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Ytterbium lasers make possible shot-to-shot data collection of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectra at 100 kHz and higher repetition rates. At those rates, the power absorbed by the sample is appreciable and creates a steady state temperature rise and an accumulated thermal grating artifact in the spectra that can obscure weak or low concentration IR chromophores. We report the magnitude of the temperature rise, the pulse ordering by which it is created, and ways to mitigate it. Using a calibrant molecule, we measured a steady-state temperature up to 32.5 and 45 °C for laser light at 4 µm in H2O and 6 µm in D2O, respectively, for a typical optical density used in 2D IR experiments. The temperature reached a steady state in ∼60 s. The temperature rise scales with the integrated optical density of the sample across the laser spectrum. By cooling the sample cell, we returned the steady state temperature to room temperature within the laser focus. For samples that undergo rotation, the accumulated thermal grating artifact is removed using a perpendicular ⟨XXYY⟩ polarization because the permuted time-orderings of the thermal grating artifact has the orientational response ⟨XYXY⟩, which decays to zero during the delay between consecutive laser pulses. The procedure described in this study can be used to characterize and minimize the thermal effects in experiments where repetition rate and/or pulse energy cause an appreciable temperature rise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the threshold photoionization cross sections from the excited states of lutetium and ytterbium atoms were investigated by the laser pump–probe scheme under the condition of saturated resonant excitation. We obtained the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra of the lutetium and ytterbium atoms of the lanthanide metals in the range of 307.50–312.50 nm and 265.00–269.00 nm, respectively; the photoionization cross sections of the 5d6s(1D)6p(2D05/2) and 5d6s(3D)6p(2P01/2) states of lutetium and the 4f13(2F0)5d6s2(J = 1) states of ytterbium above threshold regions (0.4–1.6 eV) were measured, and measured values ranged from 2.3 ± 0.2 to 17.7 ± 1.5 Mb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Na2O–CaF2–ZnO–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses with different Zn/Si ratios were prepared using the melt-quenching technique. The thermal stability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, the absorption spectra were also analyzed to gather more information about their properties. The down-conversion luminescence corresponding to the strongest fluorescence at a wavelength of 547 nm was obtained under the 378 nm excitation, and a 4S3/2 level fluorescence lifetime was studied. By utilizing a laser pump with a wavelength of 980 nm, the process of both up-conversion and down-conversion luminescence was accomplished. In particular, the glasses substantially enhance fluorescence properties when the Zn/Si ratio is about 0.16. The changes in the Zn/Si ratio lead to modifications in the glass network structure, changing the coordination field environment around the fluorescence center and ultimately impacting the luminescence properties of the rare-earth ions. These effects are evidenced through the findings obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of the glass material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal Er3+/Yb3+ co‐doped LaZrTa3O11 (LZTO) phosphor was prepared by molten salt synthesis with B2O3 flux. Holding temperature, holding time, solute and solvent ratio were regulated. The green upconversion luminescence (UCL) integral intensity of the optimal sample can reach 29.2% of β‐NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ under 980 nm laser excitation. This outstanding pure green UCL is due to the low phonon energy, Er3+/Yb3+ monolayer (2D) distribution, asymmetry of Er3+/Yb3+ doped lattice sites, and low oxygen vacancy. The maximum relative temperature sensitivity attains 0.01221 K−1 at 303 K by employing luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) technique. LZTO:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphor can be used in temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although an increasing number of studies are being devoted to the field of corrosion, with topics from protection to sensing strategies, there is still a lack of research based on environmentally eco-friendly materials, which is essential in the transition to sustainable technologies. Herein, environmentally friendly composites, based on photoluminescent salts dispersed in vegetable oil-based resins, are prepared and investigated as corrosion sensing coatings. Two salts NaA, where A- is a lanthanide complex anion (with Ln = Nd3+, and Yb3+), are incorporated into the resins as active functional fillers and different coatings are prepared on carbon steel substrates to assess their functional properties. The influence exerted by a corrosive saline solution on the morphology, structural, and photoluminescent properties of the coatings is evaluated, and their suitability for the practical detection of the early corrosion of coated carbon steel is demonstrated. The photoluminescence of the composite coatings depends on the corrosion time, with the effect being more important for the coatings doped with Nd3+. The present work shows that the composites obtained are suitable candidates for corrosion sensing coating applications, offering improved sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting approach of including an upconverter in the MoS2 counter electrode can yield broadband light harvesting Pt-free DSSC assembly. Here different upconverter (UC) nanoparticles (Yb, Er incorporated NaYF4, YF3, CeO2 & Y2O3) were synthesized and loaded in MoS2 thin film by hydrothermal method. The inclusion of UCs in MoS2 films exposed without any secondary formation of upconverters and the uniform deposition of the films are confirmed through XRD and FESEM analysis respectively. The absorption spectrum (UV-Vis-NIR) confirms the increase in absorption intensity in visible and NIR regions due to the incorporation of UCs. Under 980 nm excitation, the UCs-loaded MoS2 films show emission in blue (450–490 nm), green (520–540 nm) and red (600–700 nm) regions due to the f-f inner transition occurring in the Er ions. The oxide and fluoride UCs-based DSSCs were fabricated with an FTO/TiO2/N719/Triiodide electrolyte/UC@MoS2/FTO assembly. Oxide UCs show greater electrocatalytic activity, which might be owed to the films exposed with more catalytic active sites favourable for ion transportation in the I−/I−3 electrolyte. Among them, higher photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.1% was witnessed for (Y2O3: Er, Yb) @MoS2 counter electrode-based DSSC which is due to the good conductivity (RS) of the film, the longer electron lifetime and photon harvesting enhancement by upconversion process. It is notably convinced that the UC-loaded MoS2 films can be used as an effective counter electrode for the possible realization of upconverter DSSC and used for broadband light absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: gamma ray shielding; solar cells; w-LEDs. This study explores the physical, radiation shielding, optical, and photoluminescent properties of PbO2-SiO2-based glass systems. Traditional radiation shielding materials, like lead and concrete, face challenges due to toxicity and weight. Glass materials provide an alternative, offering transparency and efficiency. Four glass systems were analyzed: PbO2-SiO2 (PS), PbO2-SiO2-CeO2 (PSC), PbO2-SiO2-Eu2O3 (PSE), and PbO2-SiO2-Yb2O3 (PSY). The results show that rare earth elements densify the glass network, thereby enhancing radiation attenuation properties, quantified through parameters like the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), the half-value layer (HVL), and the mean free path (MFP). The PSY system exhibited the best shielding properties, demonstrating its potential for use in gamma ray shielding. Samples PS0–PS3 revealed semiconducting behavior and may be considered a promising host matrix for solar cells and w-LED applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of single doping with different rare earth elements (Y, La, and Yb) on the structural, morphological and electrical properties of CaMnO3 bulk ceramics, aiming to improve their thermoelectric performance. Ca(1‐x)RxMnO3 (R = Y, La, Yb; x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) samples were synthesized via a solid‐state reaction. XRD analysis confirmed the thermoelectric CaMnO3 phase as the major one, with orthorhombic perovskite structure. Small amounts of secondary phases (CaMn2O4 and Mn2O3) were also detected in some doped samples. The addition of dopants influenced the unit cell parameters, producing a shift to lower 2θ angles, confirming their incorporation into the ceramic structure. SEM micrographs revealed a significant reduction in grain size upon doping. Electrical resistivity measurements showed a metallic behavior for all doped samples. The Y‐doped samples exhibited the highest resistivity values while the Yb‐doped samples showed the lowest values (6.8 mΩ cm for the 0.10 doped one), which are among the lowest found in literature for this compound. The Seebeck coefficient values show minor changes for 0.05 doped samples when they decreased with increasing concentration of dopant. Consequently, the highest values were observed for 0.05‐doped sample (−215 µV/K), independently of the dopant. This value is much higher than the ones typically reported in the literature. The highest value of the power factor was calculated for the 0.05 Yb doped sample, reaching approximately 0.56 mW/K2·m at 800°C. This value is higher than the best presented in the literature for this compound, to the best of our knowledge, and suggests that Yb3+ doping greatly enhances the high‐temperature thermoelectric performance of bulk CaMnO3 ceramics, making it a promising dopant for high‐efficiency thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a comparative experimental study of supercontinuum generation in undoped scintillator crystals: bismuth germanate (BGO), yttrium orthosilicate (YSO), lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) and gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), pumped by 180 fs fundamental harmonic pulses of an amplified Yb:KGW laser. In addition to these materials, experiments in yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), potassium gadolinium tungstate (KGW) and lithium tantalate (LT) were performed under identical experimental settings (focusing geometry and sample thickness), which served for straightforward comparison of supercontinuum generation performances. The threshold and optimal (that produces optimized red-shifted spectral extent) pump pulse energies for supercontinuum generation were evaluated from detailed measurements of spectral broadening dynamics. The measured cut-off wavelengths at the short-wavelength side are in line with the general trend of blue-shifted spectral broadening on the bandgap of nonlinear material. All the nonlinear materials produced reasonable red-shifted spectral broadenings under conditions of optimal pump pulse energies, with the largest red-shift exceeding 2000 nm measured in GGG crystal. Our results revealed that GGG and BGO (which also had the lowest supercontinuum generation threshold) offer durable, optical damage-free performance at a laser repetition rate of 200 kHz, suggesting that these materials are good alternatives to YAG and KGW for low threshold, high average power supercontinuum generation in the near- and short-wave infrared spectral ranges. We also demonstrated that scintillating properties of bulk materials could be readily studied in the filamentation regime, via multiphoton excitation using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the performance of ivy leaves marc (ILM) in adsorbing 169Yb(III) ions. Optimal adsorption occurred at a pH of 4 ± 0.2, a contact time of 24h, 169Yb(III) concentration of 200mg/L, and a temperature of 298K. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir isotherm model best described the adsorption process, with a maximum capacity of 34.736mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR and SEM analysis of ILM before and after adsorption indicates that the adsorption process is due to the ion exchange mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Y(Nb0.5Ti0.5)2O6:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors were obtained through the solid state reaction method, where the temperature dependence of up-conversion luminescence properties under 980 nm and 808 nm excitation and the potential application as optical temperature sensor were evaluated. Measurements of X-ray diffraction the formation of a single phase in all the samples analyzed. Phosphors synthetized were excited at 980 nm and 808 nm, where was observed green and red emissions correlated to transitions from Er3+ ions. The power-dependent study demonstrated that filling the levels referring to the green and red emissions involves two-photon processes for both excitations evaluated. Moreover, possible mechanistic proposals for the YNT: Er3+/Yb3+ system at 980 nm and 808 nm were elaborated based on the up-conversion (UC) emission dependence on pump power. Optical temperature-sensing properties were evaluated through fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique, where relative (SR) and absolute (Sabs) sensitivities were obtained employing thermally coupled levels (TCL) and non-thermally coupled levels (NTCL) from Er3+ ions. Sabs and SR values were compared with the other sensors based on ceramics and demonstrated that YNT: Er3+/Yb3+ system presented sensitivities values near or greater than these phosphors, indicating that the YNT: Er/Yb phosphors could be employing as optical temperature sensors in the high-temperature region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the properties of the double perovskite compound Ba2BTaO6 (B = Gd, Yb) using the "full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) based on density functional theory (DFT)" with various exchange-correlation potentials (GGA, GGA+U, and mBJ-GGA). The structural, electronic, magnetic, optical, and thermoelectric properties are explored. Ba2GdTaO6 is found to be a ferromagnetic half-semiconductor with two spin-dependent energy gaps, exhibiting stability in the ferromagnetic phase and possessing an integral magnetic moment of 7μB. On the other hand, Ba2YbTaO6 is ferrimagnetic. It shows half-metallic behavior with a semiconductor nature in the spin-up state and metallic in the spin-down state, having an integral magnetic moment of 1μB. The optical characteristics suggest their potential use in UV optoelectronic systems, including UV sensors, photodetectors, and efficient UV reflectors. Additionally, the investigated thermoelectric properties, such as the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and Figure of merit, indicate that Ba2BTaO6 (B = Gd, Yb) materials have promising potential for practical thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up-conversion luminescence (UCL) spectra of fluorophosphate glasses doped with the pair of rare-earth ions (REIs) ytterbium (4%) and thulium (0.1%) excited by radiation of a diode laser operating in steady-state mode at wavelength 975 nm are studied. Each of the observed UCL bands is a result of manifestation of several up-conversion processes (UCPs) corresponding to luminescence of thulium ions from different excited states. These UCPs are characterized by different degrees of effective nonlinearity (EN). The effect of pump power on UCL spectra formed by UCPs with different ENs is studied. The possibility of separation of spectra corresponding to individual UCPs from the total experimentally measured UCL spectrum of fluorophosphate glass doped with the pair of REIs ytterbium (4%) and thulium (0.1%) is demonstrated. The separation is based on the calculation of the EN based on the dependences of the UCL on the excitation power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsed laser sources operating in the spectral range of 1.8 to 2.1 μm draw considerable attention due to their wide range of practical applications in many areas, including medicine, sensing, materials processing, etc. In this work, we propose a pulsed Tm-doped fiber laser scheme operating in the 2 μm spectral region with pulsed pumping at 1.57 μm. The pump source consisted of a series-connected Er-Yb pulsed master oscillator and an EDFA emitting ∼400 μs pulses with an energy of 9.3 mJ. Using this setup, we made a Tm-doped fiber laser that provided 2 mJ pulses in the 2 μm spectral region with a slope efficiency of 28% from pulses at 1.57 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of silicon MIS structures with ytterbium impurity are studied using non-stationary capacitance spectroscopy of deep levels. It is established that the presence of ytterbium atoms in the bulk of the silicon substrate leads to a shift in the capacitance-voltage characteristics towards positive bias voltages and a decrease in the density Nss of the surface states of the MIS structures. It is shown that this effect depends on the concentration of ytterbium atoms in the silicon substrate of the studied structures. In MIS structures based on Si, one deep level with an ionization energy Ec-0.32 eV is detected.

Efficient removal of oxygen (O) impurities from titanium (Ti) scrap is necessary to accelerate the recycling of Ti scrap. However, deoxidation of Ti is extremely difficult, both thermodynamically and technically. In this study, we developed a deoxidation technique that uses Yb (a rare earth metal with high vapor pressure at elevated temperatures) to directly remove O dissolved in solid Ti. Experimental results showed that deoxidation using Yb in halide salt fluxes such as LiCl and LiF produced Ti with O concentrations of 520-1400 mass ppm. The O concentration in deoxidized Ti samples was reduced to a level lower than that in Ti under the Yb/Yb2O3 equilibrium, probably owing to the decrease in the activity of Yb2O3, which was the deoxidation product, caused by its dissolution in the fluxes. In contrast, when vapor of Yb metal and halide salts were supplied to Ti samples via a gas phase, the Ti samples were deoxidized to the same O concentration as that under the Yb/Yb2O3 equilibrium. This deoxidation limit was controlled by the Yb/Yb2O3 equilibrium. The supply of halide salt vapor did not affect the deoxidation limit. The proposed deoxidation method is expected to help scale up the recycling of Ti scrap and ensure efficient utilization of resources.

Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystals with a range of [Li]/[Nb] ratios (0.94, 1.05, 1.20, and 1.38) were grown by Czochraski technique. The influence of [Li]/[Nb] ratio on the concentration of doped elements in grown crystal was investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The defect structures formed at different [Li]/[Nb] ratios were studied by X-ray diffraction and INFRARED spectroscopy. The results show that, when the [Li]/[Nb] ratio increases, the segregation coefficients of Yb 3 + and Tm 3 + ions increase, while the segregation coefficient of Zn 2 + ions decreases. When the [Li]/[Nb] ratio in the melt increases to 1.20, the Zn:Yb:Tm:LiNbO3 crystal approaches the stoichiometric ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tandem organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are an innovative and promising technology aimed at enhancing the luminance and extending the lifespan of OLED applications. A significant challenge in their development lies in achieving high‐performance charge‐generation layers (CGLs). In this study, the use of a yetterbium‐silver (Yb:Ag) alloy is proposed as an assistant layer within the CGL to improve the injection of generated electrons into the electron transport layer (ETL). This enhancement is confirmed through capacitance–voltage measurements and work function analysis. Moreover, the Yb:Ag layer exhibits exceptional optical transmittance and surface uniformity. Tandem devices fabricated with the Yb:Ag alloy assistant layer exhibited a significant reduction in operating voltage, approximately halving it compared to tandem devices without a metal assistant layer. This resulted in a 2.13‐fold increase in luminous efficiency and a 1.07‐fold improvement in power efficiency compared to a single‐unit device. Thus, the integration of a Yb–Ag alloy as a CGL assistant layer is a promising strategy for improving the performance and viability of tandem OLED technologies, underscoring its potential impact on next‐generation displays and lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of Ba 3 Ca 1.18 Nb 1.82 O 9−δ were improved by substituting niobium (Nb) element with bismuth (Bi) and ytterbium (Yb) elements. Three different proton conductors, namely, Ba 3 Ca 1.18 Nb 1.82 O 9−δ (BCN), Ba 3 Ca 1.18 Nb 1.72 Bi 0.1 O 9−δ (BCNB), and Ba 3 Ca 1.18 Nb 1.72 Yb 0.1 O 9−δ (BCNYb) were prepared by solid state sintering. The electrochemical performance of BCNYb was found to be the best at 400–800 °C in the wet atmosphere. Their ion transport properties were studied by using the defect equilibrium model. The results show the improvement in proton conductivity of BCNYb. Analysis of distribution of relaxation time reveals the improvement in the grain boundary properties of BCNYb. Single cells were prepared with BCN, BCNB, and BCNYb electrolytes, and the performance of the resulting fuel cells was tested. The BCNYb-based fuel cell shows excellent electrochemical performance, indicating its promising potential as a solid-state electrolyte with excellent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactions of VOSO4·3H2O with Na2(cbdc) (cbdc2− – dianion of cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid) and lanthanide(III) nitrates taken in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 were found to yield a series of isostructural heterometallic compounds [NaLn(VO)2(cbdc)4(H2O)10]n (1Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb). These compounds are constructed from trinuclear anionic units [Ln(VO)2(cbdc)4(H2O)8]− ({LnV2}−) linked by Na+ ions into 1D polymeric chains. The crystal structures of 1Dy and 1Er were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their isostructurality with 1Tb, 1Ho, 1Tm, and 1Yb was proved by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). According to alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements, 1Dy, 1Er, and 1Yb exhibited field-induced slow relaxation of magnetization. Compound 1Er is the first representative of ErIII–VIV single-molecule magnets. Measuring the temperature dependences of the phase memory time (Tm) for 1Dy and 1Yb using pulsed EPR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the phenomenon of phase relaxation enhancement (PRE) at temperatures below 30 K. In future, this phenomenon may contribute to the evaluation of relaxation times of the lanthanide ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Petrogenetic models for the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) clan of achondrites have been challenged by the lack of substantial plagioclase in the HED record, which is at odds with the chemical composition of diogenites. Northwest Africa (NWA) 15118, an anorthositic achondrite, displays strong isotopic affinities with HEDs and has been proposed as a lunar‐style primary flotation crust of the Vestan magma ocean. Nevertheless, a geochemical link with known HEDs, particularly diogenites, remains to be demonstrated. We present major, minor, and trace element data for plagioclase and orthopyroxene in NWA 15118. Despite textural evidence for post‐crystallization shock and thermal metamorphism, transect major and minor element data reveal that igneous crystallization trends are preserved. Normalized trace element data reveal depletion in Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr in plagioclase and corresponding enrichment in orthopyroxene. Orthopyroxene in NWA 15118 does not plot on the Y versus Ti array formed by diogenite orthopyroxenes, which have a higher Ti/Y ratio. The calculated melt composition in equilibrium with NWA 15118 plagioclase has lower Ti/Y, Ti/Yb, and La/Sm ratios than melts in equilibrium with diogenite orthopyroxenes; differences in the melt compositions cannot be accounted for by the choice of partition coefficients or by single‐stage magmatic processes. Therefore, we argue that NWA 15118 and diogenites are not complementary cumulates that crystallized simultaneously from a global Vestan magma ocean. Furthermore, the modeled evolution curve of such a magma ocean does not produce the composition of NWA 15118 plagioclase equilibrium melts in Ti‐Y‐Yb space, indicating that NWA 15118 is unlikely to have been a primary flotation crust of a global magma ocean. Our findings suggest that the incompatible trace element composition of NWA 15118 likely reflects more complex, multistage magmatic processes and/or source heterogeneities than envisioned in geochemistry‐based HED petrogenetic models proposed to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ba 1.5 Sr 0.5 Zn 2 Fe 28-x Yb x O 46 (x = 0.00, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21, and 0.28) hexaferrite were synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion route to investigate the microwave absorption performance in different frequency bands. The structure has a single phase, and the variation in lattice parameter was observed due to Yb-content as host iron Fe3+ and substituted Yb3+ having different ionic radii. Microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) need to be lightweight, and the maximum crystallite size of prepared material is 41 nm. The physical properties vary with substitution, and the X-ray density value is higher than the bulk density, and the porosity of the prepared sample increases when the bulk density decreases. Micro-strain values are inverse to the crystallite size because Yb3+ has larger ionic radii than Fe3+. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns was conducted with a lower significance value. FTIR bands observed between 414 and 500 cm−1 are present due to iron-oxygen bond stretching and bending vibrations at octahedral and tetrahedral lattice sites. The cation distribution is highly responsible for the peak position of octahedral and tetrahedral sites—the dielectric constant increases with frequency because of dipole, interfacial, and electronic/atomic polarization. AC conductivity is very low, reflecting that the material can be used as a dielectric medium in the microwave frequency range's L, S, and C bands. The best MAM among all prepared materials is Ba 1.5 Sr 0.5 Zn 2 Fe 27.72 Yb 0.28 O 46 which can be used for global positioning systems, weather radar, and satellite feeds as it has an excellent dielectric loss, remarkable tangential loss, and the reflection loss in P-, L-, S-, and C-bands. Other real-life application of all prepared materials are multi-layer chip inductor and longitudinal media recording. Flowchart: Step wise synthesis procedure. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 8.3 at.% Yb-doped yttrium-scandium-aluminum garnet (YSAG) ceramics were fabricated by a modified reverse co-precipitation method followed by uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing, annealing in air and high-temperature sintering in vacuum. Spectroscopic and lasing properties were investigated in dependence on Y/Sc/Al ratio in ceramic composition. Optical transmission of Yb:YSAG ceramics in visible and near-infrared spectral range exceeds 80 % that indicates a high quality of the Yb:YSAG samples. Among all the ceramics, the Y 2.35 Yb 0.25 Sc 1.00 Al 4.40 O 12 composition demonstrates the best lasing performance and the highest slope efficiency up to 75 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of an extraction-chromatographic sorbent for lanthanide separation, prepared by impregnation of Prefilter resin with 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphonate, were studied. As demonstrated by the example of the Yb/Lu separation, in sorption from nitric acid solutions ([HNO3] < 4 M) under batch conditions, the logarithm of the lanthanide distribution ratio is a linear function of the solution acidity. In column experiments, the flow rate of the mobile phase exerts the strong influence on the Yb/Lu separation efficiency. The temperature and sorbent particle size exert weaker influence. The characteristics of the suggested sorbent are identical to those of its analog, LN2 sorbent (EiChrom, USA). The sorbent based on Prefilter resin ensures lower, compared to LN2, extractant leaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of ytterbium from nitric acid solutions with solutions of 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen 2-ethylhexylphosphonate (HEH[EHP]) in hexane was studied. The HEH[EHP] concentration was varied from 0.5 to 2.0 M; acidity, from 0.1 to 2.0 M; and lanthanide concentration, from 0.1 to 5 g/L. The dependences of the ytterbium distribution ratio on the solution acidity are described by equations of the type log D = a log[H+] + b, where the coefficient a depends on the extractant and lanthanide concentrations and varies from –1.26 to –3.0. Its variation is probably caused by the occurrence of the extraction by both cation-exchange and solvation mechanism. The model describing the dependence of the ytterbium distribution ratio on its concentration in the aqueous phase at different concentrations of the extractant and acid was suggested. The data predicted by the model reasonably agree with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth luminescent materials based on negative thermal expansion (NTE) have achieved thermally enhanced photoluminescence, but these materials typically exhibit relatively weak luminescence intensity at room temperature. In this work, adopting the cationic heterovalent substitution strategy, a series of Sc2‐2xZrxNbxW3‐1.5xO12‐3x:Yb/Er (SZNWOx:Yb/Er) phosphors are prepared by solid‐state reaction. With the increase of x value, the substitution of Sc3+ by Zr4+/Nb5+ leads to a decrease in the local symmetry of Er3+. Compared with Sc2W3O12:Yb/Er (SWO:Yb/Er), this heterovalent substitution strategy significantly improves the luminescence intensity of SZNWOx:Yb/Er while retaining its anti‐thermal quenching luminescence and negative thermal expansion properties. By comparing and analyzing the temperature dependent temperature‐dependent steady‐state/transient spectra of SZNWO0.10:Yb/Er and SWO:Yb/Er phosphors, the anti‐thermal quenching mechanism is discussed from a new perspective. The luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of the thermal coupled levels (TCL) of Er3+(2H11/2/4S3/2) is adopted for optical temperature sensing, achieving a maximum absolute sensitivity of 1.04% K−1 at 464 K and a maximum relative sensitivity of 1.08% K−1 at 298 K for the SZNWO0.10:Yb/Er phosphors. Finally, the potential applicability using the constructed flexible thin film to real‐world sensing scenarios is demonstrated, offering accurate and real‐time temperature monitoring at the local hotspot in the electronic component of the CPU chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorescence/luminescence bioimaging, utilizing rare‐earth doped nanocrystals (RENCs) within the NIR‐IIb (1500–1700 nm) sub‐window, has drawn interest for its deep penetration depth and superior resolution. Herein, Er3+/Yb3+ couple is rationally designed in topologically arranged RENCs that facilitate a boosted 1530 nm emission of Er3+ via premeditated Yb3+‐mediated energy transfer processes under 808 nm excitation. To maximize this modulation effect for boosting 1530 nm emission, a regional active ions concentration and spatial regulation strategy is explored in the optimized concentration and core–shell–shell structure (NaErF4:20%Yb@NaYbF4:20%Er@NaYF4 with a quantum yield of 16.46% in NIR‐IIb region). Leveraging the superior emission and multi‐wavelength excitation characteristics of the as‐obtained nanocrystals, a NIR‐IIb‐based ratiometric fluorescence imaging measurement is achieved under 808 and 980 nm excitation, which cannot only show the 2D distribution of probes but also provide spatial depth information (range from 0 to 2.8 mm with a tissue depth resolution of 66 µm). The findings hold significant potential for advancing both vascular science and clinical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a study on the deformability of aluminum alloy 1580 during rolling, where scandium is partially replaced with small additions of erbium (Er) and ytterbium (Yb). The samples were ingots with a cross-section of 60 × 200 mm, obtained through casting in a semicontinuous casting installation. This work included the computer modeling of the hot and cold rolling processes of ingots in the Deform-3D program, which showed that the Cockcroft–Latham criterion could be used to predict correctly the amount of total reduction leading to the emergence of cracks during the hot and cold rolling of alloy 1580 doped with small additions of Er and Yb, as confirmed by the results of a physical experiment. The subsequent hot rolling of the ingots on a double-high mill 330 and then cold rolling on the MDM ARIETE LS 400 × 240 mill confirmed the plasticity of the alloy, determined by a virtual experiment, both during hot and cold rolling. Moreover, the mechanical properties of alloy 1580 with small additions of Er and Yb after annealing in the temperature range 250–400 °C practically corresponded to the properties of alloy 1580 of the grade composition. Therefore, its scandium content can be reduced over time by replacing it with Er and Yb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the framework of luminescent rare-earth-doped glasses for near-infrared applications, TiO2-containing inorganic glasses have been recently demonstrated to be a promising alternative to commercially used high-phonon SiO2-based glasses. This study investigates the effect of TiO2 concentration on the near-infrared spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ ions in multicomponent titanate–germanate glasses. A series of glass samples in the xTiO2-(60−x)GeO2-BaO-Ga2O3-Yb2O3 system (x ranging from 0 to 50 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the fully amorphous nature of the fabricated titanate–germanate samples. Fundamental spectroscopic properties of Yb3+-doped titanate–germanate system consisting of absorption spectra, near-IR emission spectra, and luminescence decay curves have been determined based on measurement using optical spectroscopy. The intensity of the emission band at 1 µm due to the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 laser transition of Yb3+ ions increases by over 2.3-fold (TiO2 as the network former) compared to a barium gallo-germanate sample without TiO2. Our previous studies indicate that Yb3+-doped titanate–germanate glass is a promising optical material and could be successfully applied to laser technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanides were tested (Ce3+, Er3+, and Yb3+) as catalysts to produce lactic acid (LA) from the monosaccharides present in corn stover (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) resulting in ytterbium being the most active. A MW-heated system led to similar LA yield as a conventionally heated pressurized system. The maximum value of LA yield was 40% at 240 °C after 20 min of isothermal treatment regardless the starting monosaccharides, which allowed to propose a similar LA production route based on the products profile determined along time for the three monosaccharides. Temperature and time determined the product profile, observing furfural degradation at severity factors higher than 3.5, while values higher than 5.5 were needed to observe LA degradation. By increasing temperature, catalyst solubility decreased, increasing its presence in the solid residue after treatment. Xylan conversion to LA was similar as for xylose, but lower yield was obtained from microcrystalline cellulose. Corn stover presented more amorphous regions leading to higher hydrolysis yields of its cellulose fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A380-Yb (Ytterbium) alloy was prepared by the ultrasonic melting casting method, and effects of hot extrusion on the microstructure and wear properties of the alloy were studied. The results indicate that the addition of rare earth Yb can refine the microstructure of the matrix alloy. After hot extrusion (extrusion ratio of 22.56) of the as-cast A380-Yb alloy, the secondary phase in its microstructure was further refined and the distribution became more uniform. EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) organizational analysis shows that the average GND (geometrically necessary dislocation) density of extruded rare earth aluminum alloy is significantly increased, by 16.5 times that of the cast matrix alloy. In addition, there are a large number of grains parallel to the <111> orientation and <001> orientation in the extrusion direction. The alloy undergoes dynamic recrystallization during hot extrusion, and the proportion of small-angle grain boundaries is significantly reduced. Under the same friction and wear conditions, the wear rate and average friction and wear coefficient of the extruded rare earth aluminum alloy are relatively small, reduced by 53.8% and 42.6%, respectively, compared to the cast matrix alloy. Its wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear and slight plastic deformation. In addition, the study also found that under fixed other wear conditions, as the friction speed increases, the wear rate of the extruded rare earth aluminum alloy shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. However, with the increase in load, its wear rate gradually increases, and the change in wear morphology is consistent with the trend of wear rate. When the wear rate is high, the wear mechanism of the extruded aluminum alloy is mainly delamination wear and adhesive wear, and is sometimes accompanied by severe plastic deformation. When the wear rate is low, its wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Low thermal conductivities and high thermal expansion coefficients are desirable for rare-earth zirconate thermal barrier coating materials. Introduction of cation doping and adjustment of the nonstoichiometry are efficient methods for enhancing the thermophysical characteristics of materials. Herein, the thermophysical properties of Yb3+-doped nonstoichiometric gadolinium zirconate ceramic materials were investigated using first-principles calculations and solid-state reaction techniques. As the Yb3+ content increases, additional cations enter the interstitial spaces (for excess Gd3+ gadolinium zirconate) and form vacancy defects (for excess Zr4+ gadolinium zirconate), which serve as phonon scattering centres to decrease the thermal conductivity. When Yb3+ is doped at the same concentration, gadolinium zirconate with excess Zr4+ exhibits a lower thermal conductivity. Specifically, Gd 1.875 Yb 0.25 Zr 2.125 O 7 shows the lowest minimum thermal conductivity of 1.133 W/(m⸱K) (according to the Clark model) and 1.241 W/(m⸱K) (according to the Cahill model). In addition, the experimental results also suggest that the optimal content of Yb3+ is 0.25 excess Zr4+ gadolinium zirconate, which has the lowest intrinsic thermal conductivity of 1.037 W/(m⸱K) at 1300 K. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient of the Yb3+-doped excess Gd3+ nonstoichiometric material is greater than that of the doped excess Zr4+ material, this is due to the greater electronegativity difference between Yb3+ and Zr4+ than that between Yb3+ and Gd3+ and the lower binding energy of Gd-O than that of Zr-O. The experimental results and the calculated results are in good agreement. The aim of this work is to enhance the thermophysical characteristics of gadolinium zirconate ceramics for use as thermal barrier coating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth ytterbium monosilicate (Yb 2 SiO 5) is one of the most ideal candidates for environmental barrier coatings. In this paper, Yb 2 SiO 5 coating was successfully fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying technology. The effect of main gas flow rate and spraying powder composition on the microstructure and phase composition of Yb 2 SiO 5 coating were systematically investigated to solve the volatilization of SiO 2 during plasma-spraying process. The results showed that Yb 2 SiO 5 coating was relatively dense with the less internal defects under the main gas flow rate of 35 L/min, and the main gas flow rate from 30 L/min to 40 L/min had no significant effect on the melting effect of spraying powder and the porosity of coating. Yb 2 SiO 5 coating was composed of Yb 2 O 3 , Yb 2 SiO 5 two crystal phases and amorphous phase. The phase composition of coating was not affected by the change of main gas flow rate. After heat-treatment at 1400 °C for 20 h, Yb 2 SiO 5 crystal phase precipitated from the coating, and the content of Yb 2 SiO 5 phase reached 74.29 mol%, and the remaining phase was Yb 2 O 3 phase. The Yb 2 SiO 5 -25.71 mol% SiO 2 coating was still dense, the content of Yb 2 SiO 5 crystal phase was up to 97.76 mol% after heat-treatment, and the content of Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 phase was only 2.24 mol%, indicating that excessive addition of a certain amount of SiO 2 could compensate for the volatilization of SiO 2 , so as to prepare Yb 2 SiO 5 coating with approximate stoichiometric ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the increasingly serious electromagnetic wave pollution, the preparation of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials has been very urgent. High-entropy ceramics have a good prospect in the field of EWA materials due to the unique effect brought by its multi-component elements. Therefore, in this study, the composition of high-entropy ceramics was designed by utilizing the Goldschmid tolerance factor. Then the high-entropy perovskite Ba(Zn 0.2 Yb 0.2 Ta 0.2 Nb 0.2 V 0.2)O 3 ceramic (BZO) with high EWA performance was prepared by high-temperature solid-phase method. The EWA mechanism of the material was explored based on the phase composition, microstructure and electromagnetic parameters of the samples. Good impedance matching and better attenuation ability were obtained for BZO-1100 due to the crystallographic transition and interface increase. As a result, BZO-1100 achieves excellent EWA performance at a thickness of 2.12 mm, with a minimum reflection loss (RL min) of −54.09 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 2.81 GHz in the X-band. In addition, the possibility of the practical application of the BZO high-entropy ceramics is verified by electric field distribution simulations and RCS simulations. This study provides a valuable reference for the design of high-performance high-entropy perovskite ceramic absorber materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mg-based amorphous alloys have broad applications due to disordered atomic structure, thermal stability, crystallinity, low elastic modulus and high strength. In the present study, Mg–Ni–Gd–Yb–Ag alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting combined with copper roll melt spinning. The addition of trace amounts of ytterbium (Yb) improved the corrosion resistance of Mg73-XNi15Gd10YbXAg2 (x = 2,4,6,8 at.%). Electrochemical experiments, immersion tests and analysis of corrosion products by XPS and EDS showed that Mg67Ni15Gd10Yb6Ag2 exhibited the best corrosion resistance with an Ecorr of − 968 mV and an Icorr of 5.93 µA/cm2. The superior corrosion performance was attributed to the presence of corrosion passivation films comprising MgO, Mg(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, Ag2O, AgCl, Ca5(PO4)3(OH), as well as rare-earth oxides Gd2O3 and Yb2O3. These compounds efficiently shield the matrix, and the microstructure corrosion mechanism of Mg–Ni–Gd–Yb–Ag involves a cyclic process that includes surface film layer dissolution, matrix corrosion and film layer regeneration, leading to oxide attachment. The addition of the appropriate amount of rare-earth element Yb to Mg-based amorphous alloys can improve the corrosion resistance, thereby increasing the application prospects of alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LuAG-based optical ceramics co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions was successfully synthesized for the first time. The optical, spectral-luminescent, and kinetic characteristics of ceramics based on Y2.82Yb0.15Er0.03Al5O12 (YAG 5-Yb, 1-Er) and Lu2.82Yb0.15Er0.03Al5O12 (LuAG 5-Yb, 1-Er) compositions were investigated. It is demonstrated that excitation of luminescence at a wavelength of 940 nm in YAG 5-Yb, 1-Er and LuAG 5-Yb, 1-Er ceramics results in the effective transfer of excitation radiation energy from Yb3+ ions to Er3+ ions. The energy transitions that play a pivotal role in the processes of Stokes and anti-Stokes luminescence of ceramics based on YAG 5-Yb, 1-Er and LuAG 5-Yb compositions was identified, and a schematic representation of these transitions is presented. The mutual variation of the intensity of anti-Stokes luminescence bands resulting from the transitions 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 (525 nm) and 4S3/2 →4I15/2 (546 nm) was observed, with regard to the power of the excitation radiation. This study demonstrates the potential of YAG 5-Yb, 1-Er and LuAG 5-Yb, 1-Er ceramics as materials for optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline basalts produced in continental arcs should contain information different from the arc tholeiite-calc-alkaline-series magmas, and their origin could provide unique constraints on deep mantle composition and material cycling. However, due to their sparse occurrence, alkaline basalts in continental arcs have not been studied thoroughly, which hinders our understanding of the mantle diversity and subduction dynamics under continental arcs. In this study, we present new 40Ar/39Ar ages, major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data for the International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1504 alkaline basalts in the continental arc developed on the South China Block (SCB). These alkaline basalts were generated at ca. 121 Ma and display typical oceanic-island basalt geochemical characteristics. Their relatively high eNd(t) (3.5-3.7) and low (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7034-0.7040) and La/Nb (0.5-1.0) values suggest that they were mainly derived from an asthenosphere mantle source. Compared to alkaline basalts in the SCB inland, U1504 alkaline basalts exhibit lower K2O/Na2O, Zr/Sm, Zr/Y, eNd(t), and eHf(t) values, indicating the addition of minor sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The enrichment of Nb, Ta, light rare earth elements, and slight depletion of Zr, Hf, and Ti, as well as elevated Fe/Mn and Sm/Yb and low CaO, indicate that their mantle lithology was mainly garnet pyroxenite. Based upon these findings and previous studies, the garnet pyroxenite was probably formed by the interaction of upwelling asthenosphere with slab edges in the scenario of break-off of the Paleo-Pacific Plate, and such interaction diversified the mantle chemistry beneath continental arcs. In conjunction with other reported alkaline basalt data, it is proposed that the enriched asthenosphere mantle beneath the SCB had formed sequentially from inland to coastal since the late Mesozoic, and this may be related to lateral and vertical flow in the deep asthenosphere controlled by the break-off of subducted plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The design of active and inert shell in NaYF 4 :Yb,Er @ NaYF 4 UCNPs exhibits the superior luminescence under 980 nm excitation. • NaYF 4 @NaYF 4 :Yb,Nd,Er core–shell UCNPs demonstrate optimized luminescence under 808 nm laser excitation because the inert core can bring the activators into closer proximity with each other. • NaYbF 4 as an active layer improves temperature sensitivity with S r = 1.12 %K−1 under 808 nm excitation. Research on the core–shell design of rare earth-doped nanoparticles has recently gained significant attention, particularly in exploring the synergistic effects of combining active and inert shell layers. In this study, we successfully synthesized 8 types of spherical core–shell Na-based nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency of core–shell design in upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing through the strategic arrangement of inert and active layers. The most effective upconversion luminescence was observed under 980 nm and 808 nm laser excitation using NaYF 4 inert shell NaYF 4 :Yb3+, Er3+@ NaYF 4 and NaYF 4 @ NaYF4:Yb3+, Nd3+ core–shell nanostructures. Moreover, the incorporation of the NaYbF 4 active shell structure led to a significant increase in relative sensitivity in ratio luminescence thermometry. Notably, the NaYF 4 :Yb3+, Nd3+, Er3+@ NaYbF 4 core–shell structure demonstrated the highest relative sensitivity of 1.12 %K−1. This research underscores the crucial role of inert shell layers in enhancing upconversion luminescence in core–shell structure design, while active layers play a key role in achieving high-sensitivity temperature detection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-driven machine learning approaches with precise predictive capabilities are proposed to address the long-standing challenges in the calculation of complex many-electron atomic systems, including high computational costs and limited accuracy. In this work, we develop a general workflow for machine learning-assisted atomic structure calculations based on the Cowan code's Hartree–Fock with relativistic corrections (HFR) theory. The workflow incorporates enhanced ElasticNet and XGBoost algorithms, refined using entropy weight methodology to optimize performance. This semi-empirical framework is applied to calculate and analyze the excited state energy levels of the 4f closed-shell Yb I atom, providing insights into the applicability of different algorithms under various conditions. The reliability and advantages of this innovative approach are demonstrated through comprehensive comparisons with ab initio calculations, experimental data, and other theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of antimony (Sb) thin films on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag−In−Yb quasicrystal has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At low coverage, the deposited Sb yields a network of pentagons of different sizes and heights. These Sb pentagons can be mapped by a pentagonal tiling of the substrate and thus exhibit quasicrystalline long‐range order. Subsequent deposition of Sb yields a disordered film. XPS observations of the growth mode are consistent with the STM results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ytterbium silicate (Yb2Si2O7) and lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7) ceramic powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method. A novel tri‐layer La2Zr2O7/Yb2Si2O7/SiC environmental barrier coating was prepared on the surface of C/SiC composites to improve the service temperature of the coating (above the Si melting point, 1683 K). Results show that both Yb2Si2O7 and La2Zr2O7 ceramic powders had extremely high purity and were accompanied by a large number of nanoparticles. The tri‐layer La2Zr2O7/Yb2Si2O7/SiC coating can efficiently prevent the oxidation failure of C/SiC composites in 1773 K air environment for more than 100 h with slight weight loss of 5.71 × 10−3 g·cm−2 and the matching weight loss rate of 5.71 × 10−5 g·cm−2·h−1. No significant chemical reaction was observed between Yb2Si2O7 middle and La2Zr2O7 outer coatings during the oxidation process at 1773 K, indicating that the tri‐layer La2Zr2O7/Yb2Si2O7/SiC coating had better oxidation stability in 1773 K air environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration is given to the possibility of obtaining 177Lu radionuclide on the average flux research IRT-T nuclear reactor. The paper presents the results of simulating the neutron spectrum of the central channel CEC-1 of the IRT-T research reactor in the MCU program, calculations of the production of 177Lu from 176Yb2O3 in the CEC-1 neutron field and the dose rate from different radionuclides at a distance of 1 m and experiments on the production of 177Lu and its separation. The results of calculations and experiments are in agreement within an error of no more than 10% for 177Lu. The performed calculations and experiments have made it possible to carry out a preliminary assessment of the activity of 177Lu radionuclide, which can be obtained on the IRT-T research nuclear reactor, and also determine radiation protection required for working with radioactive ytterbium and lutetium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development direction of advanced solid-state lasers is higher output power and better beam quality. Rare earth ion doped yttrium aluminum garnet transparent ceramics are preferred materials for solid-state laser gain media, but thermal effects during the pumping process deteriorate the beam quality and hinder further increase in output power. The heat generation and dissipation of laser ceramics with complex configurations are more uniform during the pumping process, which can significantly reduce thermal effects. Compared with traditional preparation methods, 3D printing is able to form more complex design structures, suppress thermal effects, and achieve integration and miniaturisation of multi-module devices, driving lasers towards a wider range of applications. In this paper, several traditional methods for the preparation of laser ceramics with complex configurations are introduced firstly, and the advantages and limitations are analyzed. Then, the research status and problems in 3D printing yttrium aluminum garnet-based laser ceramics are systematically reviewed. Common 3D printing methods include direct ink writing, stereolithography, digital light processing, material jet printing, two-photon polymerization and micro-continuous liquid interface printing. Among them, there are interlayer defects in the samples printed by stereolithography and digital light processing, resulting in severe scattering losses. Material jetting printing combined with dry pressing can be used to manufacture planar waveguides. Two-photon polymerization and micro-continuous liquid interface printing are suitable for the fabrication of highly complex structures at micrometer scales. Direct ink writing not only enables the fabrication of laser ceramics for the first time, but also has the most extensive relevant research and is still the most promising method for the preparation of laser ceramics with complex configuration. At the end of this paper, the current problems and research prospects of yttrium aluminum garnet-based laser ceramics prepared by 3D printing are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]