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BackgroundCaregivers’ oral health literacy (OHL) assessment results have been found to be related to their children’s oral health status. A further aspect of this relationship may be the role of caregivers’ reading habits. ObjectiveOur goal was to describe the relationship between caregivers’ multimodal (digital and print) and multilingual (English and Chinese) reading habits, their OHL, and their child’s oral health status in Hong Kong. MethodsA random sample of 301 child-caregiver dyads was recruited from kindergartens in Hong Kong. Data included sociodemographic information and caregivers’ self-reported digital print and reading habits across two languages (Chinese and English). Caregivers’ OHL levels were assessed by two locally developed and validated oral health literacy assessment tasks: Hong Kong Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30 (HKREALD-30) and the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Pediatric Dentistry (HKOHLAT-P). Children’s oral health status was assessed using two measures: dental caries experience (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and oral hygiene status (Visible Plaque Index). ResultsBivariate variations revealed significant differences in mean OHL scores between caregivers with different reading habits (P.05). ConclusionsCaregivers’ habits of reading print and digital Chinese texts are significantly associated with their OHL scores. Their reading habits, however, do not affect their children’s oral health status.

Objectives Subjects and Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the effect of adiposity status, salivary physicochemical parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers on the salivary abundance of the two main cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus among Hong Kong adolescents.This study included 180 adolescents aged 12–15 years from Hong Kong local secondary schools. Anthropometric measurements and oral health examinations were performed. Saliva samples were collected to measure salivary physicochemical parameters, protein biomarker levels, and salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and total bacteria.Adolescents with general overweight/obesity or central obesity had significantly higher salivary Streptococcus mutans abundance and total bacterial load, lower stimulated salivary flow rate, and lower secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA levels than the lean controls. Adolescents with general overweight/obesity (OR = 3.33; 95% CI: 1.28–8.65) and those with central obesity (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.02–6.00) had a significantly higher chance of having high salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans than the lean controls after adjusting for confounders, with a similar detection rate of salivary Streptococcus sobrinus.General overweight or obesity and central obesity were associated with a high salivary abundance of Streptococcus mutans but had no significant effect on salivary Streptococcus sobrinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (ID) typically have poorer oral health. Oral diseases have a microbiological origin, and thus, dental plaque control (DPC) is key to safeguard their oral health. Methods: A structured search strategy was applied to screen oral health promotion initiatives for DPC among children and adolescents with ID following PRISMA statements. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Results: From 1,455 citations, 22 studies informed this review. Seven studies related to mechanical interventions and 13 to chemical interventions. Qualitative analyses found conventional toothbrushes were less effective than modified toothbrushes but quantitative analyses were conflicting. Of the nine studies that compared chlorhexidine to placebos, seven reported chlorhexidine was more effective than placebos. Meta-analysis favoured chlorhexidine to placebos (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.34-0.63). Conclusions: Both mechanical and chemical interventions are effective for DPC. It is unclear whether they are alternative means for DPC or whether they are best employed together.

Background: A visual-verbal integration model (VVIM) was used to train parents and their children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to dispense a pea-sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste, aiming to balance the occurrence of dental caries and fluorosis. Method: Participants were 370 pairs of IDD preschool children and their parents. A two-phase pre-post-intervention study was performed. The weight of toothpaste was calculated by a portable electronic compact balance. Results: A quarter of parents and <20% children dispensed the appropriate amount at baseline. Almost 85% parents and 50% children achieved the pea-sized amount after intervention. Half of the children continued to use the recommended toothpaste amount after 6 months. Children with higher intellectual functioning and conceptual skills were more likely to dispense the pea-sized amount of toothpaste. Conclusions: Visual-verbal integration model training had a desired impact on parents' toothpaste-dispensing performance. Children with higher adaptive skills may benefit from VVIM training.

Cross-infection risk induced by dental-related droplets and aerosol particles has challenged service providers and patients alike. The dental clinic has been widely treated as one of the most vulnerable healthcare organizations with a high exposure risk to infection. The present study aims to investigate the effect of high-volume evacuation (HVE) on the emitted droplets and aerosol particles during dental atomization procedures. Ultrasonic scaling, one type of atomization procedure, is performed in the dental clinic. The laser light scattering method is employed to visualize the immediate moment with and without the cooperation of HVE on ultrasonic scaling. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition analysis is employed to investigate the turbulent flow characteristics. The previous hypothesis about the moderate performance of HVE on tiny high-velocity droplets has been proven in the present study. The HVE can be characterized as significantly low-threshold measures to reduce the contaminated region. Besides, a pair of vortexes presented near the facial region of dental professionals will be eliminated when cooperating with HVE. The HVE can significantly reduce the emitted droplets (about 60%) and the airborne lifetime of suspended particles. HVE acting as additional mitigation measures could augment traditional/primary decontamination strategies such as ventilation and personal protective equipment.

Objectives To investigate the impact of adaptive functioning and oral hygiene practices on tooth-brushing performance among preschool children with special health care needs (SHCN). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Special Child Care Centers. Children's tooth-brushing performance was assessed by a standardized 13-step pro forma. Information regarding children's socio-economic status, adaptive skills, and oral hygiene practices were collected. Bivariate analysis and ANCOVA were used to explore the potential factors which might be associated with children's tooth-brushing performance. Results The tooth-brushing assessment was provided to 379 children with SHCN. Approximately 3% of the recruited children performed the whole tooth-brushing procedure independently. The number of tooth-brushing steps practiced by those children was 4.47 ± 3.56. Children who had established tooth-brushing habit before age one practiced more tooth-brushing steps than children who brushed their teeth after age one (p = 0.029). When children's age, gender, and socio-economic status were adjusted, children who had established regular tooth-brushing habit or children who had high levels of adaptive skills showed better tooth-brushing performance than their peers. Children who used gauze, cotton swab, or dental floss to clean their teeth practiced fewer key tooth-brushing steps than their peers who had never used additional cleaning approaches (p = 0.038). Conclusions for Practice Children's tooth-brushing performance was associated with adaptive skills and oral hygiene practices. Tooth-brushing training should be provided to children with SHCN in early childhood. For children who had limitations in adaptive functioning, parental assistance or supervision is recommended to guarantee the efficacy and safety of daily tooth brushing., Author(s): Ni Zhou [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hai Ming Wong [sup.3] , Colman McGrath [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.194645.b, 0000000121742757, Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong [...]