exploring the enigmatic interiors of compact celestial bodies, enhancing our understanding of the internal structure of black holes under semi-classical conditions and potentially addressing the series of paradoxes associated with information loss due to singularities and horizons., Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures

We propose FaceCom, a method for 3D facial shape completion, which delivers high-fidelity results for incomplete facial inputs of arbitrary forms. Unlike end-to-end shape completion methods based on point clouds or voxels, our approach relies on a mesh-based generative network that is easy to optimize, enabling it to handle shape completion for irregular facial scans. We first train a shape generator on a mixed 3D facial dataset containing 2405 identities. Based on the incomplete facial input, we fit complete faces using an optimization approach under image inpainting guidance. The completion results are refined through a post-processing step. FaceCom demonstrates the ability to effectively and naturally complete facial scan data with varying missing regions and degrees of missing areas. Our method can be used in medical prosthetic fabrication and the registration of deficient scanning data. Our experimental results demonstrate that FaceCom achieves exceptional performance in fitting and shape completion tasks. The code is available at https://github.com/dragonylee/FaceCom.git., Comment: accepted to CVPR2024

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been commonly used to align the behaviors of Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Recently, a popular alternative is Direct Policy Optimization (DPO), which replaces an LLM-based reward model with the policy itself, thus obviating the need for extra memory and training time to learn the reward model. However, DPO does not consider the relative qualities of the positive and negative responses, and can lead to sub-optimal training outcomes. To alleviate this problem, we investigate the use of intrinsic knowledge within the on-the-fly fine-tuning LLM to obtain relative qualities and help to refine the loss function. Specifically, we leverage the knowledge of the LLM to design a refinement function to estimate the quality of both the positive and negative responses. We show that the constructed refinement function can help self-refine the loss function under mild assumptions. The refinement function is integrated into DPO and its variant Identity Policy Optimization (IPO). Experiments across various evaluators indicate that they can improve the performance of the fine-tuned models over DPO and IPO.

Controlling the size and distribution of potential barriers within a medium of interacting particles can unveil unique collective behaviors and innovative functionalities. In this study, we introduce a unique superconducting hybrid device using a novel artificial spin ice structure composed of asymmetric nanomagnets. This structure forms a distinctive superconducting pinning potential that steers unconventional motion of superconducting vortices, thereby inducing a magnetic nonreciprocal effect, in contrast to the electric nonreciprocal effect commonly observed in superconducting diodes. Furthermore, the polarity of the magnetic nonreciprocity is in-situ reversible through the tunable magnetic patterns of artificial spin ice. Our findings demonstrate that artificial spin ice not only precisely modulates superconducting characteristics but also opens the door to novel functionalities, offering a groundbreaking paradigm for superconducting electronics.

Characterizing the nature of many-body localization transitions (MBLTs) and their potential critical behaviors has remained a challenging problem. In this work, we study the dynamics of the displacement, quantifying the spread of the radial probability distribution in the Fock space, for systems with MBLTs, and perform a finite-size scaling analysis. We find that the scaling exponents satisfy theoretical bounds, and can identify universality classes. We show that reliable extrapolations to the thermodynamic limit for the MBLT induced by quasiperiodic fields is possible even for computationally accessible system sizes. Our work highlights that the displacement is a valuable tool for studying MBLTs, as relevant to ongoing experimental efforts.

Transformer-based models for long sequence time series forecasting (LSTF) problems have gained significant attention due to their exceptional forecasting precision. As the cornerstone of these models, the self-attention mechanism poses a challenge to efficient training and inference due to its quadratic time complexity. In this article, we propose a novel architectural design for Transformer-based models in LSTF, leveraging a substitution framework that incorporates Surrogate Attention Blocks and Surrogate FFN Blocks. The framework aims to boost any well-designed model's efficiency without sacrificing its accuracy. We further establish the equivalence of the Surrogate Attention Block to the self-attention mechanism in terms of both expressiveness and trainability. Through extensive experiments encompassing nine Transformer-based models across five time series tasks, we observe an average performance improvement of 9.45% while achieving a significant reduction in model size by 46%, Comment: We believe this work is premature and requires further study

This paper aims to provide an explicit computation of the noncommutative residue density associated with equivariant twisted Bismut Laplacian with torsion on compact manifolds with (or without) boundary. We prove the equivariant twisted Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorems with torsion on compact manifolds with boundary., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2308.00006; text overlap with arXiv:2308.00833, arXiv:2108.03149, arXiv:1907.08622, arXiv:1303.3713, arXiv:2307.15921

Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.

Superconducting microwave resonators play a pivotal role in superconducting quantum circuits. The ability to fine-tune their resonant frequencies provides enhanced control and flexibility. Here, we introduce a frequency-tunable superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator. By applying electrical currents through specifically designed ground wires, we achieve the generation and control of a localized magnetic field on the central line of the resonator, enabling continuous tuning of its resonant frequency. We demonstrate a frequency tuning range of 54.85 MHz in a 6.21 GHz resonator. This integrated and tunable resonator holds great potential as a dynamically tunable filter and as a key component of communication buses and memory elements in superconducting quantum computing.

Online controlled experiment (also called A/B test or experiment) is the most important tool for decision-making at a wide range of data-driven companies like Microsoft, Google, Meta, etc. Metric computation is the core procedure for reaching a conclusion during an experiment. With the growth of experiments and metrics in an experiment platform, computing metrics efficiently at scale becomes a non-trivial challenge. This work shows how metric computation in WeChat experiment platform can be done efficiently using bit-sliced index (BSI) arithmetic. This approach has been implemented in a real world system and the performance results are presented, showing that the BSI arithmetic approach is very suitable for large-scale metric computation scenarios., Comment: VLDB 2024 industrial track

Over the past decade, the rapid advancement of deep learning and big data applications has been driven by vast datasets and high-performance computing systems. However, as we approach the physical limits of semiconductor fabrication in the post-Moore's Law era, questions arise about the future of these applications. In parallel, quantum computing has made significant progress with the potential to break limits. Major companies like IBM, Google, and Microsoft provide access to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers. Despite the theoretical promise of Shor's and Grover's algorithms, practical implementation on current quantum devices faces challenges, such as demanding additional resources and a high number of controlled operations. To tackle these challenges and optimize the utilization of limited onboard qubits, we introduce ReSaQuS, a resource-efficient index-value searching system within a quantum-classical hybrid framework. Building on Grover's algorithm, ReSaQuS employs an automatically managed iterative search approach. This method analyzes problem size, filters fewer probable data points, and progressively reduces the dataset with decreasing qubit requirements. Implemented using Qiskit and evaluated through extensive experiments, ReSaQuS has demonstrated a substantial reduction, up to 86.36\% in cumulative qubit consumption and 72.72\% in active periods, reinforcing its potential in optimizing quantum computing application deployment.

Ferrotoroidicity, the fourth form of primary ferroic order, breaks both space and time inversion symmetry. So far, direct observation of ferrotoroidicity in natural materials remains elusive, which impedes the exploration of ferrotoroidic phase transitions. Here, we overcome the limitations of natural materials using an artificial nanomagnet system that can be characterized at the constituent level and at different effective temperatures. We design a nanomagnet array as to realize a direct-kagome spin ice. This artificial spin ice exhibits robust toroidal moments and a quasi-degenerate ground state with two distinct low-temperature toroidal phases: ferrotoroidicity and paratoroidicity. Using magnetic force microscopy and Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate a phase transition between ferrotoroidicity and paratoroidicity, along with a crossover to a non-toroidal paramagnetic phase. Our quasi-degenerate artificial spin ice in a direct-kagome structure provides a model system for the investigation of magnetic states and phase transitions that are inaccessible in natural materials.

In this paper, we compute the lower-dimensional volume Vol(1,1) about transformation operators for 4- dimensional spin manifolds with boundary and we also get the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem about transformation operators on 4-dimensional compact manifolds with boundary., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.06125. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.06125

In this paper, we address the unexplored question of temporal sentence localization in human motions (TSLM), aiming to locate a target moment from a 3D human motion that semantically corresponds to a text query. Considering that 3D human motions are captured using specialized motion capture devices, motions with only a few joints lack complex scene information like objects and lighting. Due to this character, motion data has low contextual richness and semantic ambiguity between frames, which limits the accuracy of predictions made by current video localization frameworks extended to TSLM to only a rough level. To refine this, we devise two novel label-prior-assisted training schemes: one embed prior knowledge of foreground and background to highlight the localization chances of target moments, and the other forces the originally rough predictions to overlap with the more accurate predictions obtained from the flipped start/end prior label sequences during recovery training. We show that injecting label-prior knowledge into the model is crucial for improving performance at high IoU. In our constructed TSLM benchmark, our model termed MLP achieves a recall of 44.13 at IoU@0.7 on the BABEL dataset and 71.17 on HumanML3D (Restore), outperforming prior works. Finally, we showcase the potential of our approach in corpus-level moment retrieval. Our source code is openly accessible at https://github.com/eanson023/mlp., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures

In this paper, we study the spherically symmetric traversable wormholes with a scalar field supported by a phantom field in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptotic spacetime. Despite coupling the scalar matter field, these wormholes remain massless and symmetric for reflection of the radial coordinate $r \rightarrow -r$. The solution possesses a finite Noether charge $Q$, which varies as a function of frequency $\omega$ with changes in the cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and the throat size $r_0$. Under specific conditions, an approximate ``event horizon'' will appear at the throat., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures

Symmetry-breaking plays a pivotal role in unlocking intriguing properties and functionalities in material systems. For example, the breaking of spatial and temporal symmetries leads to a fascinating phenomenon of superconducting diode effect. However, generating and precisely controlling the superconducting diode effect poses significant challenges. Here, we take a novel route with deliberate manipulation of magnetic charge potentials to realize unconventional superconducting flux-quantum diode effects. We achieve this through suitably tailored nanoengineered arrays of nanobar magnets on top of a superconducting thin film. We demonstrate the vital roles of inversion antisymmetry and its breaking in evoking unconventional superconducting effects-a magnetically symmetric diode effect and an odd-parity magnetotransport effect. These effects are non-volatilely controllable through in-situ magnetization switching of the nanobar magnets. Our findings promote the use of antisymmetry (breaking) for initiating unconventional superconducting properties, paving the way for exciting prospects and innovative functionalities in superconducting electronics.

For the first time, the fatigue behavior involving external oxygen in highly Sc-doped AlN ferroelectric film was observed using transmission electron microscope techniques. Despite increasing the Sc composition in AlScN film contributes to reducing the device operation voltage, the inherent affinity of Sc for oxygen introduces instability in device performance. In this study, oxygen incorporation at top electrode edges and grain boundaries accompanied with an increase in current leakage and the disappearance of ferroelectric properties, was observed in nanoscale after long-term field cycling. This observation indicates the emergence of non-ferroelectric and even amorphous states. This presented work revealed solid experimental evidence of an oxygen-involved fatigue mechanism, providing valuable insights into the physical nature of the ferroelectric properties of AlScN films., Comment: 2 Pages,7 figures

Materials with in-plane electrical anisotropy have great potential for designing artificial synaptic devices. However, natural materials with strong intrinsic in-plane electrical anisotropy are rare. We introduce a simple strategy to produce extremely large electrical anisotropy via grating gating of a semiconductor two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of AlGaN/GaN. We show that periodically modulated electric potential in the 2DEG induces in-plane electrical anisotropy, which is significantly enhanced in a magnetic field, leading to an ultra large electrical anisotropy. This is induced by a giant positive magnetoresistance and a giant negative magnetoresistance under two orthogonally oriented in-plane current flows, respectively. This giant electrical anisotropy is in-situ tunable by tailoring both the grating gate voltage and the magnetic field. Our semiconductor device with controllable giant electrical anisotropy will stimulate new device applications, such as multi-terminal memtransistors and bionic synapses.

In this paper, we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the sub-Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary. A proof of the Dabrowski-Sitarz-Zalecki type theorem for spectral Einstein functions associated with the sub-Dirac operator on four-dimensional manifolds with boundary is also given., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.00833, arXiv:2312.00838