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Current research has shown that an increasing number of returning troops from deployments are being diagnosed with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA). OSA causes excessive daytime sleepiness that can endanger the readiness of Soldiers by impacting concentration, decision-making skills, personality change, hypertension, depression, headaches and has been shown to contribute to cardiovascular disease. A main factor for remediation of OSA is Soldier’s compliance with prescribed treatment plans. The two most popular methods for OSA treatment are continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and the Mandibular Advancing Device (MAD). Both of these devices have known compliance issues, which keep treatment of OSA to roughly 60 percent of those prescribed. We utilized a parameterized upper airway fluid structure–interaction (FSI) simulation to validate our hybrid OSA device (MAPPARD), which addressed the compliance issues found in typical OSA treatment devices. While being 25 percent less advanced than the MAD device and 50 percent less pressure than the CPAP device, our MAPPARD performed better than either current device, thus showing potential to improve Soldier treatment compliance. This study contributes to the ongoing exploration of the role of modeling and simulations for testing and evaluation of medical devices.

Visualizing operations environments in three dimensions (3D) supports the warfighters' ability to make rapid, well-informed decisions by presenting complex systems in a naturalistic, integrated display format. Unfortunately, constructing these environments is a time-consuming task requiring specific expertise not typically available in the command center. The future use of 3D visualization in military operations depends on the ability of personnel with minimal graphics experience to create virtual environments quickly and accurately by leveraging data-driven customization of content from model archives with the data available in the command center. Practical 3D visualization depends on standardized scene autogeneration. The Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics family of specifications is approved by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as the Web-based format for the interchange and rendering of 3D scenes. Previous work has demonstrated that an archive of X3D scenes, such as the Scenario Authoring and Visualization for Advanced Graphical Environments (SAVAGE) library, can be used to autogenerate sophisticated 3D tactical environments. Assembling and making sense of the data necessary to autogenerate a 3D environment requires context and good documentation, best accomplished through metadata. Metadata also supports data-centric, component-based design; key philosophies in promoting interoperability of networked applications. Coupled with recent developments in X3D, enhanced features of the Savage X3D Model archives are now sufficiently mature to support rapid generation of tactical environments. This thesis proposes an XML metadata standard to collect and organize the information necessary to create and populate a tactical 3D virtual environment: the Savage Modeling and Analysis Language (SMAL). The logical extension of a well designed standard is the ability to cross the boundaries of usage, allowing simulators to share data with command and control (C2) suites an, http://archive.org/details/savagemodelingnd109452971, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Motivations: Connect NPS MOVES M&S Expertise to NUWC-Newport (NUWCDIVNPT) Capabilities and Needs Provide a Vision for the broader DoD in Remote Collaboration, Visualization, Emerging Media, Data Preservation, Collaborative Research, and Scaleable HPC Architectures (Cloud Services)

In early 2009, the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) brought the 1152 core "hamming" Sun Microsystems blade system online. Concurrently, NPS procured RenderMan™ software from Pixar Animation Studios. In this presentation, Dr. Heferman and Mr. Weekley describe the hamming supercomputer, the Maya 3D modeling package with Pixar's RenderMan software - used by film studios to develop popular animated feature films such as "Ratatouille" and "Up" and in visual effects for movies like "Where the Wild Things Are" - and how NPS used them together to create realistic visualizations in a format suitable for projection on the NPS Sony 4K display and for ultra-high resolution streaming media over CENIC networks. Dr. Heferman and Mr. Weekley demonstrate how advances in Hollywood-style animation and post-production tools have benefited researchers at NPS who are working on scientific visualization and streaming media in support of the School's academic and research missions.

In this presentation, Jeff and Laurin discuss the technical challenges and successes, and the partnerships that emerged from a broad spectrum of entities to produce the live event at the CineGrid Workshop. In addition, they share the artistry of capturing and exhibiting an underwater habitat in 4K, and offer a unique opportunity rarely, if ever, seen to view undersea habitats through the lens of a two 4K cameras at 60 frames per second in ultra-high resolutions.

3. ABSTRACT Introduction to Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics (MV3204) and Advanced X3D Graphics (MV4205) are a pair of well-established courses with a custom textbook, an X3D example archive, annotated slide-sets, and the X3D-Edit authoring tool. This case study reports on lessons learned from producing 62 sessions totaling over 37 hours of video instruction. Topics include how to prepare and present video sessions for each lesson, recording and production techniques, building a video website, and teaching to remote students while recording. Most importantly we show the feasibility and repeatability of recording classroom video sessions with minimal post-production requirements, thus reducing video-production labor costs significantly. We also demonstrate the ability to use open-standard and open-source NPS-produced software to create a satisfactory course website. This report summarizes the entire production software to create a satisfactory course website. This report summarizes the entire production process ranging from proper preparation of course materials to pre-production, classroom presentation, speaker recording, screen capture, digital production, and post-production of video sessions. Detailed workflow diagrams, production checklists, conclusions and recommendations for future work are also included.

This paper describes four candidate X3D extension nodes: Camera, Shot, Movement and OffineRendering. An X3D lexicon for camera movements is defined so that individuals directing virtual cameras in X3D can directly apply terms that film directors and cinematographers understand. This approach greatly simplifies the technical tasks involved in crreating precise camera animations and setting up still images for digital photography. Further, candidate methods are examined for implementing Depth of Field for focus control. Moving beyond the typical clumsiness of Viewpoint control can enable authors to create compelling still and moving images from X3D scenes.

This paper describes current work in the evolution of open standards for 3D graphics for Humanoid Animation (H-Anim). It builds on previous work to encompass plausible humanoids, humanoid behaviors and methodologies for composition with interchangeable and blended behaviors. We present an overview of the standardization activites for H-Anim, including a proposed extension for the H-Anim Specification which allows for interchangable actors and dynamic behaviors. We demonstrate a standards-based approach to the complex work flow and data extraction for 3D optical motion tracking systems. We describe how to archive, annotate and treansform the whole body and segmented performance data so that they can be used more widely and with less effort. The approach is compressible, streamable, scaleable, repeatable and suitable for large-scale training and analysis, entertainment and games.

Visualizing operations environments in three dimensions (3D) supports the warfighters' ability to make rapid, well-informed decisions by presenting complex systems in a naturalistic, integrated display format. Unfortunately, constructing these environments is a time-consuming task requiring specific expertise not typically available in the command center. The future use of 3D visualization in military operations depends on the ability of personnel with minimal graphics experience to create virtual environments quickly and accurately by leveraging data-driven customization of content from model archives with the data available in the command center. Practical 3D visualization depends on standardized scene autogeneration. The Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics family of specifications is approved by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as the Web-based format for the interchange and rendering of 3D scenes. Previous work has demonstrated that an archive of X3D scenes, such as the Scenario Authoring and Visualization for Advanced Graphical Environments (SAVAGE) library, can be used to autogenerate sophisticated 3D tactical environments. Assembling and making sense of the data necessary to autogenerate a 3D environment requires context and good documentation, best accomplished through metadata. Metadata also supports data-centric, component-based design; key philosophies in promoting interoperability of networked applications. Coupled with recent developments in X3D, enhanced features of the Savage X3D Model archives are now sufficiently mature to support rapid generation of tactical environments. This thesis proposes an XML metadata standard to collect and organize the information necessary to create and populate a tactical 3D virtual environment: the Savage Modeling and Analysis Language (SMAL). The logical extension of a well designed standard is the ability to cross the boundaries of usage, allowing simulators to share data with command and control (C2) suites an

Modern technology is making virtual environments a part of daily life. However, some constraints about the usage of virtual environments, such as the need for high performance and well-configured computers, prevent users from accessing virtual environments in some places other than special computer rooms. Mobile devices may be used to solve this limitation in a virtual environment. The remote-control approach to access virtual worlds on the Internet or on a corporate network is a new concept that opens new doors to users. First step of this approach is already in use, such as games implemented for mobile devices using the screen of a mobile device as display, and has given satisfying results for some users. This research will take the user, who not only wants to be mobile but also does not want to sacrifice high resolution textures and complex models, closer to his/her goal. Mobile devices provide mobility to the user, but sacrifice not only the reality of the virtual environments but also screen size, which is very important for visibility of complex virtual environments. The hybrid approach with wireless internet connection by using mobile devices as remote control gives the user the advantages of mobility over desktop PCs. On the other hand, the realism provided by high-quality PCs on the server side exceeds the capabilities of mobile devices.

This paper describes current work in the evolution of open standards for 3D graphics on the World Wide Web (Web3D) and provides examples of application of emerging Web3D authoring, visualization, and simulation tools for military education and experimentation. The paper presents an overview of the current state of Web3D standardization activities, including establishment of conformance tests and a reference implementation. The paper describes examples of the application of web-based 3D graphics for exploring complex military battlespaces supporting Limited Objective Experiments in Anti-Terrorism / Force Protection (AT/FP) and emerging joint command and control concepts for Web-based information management.

The military is planning and conducting a large number of Limited Objective Experiments (LOEs) to explore new doctrine, organization, tactics, and technology with the objective of more rapidly transforming today’s forces to better address the threat environment of the 21st Century. Web-based 3D technology is being investigated as a tool for creating reconstructions of LOE scenarios, enabling analysts to visualize and evaluate the actions that occurred or, if applicable, should have occurred. Moreover, creation of these virtual environments allows the analyst to consider alternative events, and to view them as if they had occurred (alternative realities). These alternatives can form the basis for deeper analysis of the scenario employed in the experiment or for planning follow-on experiments, to be conducted in the real world or in the virtual world. Indeed, the virtual world itself becomes an experimentation environment that can be manipulated by the analyst or explored through simulation techniques, such as agent-based simulation, to examine the space of potential outcomes. This paper describes work performed by the Naval Postgraduate School in support of a Force Protection LOE and a Joint Futures Laboratory Peer-to-Peer Communications LOE using web-based 3D graphics, with preliminary agent-based simulation to explore the range of potential scenario outcomes.