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Background: The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) has been proven to be associated with drug and food craving. NAcc ablative neurosurgery has been suggested to modulate the balance of the brain reward system and thus alleviate drug dependence in patients. It has been hypothesized that it would also alleviate food craving in patients as well as altering their nutritional status. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the effect of NAcc neurosurgery on drug craving and nutritional status in patients with drug dependence at 5 years postoperatively. Methods: The study included 100 patients with NAcc surgery and 92 patients without surgery. Body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BF%) were examined to assess nutritional status, and questionnaires were administered to assess drug craving. Results: Compared with the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients from the surgery group, the nonrelapse patients from the surgery group had higher BMI and BF% but lower drug craving. There were no significant differences between the nonsurgery group and the relapse patients in BMI, but the relapse patients had higher drug craving than the nonsurgery group. Conclusions: Long-term follow-up suggested that NAcc ablative neurosurgery would alleviate drug craving and yield a better nutritional status if individuals sustained abstinence. It would increase drug craving but would not ruin the nutritional status of patients even when individuals relapsed postoperatively. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To verify the efficacy and safety of calcined cattle bone grafting material in filling alveolar bone defect after tooth extraction., Methods: A randomized, bind, parallel, positive-control multicenter clinical trial was conducted. A total of 280 subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (calcined cattle bone group) or control group (Bio-Oss group) equally. The main efficacy indicator was the imaging changes 24 weeks after material implantation. Secondary efficacy indicators were wound healing, rejection, bone metabolism, post-filling symptoms and signs of bone infection. The safety of material was assessed by the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. SAS 8.2 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: A total of 280 cases were included, of them 267 cases completed the study while 13 cases fell off. The effective rate of FAS(PPS) was 90.58%(97.46%) in the experimental group and 87.05% (95.04%) in the control group. The difference of effective rate between the experimental group and control group (95%CI) was 3.53% (-3.88%, 10.94%) of FAS, 2.42% (-2.38%, 7.22%) of PPS, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. The incision healing of the two groups was good, and the incidence of rejection, bone infection signs, post-filling symptoms and bone metabolic changes was very low. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the two groups, and no serious adverse events related to the study materials occurred., Conclusions: The efficacy of calcined cattle bone grafting material in filling alveolar bone defect after tooth extraction is not inferior to that of Bio-Oss, and it is safe and effective for alveolar bone defect repair.

Purpose: To explore the application value of 3D printing technology under three-dimensional reconstruction in mandibular reconstruction., Methods: Eighty-four patients with mandibular defect reconstruction were divided into two groups by different operation methods: 3D group(n=42) and control group(n=42). Patients in the control group underwent routine operation, while patients in the experimental(3D) group underwent three-dimensional reconstruction with 3D printing technology. The operation conditions, incidence of complications, recovery of facial features and occlusal relationship were recorded. SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data., Results: The operation time of 3D group was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and the amount of bleeding was significantly less than that of the control group(P<0.05). The recovery rate of facial appearance and occlusal relationship in 3D group was significantly higher than in the control group(95.24% vs 78.57%, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the movement distance of mandibular points in 3D group was significantly smaller before and after operation(P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of chewing function and pronunciation recovery in the two groups were close(P>0.05), but compared with the control group, the satisfaction scores of appearance recovery in the 3D group were significantly higher(P<0.05)., Conclusions: 3D reconstruction under 3D printing technology can reduce intraoperative bleeding, shorten the operation duration, and achieve good shape recovery with high degree of satisfaction.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of miR-138 targeting PLD2 gene on proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells., Methods: After oral cancer cells were transfected with miR-138, the expression level of microRNA-138 was detected by RT-PCR assay, the proliferation ability was detected by MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell migration assay was used to detect cell migration ability, Western blotting assay was used to detect the expression levels of MMP-9, PLD2 and cyclin D1 in gastric cancer cells. Luciferase assay was used to report the targeting relationship between microRNA-138 and PLD2 gene. SPSS 21.0 software package was used to analyze the data., Results: After miR-138 was transfected into oral cancer cells, the relative expression level of miR-138 was 4.28±0.16, which was significantly higher than that of blank control and miR-NC group (P<0.05). Luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the relative activity of PLD2 wild plasmid luciferase was significantly lower in oral cancer cells transfected with microRNA-138 than in other groups (P<0.05); The expression level of PLD2 gene in miR-138 group was significantly lower than that in blank control group and miR-NC group (P<0.05). After oral cancer cells were transfected with miR-138, the proliferation ability of oral cancer cells in miR-373 group was significantly lower than that in control group and miR-NC group (P<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the ratio of G0/G1 phase was (64.39±6.49)% in the group of miR-138, which was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the group of miR-NC(P<0.05); The ratio of S phase in the group of miR-138 was(13.28±3.16)%, which was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the group of miR-NC (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the ratio of G2/M phase among the groups (P>0.05). Transwell experiment showed that the number of migrating cells transfected with miR-138 in oral cancer cells was 138.46±24.37, which was significantly lower than that in blank control group and miR-NC group(P<0.05). Western blotting experiments showed that the relative levels of MMP-9, vimentin and cyclin D1 in the miR-138 group were 0.14±0.04, 0.17±0.02 and 0.15±0.03, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and the miR-NC group(P<0.05)., Conclusions: miR-138 can target PLD2 gene expression and inhibit the proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells.

Purpose: To exploring the expression of PV16E6 gene and p53 gene in patients with oral carcinoma and the correlation between pathological grade and clinical stage of oral cancer and expression of HPV16E6 gene and p53 gene., Methods: One hundred and seventy-three cases of oral cancer, 98 cases of oral precancerous lesions and 79 cases of peri-cancerous normal tissue were selected. The expression of HPV16E6 and p53 was detected by immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software package., Results: In oral carcinoma, the expression rate of HPV16E6 was 81.5% (141/173), the expression rate of p53 was 23.7% (41/173); in oral precancerous lesions, the expression rate of HPV16E6 was 39.8% (39/98), the expression rate of p53 was 57.1% (56/98); in peri-cancerous normal tissues, the expression rate of HPV16E6 was 2.5%(2/79), the positive expression rate of p53 was 89.9%(71/79). There was significant difference in the positive expression rate of p53 and HPV16E6 among 3 groups. The expression of HPV16E6 in oral cancer was significantly higher than in the other two groups(P<0.05); the expression rate of p53 in oral cancer was significantly lower than the other two groups. In addition, with the advance of clinical stage and pathological grade, the positive expression rate of HPV16E6 increased gradually, while the positive expression rate of p53 was significantly decreased (P<0.05)., Conclusions: HPV16E6 protein and p53 protein may play an important role in the occurrence and progress of oral cancer.

The contactin 1 (CNTN1) gene exerts oncogene‑like activities and its expression has been linked to several human malignancies. In this study, a possible association between CNTN1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was examined. CNTN1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in OSCC tissues of 45 patients. For the immunohistochemical assessment of CNTN1 expression, the cytoplasmic staining labeling index was analyzed using a semiquantitative score. The association between CNTN1 protein levels and clinicopathological factors was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test for categorical variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. The effects of CNTN1 expression on overall and disease-free survival were assessed by using univariate survival analysis. The transcript levels of CNTN1 were detected in OSCC cell lines. In addition, specific siRNA against CNTN1 was applied to investigate the effect exerted by CNTN1 ablation on OSCC cell lines by proliferation and invasion assays in vitro. During follow-up, 16 patients (35.56%) had succumbed to OSCC; the median follow-up of patients was 5.0 years (range, 0.2-8.3). A high expression of CNTN1 was markedly associated with the regional lymph node metastasis of patients with OSCC (P=0.006). CNTN1 expression was significantly associated with overall survival of patients with OSCC (P=0.032; log-rank test) and disease-free survival of patients with OSCC (P=0.038; log-rank test). In addition, CNTN1 ablation notably suppressed the invasion potential of OSCC cell lines, but there was no significant change in the proliferation of OSCC cell lines by CNTN1 knockdown in vitro. The study supports CNTN1 as a novel predictor of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with OSCC and a prognostic marker for OSCC in patients.

Objective: To conduct pharmacognostic identification of Centipeda minima., Methods: To conduct characteristic identification, micro-identification and TLC identification of Centipeda minima., Results: We established a systematic pharmacognostic identification method including characteristic identification, micro-identification and TLC identification., Conclusion: Brevilin is used as chemical reference firstly in TLC identification of Centipeda minima, and combined with characteristic identification and micro-identification, it will raise the rapidity and accuracy of the identification of Centipeda minima.