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A growing body of research has explored the effects of Covid-19-induced online learning on students' experiences. However, there is a lack of validated tools that measure the perceived online learning experiences of domestic and international students in various national and cultural contexts. To address this gap, this article aims to develop the Student Online Learning Experience Scale (SOLE-S). We conceptualised four potential dimensions of students' perceptions of their online learning experiences: online interactions with students, teachers, university, and technology (i.e. students' capacity to participate in online learning). Confirmatory factor analysis determined three distinct factors: online interactions with students, the university (including teachers), and technology. Based on multiple validation studies reported in this article, the 10-item SOLE-S demonstrated sound internal consistency, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis on data from domestic and international students transitioning from conventional classroom learning to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, France, Poland, and the UK showed a stable factor structure across different cultural contexts. Bivariate and point-biserial correlation analyses revealed that the SOLE-S is associated with students' adjustment, performance, satisfaction, and loyalty to the university. This tool will assist higher education institutions in monitoring students' online learning experiences and developing relevant support structures to enhance their academic experience and well-being during the pandemic and post-pandemic online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research linking parental practices with children’s social development yields inconsistent results, warranting culture-sensitive models to explain the various trajectories of child development. This study explores disciplinary practices and perceptions of disciplinary situations among nine Chinese mothers. Thematic analysis of interview data refined a model of parental practices that considers Chinese mothers’ references to emotions and various strategies used in discussions with their children. Recurring cultural patterns focused on the child’s emotions and positioned the child as a central figure. Moreover, the model revealed that constructing the child as a mature or immature agent reflected the transformation model of social development, while self-perceptions as a dominant agent in the parent-child relationship suggested traditional aspects of Chinese culture in their concept of upbringing. Future research could validate this model on Chinese families functioning in diverse cultural environments, as well as multicultural and expatriate families in China and other national cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the student online learning experience (SOLE) during the 2020 spring COVID-19 pandemic. We collected quantitative data through an online survey from 362 international students and 488 domestic students at a large Polish University. Correlation and path analysis within a conceptual model of SOLE and its academic outcomes established that (1) SOLE explained adjustment, performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (2) academic adjustment predicted performance, satisfaction, and loyalty; (3) academic performance and satisfaction predicted student loyalty; and (4) academic performance predicted satisfaction. Interestingly, time spent in quarantine/self-isolation did not exert any effect on academic outcomes in SOLE. Moreover, qualitative data collected via narrative interviews with 13 students (11 international and 2 domestic) developed our understanding of SOLE and its outcomes. We propose some research and practice implications for universities to enhance SOLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Media Research / Zeszyty Prasoznawcze is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine a structure of brand personality at an ecological level and to develop norms for positioning a particular brand in relation to other brands by means of brand personality scales. Methodology: We present the results of a study in which 1,642 participants aged 15 to 82 (mean 35.3; 51.9% females) were involved. Each respondent marked three to four brands from different categories of goods and services on a 20-item adjectival list for measuring brand personality. As a result, 6,548 descriptions of 224 brands from 46 categories were collected. Findings: Our analyses show that the structure of the differences among brand personalities on the Polish market can be described in terms of four dimensions: competence, spontaneity, subtlety, and egoism. The established dimensions explain 85% of the variance. A distribution of the results within the scales applied served as a basis for establishing specific norms for each of the four scales. Limitations: The norms established have a country-level character and are inclusively adequate and reliable for companies that purchase products and services on the Polish market. Originality: Our study presents a new, ecological approach to thinking about brands. Namely, it enables a more precise determination of the position of a certain brand in relation to many other competing brands and allows for a more efficient use of the potential for constructing brand personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]