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Abstract Accelerating perovskite solid solution discovery and sustainable synthesis is crucial for addressing challenges in wireless communication and biosensors. However, the vast array of chemical compositions and their dependence on factors such as crystal structure, and sintering temperature require time-consuming manual processes. To overcome these constraints, we introduce an automated materials discovery approach encompassing machine learning (ML) assisted material screening, robotic synthesis, and high-throughput characterization. Our proposed platform for rapid sintering and dielectric analysis streamlines the characterization of perovskites and the discovery of disordered materials. The setup has been successfully validated, demonstrating processing materials within minutes, in stark contrast to conventional procedures that can take hours or days. Following setup validation with established samples, we showcase synthesizing single-phase solid solutions within the barium family, such as (BaxSr1-x)CeO3, identified through ML-guided chemistry.

AIM: To explore the current status, research hotspots, and trends of global uveitis research to provide a theoretical basis and references for researchers in the field of uveitis, and promote further development in this area.METHODS: Relevant literatures on uveitis were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database, Wanfang database, and Web of Science core collection database since their establishment until 24 August 2023. The country/publishing institutions, research authors, high-frequency keywords, and burst keywords were visual analyzed by using software such as GraphPad Prism 9, CiteSpace 6.2. R2, and VOSviewer.RESULTS: Research teams for uveitis have been formed in various countries globally. The top three countries in terms of publications are the United States of America(7 585 papers), the United Kingdom(2 412 papers)and Germany(1 679 papers). The top three foreign institutions in terms of publications are Harvard University, Oregon Health & Science University, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, while the top three domestic institutions are Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. The analysis of high-frequency keywords and burst keywords in Chinese and English shows that research hotspots mainly focus on exploring pathogenesis and different treatment methods for uveitis. The research hotspots related to uveitis treatment are transitioning to molecular biology-related research topics, such as molecular biological signaling pathways(NF-κB signaling pathway with a strength value of 22.89), biological agents(adalimumab with a strength value of 32.21), and tumor necrosis factor(with a strength value of 48.44). Related research is also expanding to basic experiments on relevant rats.CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, the research hotspots and trends of global uveitis mainly focus on precise diagnosis, pathogenesis, and more effective treatment methods. It is important for more scholars to dedicate themselves to uveitis-related research in the future to make breakthroughs and progress in the field. More large-scale and multicenter clinical studies on uveitis can provide high-quality research evidence.

The treatment of tritiated water(HTO) produced during the operation of nuclear power plants involves the challenging process of H2O/HTO separation, for which non-radioactive H2O/HDO separation is usually used as a research model in laboratories. Recently, membrane distillation processes based on multi-layered graphene oxide membranes showed good performance for H2O/HDO separation, but further improvement still need developing novel membrane materials or structures. In view of this, mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with different lateral sizes were utilized to prepare PTFE supported graphene oxide composite membranes for H2O/HDO separation in membrane distillation:(1) two types of mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with different lateral sizes were chosen to investigate the impact of lateral size of mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets on the performance of H2O/HDO separation. The graphene oxide membrane based on GO nanoplatelets with the smaller lateral size gives the permeation flux of 0.944 L/(m2·h) and the separation factor of 1.043, and its overall separation performance is higher than that of graphene oxide membrane obtained with the larger lateral size of graphene oxide nanoplatelets; (2) mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with different lateral sizes were mixed in various mass ratios for the combination of their structural characteristics to prepare composite membranes. When the mixing mass ratio of the two sizes of graphene oxide nanoplatelets is 1:1, the resultant graphene oxide membrane exhibits permeation flux of 0.806 L/(m2·h), higher than that of the graphene oxide membrane prepared with the larger lateral size, and the separation factor of these two membranes is similar; (3) mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with the larger lateral size were etched to introduce in-plane pores. The resulted GO membrane gave enhanced H2O/HDO separation performance. These results demonstrate that the lateral size of mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets can affect the performance of corresponding membranes for the separation of H2O/HDO in membrane distillation, and the membranes based on mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with smaller lateral size or mono-layered graphene oxide nanoplatelets with different lateral sizes mixed in a certain ratio has better performance for the separation of H2O/HDO in membrane distillation. Moreover, the separation performance of H2O/HDO in membrane distillation can also be improved by introducing in-plane pores to graphene oxide nanoplatelets. Therefore, this work can guide the development of novel membrane materials or structures to achieve better H2O/HDO separation performance in membrane distillation and provide solutions for the treatment of radioactive wastewater containing tritiated water.

The insulation performance of transformer bushings is a crucial aspect that directly affects the safe operation of equipment. To diagnose the insulation status of transformer bushings and mitigate the impact of small-sample imbalanced data on diagnostic results, a particle swarm optimization combined with back propagation neural network (PSO-BPNN) and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) method are employed to fault diagnosis of transformer bushing. Initially, historical fault data of transformer bushings are gathered, and a sample set of dissolved gases in transformer oil with distinct fault categories is established. The ADASYN algorithm is used to synthesize the minority class samples in the original data, which allowed for obtaining balanced fault data. The balanced dissolved gases in oil served as the model input, and the fault status is used as the label output to diagnose the transformer bushings using the PSO-BPNN model. To diagnose the bushings under the original sample set, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), genetic combined with back propagation neural network (G-BPNN), cuckoo search combined with back propagation neural network (CS-BPNN), and PSO-BPNN models are used. The results reveal that the PSO-BPNN model based on ADASYN balanced data exhibited the highest accuracy among the various models for fault diagnosing the insulation status of transformer bushings. This approach effectively mitigate the impact of small sample imbalanced data on diagnostic results, and provide an effective method for assessing the insulation performance of transformer bushings.

Summary: The integrated stress response (ISR) is activated in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, playing a role in tumor progression and drug resistance. The regulatory role and mechanism of ISR in liver cancer, however, remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that OTU domain-containing protein 3 (OTUD3) is a deubiquitylase of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), antagonizing ISR and suppressing liver cancer. OTUD3 decreases interactions between eIF2α and the kinase EIF2ΑK3 by removing K27-linked polyubiquitylation on eIF2α. OTUD3 deficiency in mice leads to enhanced ISR and accelerated progression of N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Additionally, decreased OTUD3 expression associated with elevated eIF2α phosphorylation correlates with the progression of human liver cancer. Moreover, ISR activation due to decreased OTUD3 expression renders liver cancer cells resistant to sorafenib, while the combined use of the ISR inhibitor ISRIB significantly improves their sensitivity to sorafenib. Collectively, these findings illuminate the regulatory mechanism of ISR in liver cancer and provide a potential strategy to counteract sorafenib resistance.

Three parts of the experiment were mainly carried out in this research: the effect of Ca on inclusions in 38CrMoAl high aluminum steel under atmospheric pressure, the effect of pressure on the solubility of Ca in pure iron under pressurized conditions, and the effect of Ca on inclusions in 38CrMoAl high aluminum steel under pressurized conditions. The results indicated that Ca can significantly transform the inclusions such as Al2O3 and MgO·Al2O3 with high melting points into calcium aluminate inclusions with low melting points. It was found that the pressure condition can significantly improve the solubility of Ca in pure iron and molten steel, which provided reliable data reference and guidance for popularizing Ca treatment of steel under pressure conditions in the future. Finally, the mechanism of inclusion transformation after Ca treatment was put forward. In this study, the theoretical calculation of thermodynamics was closely compared with the experimental data. It was proposed that to modify the inclusions in high aluminum steel into calcium aluminate inclusions with low melting points, it is necessary to accurately control Ca in the target region.

Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.

Maintaining long-term stability of patient's condition is crucial in the treatment for bipolar disorder， while accurately assessing the patient's disease status is important and challenging in maintaining treatment. Excessive status expectation is common in patients with bipolar depression， which would warp the patient's perception of his or her own disease status and， thus， ultimately interfere with clinical decisions. Heightened vigilance should be given to such phenomenon. This paper explores the phenomenon and potential mechanisms of excessive status expectation in patients with bipolar disorder， providing ideas for related diagnosis， treatment and research. ［Funded by Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project （number， BE2015609）］

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common aggressive bone malignancy tumors in adolescents. With the application of new chemotherapy regimens, finding new and effective anti-OS drugs to coordinate program implementation is urgent for the patients of OS. Oridonin had been proved to mediate anti-tumor effect on OS cells, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Methods The effects of oridonin on the viability, clonal formation and migration of 143B and U2OS cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assays and wound-healing test. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore the mechanism of oridonin on OS. Western blot (WB), real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis and ferroptosis-relative proteins and genes. Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit and flow cytometry examination were used to detect the level of apoptosis. Iron assay kit was used to evaluate the relative Fe2+ content. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation production was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential detection kit and ROS assay kit. Results Oridonin could effectively inhibit the survival, clonal formation and metastasis of OS cells. The KEGG results indicated that oridonin is associated with the malignant phenotypic signaling pathways of proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in OS. Oridonin was capable of inhibiting expressions of BAX, cl-caspase3, SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 proteins and mRNA, while promoting the expressions of Bcl-2 and ACSL4 in 143B and U2OS cells. Additionally, we found that oridonin could promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ in OS cells, as well as reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and these effects could be significantly reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Conclusion Oridonin can trigger apoptosis and ferroptosis collaboratively in OS cells, making it a promising and effective agent for OS therapy.

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are considered to hold significant prospects in fields such as super-resolution imaging, high-capacity communications, and quantum optics. Therefore, the techniques of vortex beam generation have attracted extensive studies, in which the development of metasurfaces brings new vigor and vitality to it. However, the generation of reconfigurable vortex beams by metasurfaces at the incidence of arbitrary polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves holds challenges. In this study, an efficient and reconfigurable strategy utilizing PB phase-modulated circularly polarized waves and dynamic phase-modulated linearly polarized waves is proposed, enabling a polarization-locked fully polarization vortex beams generator. Based on this strategy, we designed and fabricated a prototype of the vortex beam generator for full polarization, which verifies the rotating Doppler effect and generates a time-varying vortex beam. All the results have been verified by simulation and measurements. In addition, the proposed strategy can be easily extended to other frequency regions and holds potential in areas such as information encryption, biosensing, and OAM multiplexing communication.

In order to further investigate the dosing scheme for circulating water in the steel industry，the spatial and temporal distribution of different water quality types was analyzed using principal component analysis. Moreover， the scaling index method was used to analyse the tendency of scaling in five regions under different water quality types and different concentration multiples to determine the dosing scheme. The principal component analysis showed that：groundwater was mainly affected by calcium hardness，conductivity，total alkali and chloride ions，while river water or municipal water was mainly affected by total iron and turbidity；the scaling index method shows that：groundwater was scaling for supplementary water，while river water or municipal water was corrosive for supplementary water；it was recommended that the concentration factor was 4-5 when groundwater was supplementary water，and 3-4 when river water or municipal water was supplementary water. Based on the type of water quality and the concentration factor in each area，the recommended dosing plan for each area is optimized.

Marine litter pollution is one of the top ten global environmental problems and a common environmental challenge faced by the world, and it is currently a priority environmental issue for the government of China. Based on the perspective of new economic sociology, this paper used the micro data obtained from field research in Qingdao City to build a multi-dimensional analysis framework of the public's willingness of marine litter management. The empirical results showed that the public in Qingdao City had a basic level of cognition of marine litter pollution and an urgent need for management. 70.28% of respondents were willing to support marine litter management. In participating in the management of marine litter, the public not only had the characteristics of "economic people", but also had the characteristics of "social people". Government governance, pollution awareness, social culture, and relationship networks all had a significant positive impact on the public's willingness of marine litter management, and individual social, economic, residential characteristics and other independent factors also had a significant impact.

The interaction mechanism between coal and rock masses with supporting materials is significant in roadway control, especially in deep underground mining situations where dynamic hazards frequently happened due to high geo-stress and strong disturbed effects. This paper is to investigate the strain energy evolution in the interaction between coal and rock masses with self-designed energy-absorbing props and rock bolts by numerical modeling with the finite difference method. The interaction between rock and rock bolt/prop is accomplished by the cables element and the interface between the inner and outer props. Roadway excavation and coal extraction conditions in deep mining are numerically employed to investigate deformation, plastic zone ranges, strain energy input, accumulation, dissipation, and release. The effect on strain energy input, accumulation, dissipation, and release with rock deformation, and the plastic zone is addressed. A ratio of strain energy accumulation, dissipation, and release with energy input α, β, γ is to assess the dynamic hazards. The effects on roadway excavation and coal extraction steps of α, β, γ are discussed. The results show that: (1) In deep high geo-stress roadways, the energy-absorbing support system plays a dual role in resisting deformation and reducing the scope of plastic zones in surrounding rock, as well as absorbing energy release in the surrounding rock, especially in the coal extraction state to mitigate disturbed effects. (2) The strain energy input, accumulation is dependent on roadway deformation, the strain energy dissipation is relied on plastic zone area and disturbed effects, and strain energy release density is the difference among the three. The function of energy-absorbing rock bolts and props play a key role to mitigate strain energy release density and amount, especially in coal extraction condition, with a peak density value from 4×104 to 1×104 J/m3, and amount value from 3.57×108 to 1.90×106 J. (3) When mining is advanced in small steps, the strain energy accumulation is dominated. While in a large step, the released energy is dominant, thus a more dynamic hazards proneness. The energy-absorbing rock bolt and prop can reduce three times strain energy release amount, thus reducing the dynamic hazards. The results suggest that energy-absorbing props and rock bolts can effectively reduce the strain energy in the coal and rock masses, and prevent rock bursts and other hazards. The numerical model developed in this study can also be used to optimize the design of energy-absorbing props and rock bolts for specific mining conditions.

Seawater desalination is one of the effective means to efficiently consume renewable energy and to improve the flexibility of system control in the new power system. In the optimal operation of new power systems, seawater desalination is usually considered as an entirety, and a motor equivalent model is used to simulate the overall external characteristics of seawater desalination. The characteristics of multiple sets of motors with multiple equipment processes inside the seawater desalination are neglected, which makes operation control characteristics inaccurate. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this paper firstly studies a seawater desalination system composed of 12 motors, and introduces the specific parameters of these 12 motors in detail. Secondly, after comprehensively considering the constraints of water flow, water pressure, and other factors, three control strategies are proposed for the 12 motors, respectively. Then, a detailed mathematical model of seawater desalination units and an optimal operation model of a new power system with seawater desalination are established. The optimization model aims at the minimum operating cost of seawater desalination, and considers the constraints of practical problems comprehensively such as motor power requirements and water storage capacity. Finally, the grey wolf optimization algorithm (GWO) is used in this paper to solve the optimization problem. The simulation results show that the model proposed in this paper can precisely control each unit in the seawater desalination system and improve the economic benefits of the system. Compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) and the Moth-flame Optimization algorithm (MFO), the algorithm used in this paper can find the global optimal solution, and has both faster convergence speed and wider practicability.

Multifactorial diseases demand therapeutics that can modulate multiple targets for enhanced safety and efficacy, yet the clinical approval of multitarget drugs remains rare. The integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in drug discovery has revolutionized virtual screening. This study investigates the synergy between ML/DL methodologies, molecular representations, and data augmentation strategies. Notably, we found that SVM can match or even surpass the performance of state-of-the-art DL methods. However, conventional data augmentation often involves a trade-off between the true positive rate and false positive rate. To address this, we introduce Negative-Augmented PU-bagging (NAPU-bagging) SVM, a novel semi-supervised learning framework. By leveraging ensemble SVM classifiers trained on resampled bags containing positive, negative, and unlabeled data, our approach is capable of managing false positive rates while maintaining high recall rates. We applied this method to the identification of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), where high recall rates are critical for compiling a list of interaction candidate compounds. Case studies demonstrate that NAPU-bagging SVM can identify structurally novel MTDL hits for ALK-EGFR with favorable docking scores and binding modes, as well as pan-agonists for dopamine receptors. The NAPU-bagging SVM methodology should serve as a promising avenue to virtual screening, especially for the discovery of MTDLs.

BackgroundThe neutron scintillator detector is one of the main detectors for China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). High detection efficiency is the design goal of the second-generation neutron scintillator detector, which is in process of development, composed of neutron scintillation screen, wavelength transfer optical fiber and photoelectric converter. CSNS_VASD chip is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) developed for China Spallation Neutron Source as the second-generation neutron scintillator detector.PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the performance of the front-end ASIC chip CSNS_VASD by experimental test.MethodsThe combined architecture of "ASIC test board plus digital readout board" was adopted for overall test system design. The ASIC test board was used to amplify, shape and distinguish signals whilst the digital readout board took the roles of configuring the ASIC and its auxiliary circuits, packing and caching the test data, and sending it to the back end for processing and analysis through optical fiber Ethernet. The relevant performance parameters of the chip were tested in the laboratory using exponential like wave test signal with amplitude of 10~120 MV, pulse width of 1 μs and frequency of 100 K as the input signal of ASIC chip, and the neutron beamline of CSNS.ResultsThe results show that the nonlinear error of CSNS_VASD is better than 1%, the equivalent voltage noise is better than 0.63 mV, the crosstalk value is better than 0.89%, and the detection efficiency of the detector is 40.7%@0.1 nm.ConclusionsAll of the test indexes meet the requirement of the design target. The successful development of the CSNS_VASD chip provides a reliable technical guarantee for the smooth construction of China Spallation Neutron Source.

This research endeavors to characterize the primary factors that influence the formation of Ordovician karst caves in the Keping area of China. A 3D digital model of the cave structure and fracture sets was generated using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The characterization of fracture and cavity development involved the examination of thin sections, fluid inclusion testing, and the analysis of C and O isotopes. Key parameters controlling karst development were identified through the application of multiple linear regressions and statistical analysis. The Ordovician limestone karst cave exhibited four distinct fracture sets. Set 1 consisted of partially filled fractures with a sub-horizontal orientation and a striking direction of SEE, interpreted to have formed during the Middle-Late Caledonian orogeny. Set 2 comprised inclined tensile-shear fractures with a striking direction of NEE, likely formed during the Early Hercynian orogeny. Set 3 included fully filled conjugate shear fractures with variable orientations, which developed during the Indo-Yanshanian orogeny. Set 4 comprised high-angle shear fractures with striking directions of NNE 20–40° and NEE 60–80°, formed during the Himalayan orogeny. Two stages of cave filling deposition were identified. Stage I coincided with the Middle-Late Caledonian Set 1 fractures and can be attributed to the circulation of freshwater fluid. Stage II occurred concurrently with the Early Hercynian Set 2 fractures and can be attributed to deep hydrothermal fluid circulation. The karst caves are interconnected and aligned along a fault zone. The Ordovician limestone possesses high permeability, which facilitates karst development. The lithologies in the Aksu area play a crucial role in cavity formation and dissolution. The development of cavities is influenced by the combined patterns of the fracture system, with larger fault and fracture zones resulting in larger cave sizes. As one moves away from the fault zone, limestone dissolution decreases, resulting in less pronounced karst development.

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness and influencing factors of different machine learning algorithms on soccer footwork recognition. In this paper, we use inertial sensors to obtain the basic data of soccer players’ movements, then convert them into initial data of footwork using pose representation and pose-solving filtering. The value of K mainly influences the classification accuracy of KNN, and the highest accuracy of 67.23% is achieved when K is 5. The classification accuracy of SVM is related to the choice of the distance function. The accuracy of CNN is mainly affected by the size of the convolutional kernel and the convolutional step size, and the highest accuracy is 73.82%. The machine learning-based soccer step recognition can improve the recognition accuracy of traditional physical methods and provide scientific sports guidance for soccer players’ training.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common virus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric patients. There are no HMPV vaccines or therapeutics that have been approved for prevention or treatment. In this study, we constructed a novel recombinant influenza virus carrying partial HMPV fusion protein (HMPV-F), termed rFLU-HMPV/F-NS, utilizing reverse genetics, which contained (HMPV-F) in the background of NS segments of influenza virus A/PuertoRico/8/34(PR8). The morphological characteristics of rFLU-HMPV/F-NS were consistent with the wild-type flu virus. Additionally, immunofluorescence results showed that fusion proteins in the chimeric rFLU-HMPV/F-NS could work well, and the virus could be stably passaged in SPF chicken embryos. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with rFLU-HMPV/F-NS in BALB/c mice induced robust humoral, mucosal and Th1-type dominant cellular immune responses in vivo. More importantly, we discovered that rFLU-HMPV/F-NS afforded significant protective efficacy against the wild-type HMPV and influenza virus challenge, with significantly attenuated pathological changes and reduced viral titers in the lung tissues of immunized mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that chimeric recombinant rFLU-HMPV/F-NS as a promising HMPV candidate vaccine has potentials for the development of HMPV vaccine.

Objective To introduce the Hr gene of spontaneously mutated SHJHhr mice into BALB/cAShjh inbred mice with clear genetic background,and provide a basis for study on the molecular mechanism of Hr gene mutation-induced abnormal phenotype and the application of this model. Methods Using a backcross-intercross breeding method guided by phenotypic monitoring, mutant genes from SHJHhr mice bred by spontaneous mutation were introduced into inbred BALB/cAShjh mice by homozygous mutation introgression, and the mice were bred into BALB/cA.Cg.SHJHhr (abbreviated as C.Cg.SHJHhr) mice after 10 generations. The genotypes of 90 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection sites were analyzed in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice by multiplex PCR library construction followed by next generation sequencing. Then 14 biochemical locus marker genes were detected in C.Cg.SHJHhr mice according to the method of GB/T 14927.1-2008. Finally, whole genome exon sequencing was utilized to detect the mutated genes in this mouse.Results From May 2018 to March 2022, a total of 10 generations of backcross-intercross were conducted to complete the construction of the C.Cg.SHJHhr mouse line. Among the 90 SNPs loci detected, except for rs13484115 and rs13484116, all the other loci had the same genotype as the recipient mice BALB/cAShjh. The results of biochemical marker gene detection showed that all the 14 loci of the mouse were the same as those of the recipient mouse. Whole genome exon sequencing found that the mouse had 109 site mutations compared with the recipient mouse strain, including 71 synonymous mutations, 1 stopgain, 37 missense mutations, and 20 genes involved in protein sequence alterations (including the reported Hr gene).Conclusion C.Cg.SHJHhr mice were created. Through exon sequencing and genetic analysis, three Hr mutated genes and associated mutated genes that mainly cause phenotypic variations were identified, which provides a basis for expanding the application of C.Cg.SHJHhr mice in biomedical research.

Objective To explore the regulative effect of α-Hederin on the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC and investigate its related molecular mechanism. Methods After A549 and HCC-1833 cells were treated with a concentration gradient of α-Hederin for 24 and 48 h, the OD450nm was detected by using CCK8 assays, and the IC50 was calculated.The A549 and HCC-1833 cells were divided into the blank control and α-Hederin groups in accordance with IC50 values.Cell proliferation was detected by EdU assays, and cell cycle transformation and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Cell mobility was detected by using Transwell and scratch assays.SREBP1 and FASN protein expression levels were detected through Western blot analysis, and cell lipid accumulation was detected via oil red O staining. Results The survival rate of lung cancer cells decreased significantly with the increase of α-Hederin concentration, and the IC50 values of A549 and HCC-1833 cells at 48 h were 15 and 25 μg/ml, respectively.Compared with the blank control group, cells proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited, cells were blocked in the G1/S phase, the apoptosis rate increased, and the protein expression and lipid accumulation of SREBP1/FASN significantly reduced after α-Hederin treatment. Conclusion α-Hederin can inhibit the proliferation and migration, G1/S phase transition and induce the apoptosis of NSCLC cells and hinder the malignant progression of NSCLC by downregulating the expression of SREBP1 and FASN and reducing the accumulation of cell lipids.

Ferroelectric (FE) thin films have recently attracted renewed interest in research due to their great potential for designing novel tunable electromagnetic devices such as large intelligent surfaces (LISs). However, the mechanism of how a polar structure in the FE thin films contributes to desired tunable performance, especially within the microwave frequency range, which is the most widely used frequency range of electromagnetics, has not been illustrated clearly. In this paper, we described several straightforward and cost-effective methods to fabricate and characterize Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) thin films at microwave frequencies. The prepared BST thin films here exhibit homogenous structures and great tunability (η) in a wide frequency and temperature range when the applied field is in the out-of-plane direction. The high tunability can be attributed to high concentration of polar nanoclusters. Their response to the applied direct current (DC) field was directly visualized using a novel non-destructive near-field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) technique. Our results have provided some intriguing insights into the application of the FE thin films for future programmable high-frequency devices and systems.

Oil-impregnated paper is the most widely used insulating material for power transformers. Power transformers inevitably generate a lot of heat during operation. Among them, thermal aging is one of the main forms of aging for insulating paper. In this study, the ab initio molecular dynamics method based on the density functional theory is used to simulate the cracking mechanism of cellobiose under transient high temperature. The results show that the cellobiose is relatively stable at 343 K, the motility of the cellobiose is enhanced at 1,800 K, the cellobiose starts to decompose at 2,400 K, and new characteristic products are formed at 3,000 K. The characteristic products include CO, H2O, CH3OH, H2, and CH4. These characteristic products can represent the degree of cracking of insulating paper. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of cracking of insulating paper caused by transient high temperature.

Abstract A CO2-based Enhanced Geothermal System (CO2-EGS) has dual benefits of heat extraction and CO2 storage. Mineralization storage of CO2 may reduce reservoir permeability, thereby affecting heat extraction. Solutions require further research to optimize and balance these two benefits. In this study, CO2 storage and heat extraction were simulated by alternating cyclic injection of water and supercritical CO2 into fractured granite. By analyzing the changes of ion composition in water samples and the minerals of fracture surface, the mechanisms controlling the fracture permeability with and without proppant were obtained. The results suggest that monticellite and vaterite were formed besides montmorillonite, calcite and illite after increasing the injection cycles. This promotes mineralization storage of CO2 but reduces reservoir permeability. Without proppant, the permeability decreased in three stages and the reduction rate exhibited a sharp-slow–fast–slow trend. While the use of proppant caused an increase of two orders of magnitude in permeability. Therefore, increasing the non-contact area of the main fracture and the CO2 flow velocity can avoid a large decrease in permeability, which will increase the heat extraction and mineralization storage of CO2. The findings provide solutions for the CO2 emission reduction and the efficient exploitation of hot dry rock.

Abstract Monocots are a major taxon within flowering plants, have unique morphological traits, and show an extraordinary diversity in lifestyle. To improve our understanding of monocot origin and evolution, we generate chromosome-level reference genomes of the diploid Acorus gramineus and the tetraploid Ac. calamus, the only two accepted species from the family Acoraceae, which form a sister lineage to all other monocots. Comparing the genomes of Ac. gramineus and Ac. calamus, we suggest that Ac. gramineus is not a potential diploid progenitor of Ac. calamus, and Ac. calamus is an allotetraploid with two subgenomes A, and B, presenting asymmetric evolution and B subgenome dominance. Both the diploid genome of Ac. gramineus and the subgenomes A and B of Ac. calamus show clear evidence of whole-genome duplication (WGD), but Acoraceae does not seem to share an older WGD that is shared by most other monocots. We reconstruct an ancestral monocot karyotype and gene toolkit, and discuss scenarios that explain the complex history of the Acorus genome. Our analyses show that the ancestors of monocots exhibit mosaic genomic features, likely important for that appeared in early monocot evolution, providing fundamental insights into the origin, evolution, and diversification of monocots.

ObjectiveTo develop a determination method for streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in cheese using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.MethodsThe samples were extracted with 20 mmol/L Na2HPO4 solution （pH 7.4， adjusted by 6 mol/L HCl） through sonication. The purification and enrichment were carried out by a WCX mixed-mode weak cation-exchange SPE column. The samples were separated by UPLC， ionized by electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and detected under selected reaction monitoring mode.ResultsThe linear range was 1-200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients （r） higher than 0.996. The spiked recoveries ranged from 82.2% to 116.2% with relative standard deviations of 2.67%-7.2%. The limits of detection of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin were both 5 µg/kg and the limits of quantitation were both 10 µg/kg.ConclusionThis method is rapid， simple， highly sensitive and suitable for the detection of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in cheese.

Water ramjet is the most ideal power propulsion device for high-speed underwater weapons. However, failure to start it at low-speed makes it hard for the engine to be widely used. In order to solve the problem of starting water ramjet at low-speed, a configuration scheme of water ramjet pressurized water intake system of the micro-turbine driving micro-mixed-flow pump is proposed. The design method of micro-turbine and micro-mixed-flow pump is perfected. And the simulation model of turbine and mixed-flow pump is established. The rationality of the design results was verified by numerical simulation. The matching design of the turbine and the mixed-flow pump is completed. And the working performance of the pressurized water inlet system is analyzed. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between the design results of the turbine and the pump and the target value is less than 3.2%, and the booster system can increase the fluid pressure by 2.0 MPa, reducing the starting speed of the ramjet from 90 to 63 m/s. The research results of this paper have reference value for the engineering application of water ramjet technology.

ObjectiveAn ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric （UPLC-MS/MS） method was developed to quantitatively determine the six kinds of aflatoxins in dairy products by employing a novel graphene based adsorbent.MethodsThe samples were dissolved in water and extracted by acetonitrile. After concentrated with nitrogen， the extracts were re-dissolved in the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid （1∶1）， and purified by graphene adsorbent. The analytes were separated by UPLC， and detected with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.ResultsThe linear range was 0.05-100 ng/mL with correlation coefficients （r） above 0.998. The recoveries of aflatoxins in spiked dairy product ranged from 91.0% to 118.5% with relative standard deviations of 2.39%-6.00%. The limits of quantitation were in the range of 0.01-0.05 μg/kg.ConclusionThis simple and sensitive method can be used for rapid determination of six kinds of aflatoxins in dairy products.

Given the practical issues of the traditional power system's insufficient operational flexibility in the face of changing residential power load and source-side output, demand response can effectively improve the flexibility, safety and economic benefits of system operation. The value of demand response is especially noticeable meanwhile the refined assessment of demand response potential is an important basic support. A method is proposed about evaluating aggregate demand response potential in the absence of historical demand response data based on Gaussian mixture model. Firstly, the typical data are selected through two-stage clustering of households and similar days to improve data representativeness. Then the Gaussian mixture model is introduced to accurately explore the probability distribution of household electricity consumption behavior and calculate individual households' demand response potential. Finally, the bottom-up weighted aggregation is implemented to evaluate the aggregate demand response potential under multiple confidence scenarios. According to empirical analysis, this method can mine hourly information of residential demand response potential from historical electricity consumption data, which can reflect the distribution of power load and demand response potential. Comparative analysis is used to validate the validity of typical data selection by two-stage clustering.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of a modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for treatment of V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS: Thirteen cases (23 affected eyes) of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction (+ or ++) who underwent the modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure were retrospectively reviewed. The amount of V-pattern, grade of inferior oblique overaction, degree of vertical strabismus, abnormal head posture, and the fovea-disc angle were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The V-pattern was corrected in all cases, and the amount of V-pattern reduced by 17.85±5.13 prism diopter (PD) on average (t=16.07, P

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic value of folate receptor-positive (FR+) circulating tumour cells (CTCs) as a potential tumour marker for lung cancer diagnosis. Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles published between database inception and November 2022. Eligible studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using RevMan 5.4 and STATA 17.0 software to assess the diagnostic value of FR+CTC for lung cancer. Results After screening, 11 studies involving 3469 subjects were eligible for inclusion. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.79 (95% CI 0.76, 0.82) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.81, 0.96), respectively, and the pooled positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.90 (95% CI 4.25, 5.65) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.22, 0.29), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 19.70 (95% CI 16.06, 24.16). The AUC of the pooled summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.89 (95% CI 0.85, 0.91). Sensitivity analysis showed that this result was stable after one-by-one study elimination. Conclusion Folate receptor-positive CTCs may have good diagnostic value in lung cancer.

Equivalence ratio (Φ) is one of the most important parameters in combustion diagnostics. In previous studies, flame color characteristics have been widely applied to model the Φ of premixed hydrocarbon flames. The flame spatial characteristics also change with the varying Φ. In this paper, a high-speed color camera was employed to capture the premixed propane flame images under different Φ conditions (Φ = 0.93 to 1.53). Then, the relationship between the spatial characteristics and the Φ variation was investigated. The area and height of propane premixed flames perform a strong sensitive response to the Φ variation. Based on the research above, the Φ measurement models were constructed using color and spatial characteristics. A comparison was made between the color characteristics (Color-Φ) model and the color-spatial characteristics (Multi-dimensional-Φ) model. Both models were applied to a set of color images of a premixed propane flame, and the result indicates that the Multi-dimensional-Φ model performs with higher accuracy.

The ubiquitin ligase Nrdp1/RNF41 promotes the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of multiple important substrates, including BRUCE/BIRC6, a giant ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme inhibiting both apoptosis and autophagy. miR-183-5p is associated with various malignancies potentially by targeting dozens of genes. Here, we show that the lncRNA LINC00960 binds to the Nrdp1-targeting miR-183-5p and promotes apoptosis. Compared to other known miR-183-5p targets, Nrdp1 mRNA is among the few with top scores to complement miR-183-5p. miR-183-5p binds to the 3′UTR of Nrdp1 mRNA and downregulates Nrdp1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The miR-183-5p mimics inhibit DNA damage-induced apoptosis probably by upregulating BRUCE level, whereas the miR-183-5p inhibitor suppresses the effects of miR-183-5p. LINC00960 is the noncoding RNA with the highest score to complement miR-183-5p. LINC00960 overexpression reduces, but its knockdown increases, the level of miR-183-5p, whereas LINC00960 overexpression increases, but its knockdown decreases, the level of Nrdp1 and apoptosis. Importantly, the expression of LINC00960, which is associated with multiple types of tumors, positively correlates with that of Nrdp1 in several tumors but inversely correlates with that of miR-183-5p in multiple human tumor cell lines, as analysed by quantitative PCR. Thus, miR-183-5p downregulates Nrdp1 expression and inhibits apoptosis, whereas LINC00960 upregulates Nrdp1 and promotes apoptosis by inhibiting miR-183-5p. These results may provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of apoptosis-related diseases, such as tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.

It is well known that a sufficient and necessary condition for a continuous function gg to be almost periodic on time scale T{\mathbb{T}} is the existence of an almost periodic function ff on R{\mathbb{R}} such that ff is an extension of gg. The purpose of this article is to extend these results to Sp{S}^{p}-almost periodic functions. We prove that the necessity is true, that is, an Sp{S}^{p}-almost periodic function on T{\mathbb{T}} can be extended to an Sp{S}^{p}-almost periodic function on R{\mathbb{R}}. However, a counterexample is given to show that the sufficiency is not true in general. By introducing a concept of minor translation set and characterizing the almost periodicity on T{\mathbb{T}} in terms of this new concept, we obtain a condition to ensure the sufficiency. Moreover, we show the necessity of this condition by a counterexample.

By precisely controlling the distance between two train sets, virtual coupling (VC) enables flexible coupling and decoupling in urban rail transit. However, relying on train-to-train communication for obtaining the train distance can pose a safety risk in case of communication malfunctions. In this paper, a distance-estimation framework based on monocular vision is proposed. First, key structure features of the target train are extracted by an object-detection neural network, whose strategies include an additional detection head in the feature pyramid, labeling of object neighbor areas, and semantic filtering, which are utilized to improve the detection performance for small objects. Then, an optimization process based on multiple key structure features is implemented to estimate the distance between the two train sets in VC. For the validation and evaluation of the proposed framework, experiments were implemented on Beijing Subway Line 11. The results show that for train sets with distances between 20 m and 100 m, the proposed framework can achieve a distance estimation with an absolute error that is lower than 1 m and a relative error that is lower than 1.5%, which can be a reliable backup for communication-based VC operations.

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Designing wideband thermal cloaks remains a challenge, especially at high frequencies. We propose an optimization approach for the design of a thermal cloak for an arbitrary object with large thermal conductivity (copper), in a given frequency band and for a specific diffusion direction. Cloaking performance is assessed as a function of frequency (in the optimal direction) and as a function of angle (at the optimal frequency). Near-perfect cloaking is achieved over a finite frequency band, and, moreover, the thermal cloak performs well in the time domain, including in the transient regime, irrespective of the initial temperature distribution. Interestingly, this specially optimized cloak also works fairly well for other objects with large thermal conductivity but breaks down for those of low thermal conductivity.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable success in cancer treatment. However, in cancer patients without sufficient antitumor immunity, numerous data indicate that blocking the negative signals elicited by immune checkpoints is ineffective. Drugs that stimulate immune activation‐related pathways are emerging as another route for improving immunotherapy. In addition, the development of nanotechnology presents a promising platform for tissue and cell type‐specific delivery and improved uptake of immunomodulatory agents, ultimately leading to enhanced cancer immunotherapy and reduced side effects. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest developments in nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer immuno‐oncology therapy with a focus on lipid‐based NPs (lipid‐NPs), including the characteristics and advantages of various types. Using the agonists targeting stimulation of the interferon genes (STING) transmembrane protein as an exemplar, we review the potential of various lipid‐NPs to augment STING agonist therapy. Furthermore, we present recent findings and underlying mechanisms on how STING pathway activation fosters antitumor immunity and regulates the tumor microenvironment and provide a summary of the distinct STING agonists in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Ultimately, we conduct a critical assessment of the obstacles and future directions in the utilization of lipid‐NPs to enhance cancer immunotherapy.

The clinical manifestations of bone metastases are diversified while many sites remain asymptomatic at early stage. As the early diagnosis method is not perfect and the early symptoms of tumor bone metastasis are not typical, bone metastasis is not easy to be detected. Therefore, the search for bone metastasis-related markers is effective for timely detection of tumor bone metastases and the development of drugs to inhibit bone metastases. As a result, bone metastases can only be diagnosed when symptoms are found, increasing the risk of developing skeletal-related event (SREs), which significantly impairs the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, the early diagnosis of bone metastases is of great importance for the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients. Changes of bone metabolism indexes appear earlier in bone metastases, but the traditional biochemical indexes of bone metabolism lack of specificity and could be interfered by many factors, which limits their application in the study of bone metastases. Some new biomarkers of bone metastases have good diagnostic value, such as proteins, ncRNAs, circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Therefore, this study mainly reviewed the initial diagnostic biomarkers of bone metastases which were expected to provide references for the early detection of bone metastases.

The large-acceleration motion of HFV (hypersonic flight vehicle), the high-speed rolling of spinning missile, and the large-maneuver flight of fighter aircraft has put forward higher performance demand for SINS (strapdown inertial navigation system). The high-accuracy positing will be realized under the high-dynamic maneuver environment after decreasing measurement error of IMU (inertial measurement unit), meanwhile the algorithm of SINS must be improved. The conventional algorithm calculates the flight attitude with determining the compensation term of coning error, after ignoring the high-order term of the Bortz equation. To improve the algorithm accuracy of SINS under high-dynamic maneuver environment, a high-accuracy algorithm, which uses Legendre polynomial to complete angular velocity function approximation and takes the numerical method of quaternion differential equation as core, is proposed herein. The high-order coning error is compensated in the numerical solving period in the proposed novel algorithm, because no approximation exists in deducing process. The attitude calculating simulations are finished in coning motion condition and high-dynamic maneuver condition respectively. Compared with the quadruple-cross-product compensation algorithm which has the highest accuracy at present, the attitude error of proposed algorithm is less than its 1/3 in coning motion condition. And algorithm accuracy is raised an order of magnitude under the high-dynamic maneuver environment. The high-accuracy algorithm based on Legendre polynomial has reference significance for accurate positing of future HFV, atomic gyroscope INS research and high-accuracy algorithm design of SINS.

Serpin family A member 1 (SERPINA1) is expressed abundantly in gliomas and can predict unfavorable prognosis of patients with glioma. Studies have shown that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) can promote the proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells and enhance the expression of SERPINA1, but its effects on glioma cells remain unknown. In this study, we explored the functions of SERPINA1 in glioma tumorigenesis in vitro and then investigated whether NQO1 affects the protein expression of SERPINA1 and its mRNA level. The results showed that the translation of SERPINA1 was suppressed while its mRNA level had no significant changes under the condition of NQO1 silencing. Luciferase reporter assay and biotin pull-down assay further indicated that NQO1 bond with SERPINA1 3′ untranslated region. miR-1321 was also identified to target SERPINA1, repressing its mRNA and protein levels. SERPINA1 and NQO1 promoted glioma cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis. Moreover, SERPINA1 rescued the effects of sh-NQO1 in glioma cell malignant phenotypes. In conclusion, our findings showed that oncogene NQO1 and antioncogene miR-1321 bind to oncogene SERPINA1 to affect proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells, which can bring new solution of antitumor treatments for glioma in the future.

ERK1/2 are essential proteins mediating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling downstream of RAS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our previous study reveals that ARF6 plays a positive regulatory role in ERK1/2 pathway in a feedback loop manner. A significant part of the literature on ARF6 has emphasized its oncogenic effect as an essential downstream molecule of ERK1/2, and no research has been done on the regulation mechanisms of the feedback loop between ARF6 and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In the present study, we explore the gene network downstream of ARF6 and find that DUSP6 may be the critical signal molecule in the positive feedback loop between ARF6 and ERK1/2. Specifically, to elucidate the negative correlations between ARF6 and DUSP6 in pancreatic cancer, we examine their expressions in pancreatic cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Then the impact of DUSP6 on the proliferation and apoptosis of PDAC cells are investigated by gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches. Mechanism explorations uncover that ARF6 suppresses the expression of DUSP6, which is responsible for the dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Altogether, these results indicate that DUSP6 plays a tumor-suppressive role and acts as an intermediate molecule between ARF6 and ERK1/2 in PDAC cells, thereby forming a positive feedback loop.

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown impressive therapeutic effects on various types of cancers by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and induction of immune responses. However, under certain conditions, the immune responses induced by PDT are not always sufficient to eradicate the remaining tumor cells. On the other hand, the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) can mediate PDT under near-infrared (NIR) illumination, thereby enhancing the penetration depth of the excitation light into the tumor. We found that ICG is rapidly taken up in vitro by colorectal MC38 and CT26 tumor cells and it promotes PDT-mediated cell-killing effects. Our results furthermore revealed that ICG induces immunogenic cell death (ICD), as dendritic cells (DCs) were found to engulf ICG-PDT-treated tumor cells and undergo phenotypic maturation. ICG accumulated in tumors 2 h after administration, as measured by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. Considering the advantages of ICG as a photosensitizer, we sought to design a therapy that combines PDT and immune checkpoint blockade to maximize tumor control. To this end, a 25% thermosensitive polymer 407 hydrogel was included as a co-delivery platform for this treatment scheme. NIR-PDT under 808 nm irradiation in combination with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade prolonged survival rate of colorectal tumor-bearing mice by inducing a series of immune responses, like the phagocytosis of tumor debris by macrophages and DCs, and induction of acute inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, maturation and activation of DCs. Altogether, our work presents a NIR-triggered PDT strategy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Compared to a single treatment, the combination treatment increased efficiency to inhibit solid tumor growth and improved the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice.

In the process of deep coal seam mining, confined water pressure and complex structural environment are important factors threatening mine safety production. In order to study the water inrush law of floor under the influence of fault on confined water, based on the basic mechanical principle, the mechanical model of surrounding rock under the influence of coal seam mining on confined water is established to solve the critical water pressure of fault water inrush. At the same time, based on the control variable method and fluid solid coupling theory, using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, from the perspective of the joint coupling of stress field, displacement field, seepage field and failure area, the water inrush law of coal seam floor under different fault shape and confined water pressure is analyzed. The results show that when the working face is mined near the fault area, the fault dip angle has a great influence on the vertical stress on the surrounding rock. When the dip angle changes from 30° to 60°, the average change rate of the vertical stress is about -29%; the fault width mainly affects the damage degree of the fault near the bottom of the working face. The wider the fault width, the smaller the damage degree; the aquifer water pressure plays a leading role in the pore water pressure in the fault. The greater the dip angle and the smaller the width of the fault, the higher the pressure of confined water in the aquifer, and the stronger the risk of water inrush in the floor.

Flame combustion diagnostics is a technique that uses different methods to diagnose the flame combustion process and study its physical and chemical basis. As one of the most important parameters of the combustion process, the flame equivalence ratio has a significant influence on the entire flame combustion, especially on the combustion efficiency and the emission of pollutants. Therefore, the measurement of the flame equivalence ratio has a huge impact on efficient combustion and environment protection. In view of this, several effective measuring methods were proposed, which were based on the different characteristics of flames radicals such as spectral properties. With the rapid growth of machine learning, more and more scholars applied it in the combustion diagnostics due to the excellent ability to fit parameters. This paper presents a review of various measuring techniques of hydrocarbon flame equivalent ratio and the applications of machine learning in combustion diagnostics, finally making a brief comparison between different measuring methods.

Surface symmetry breaking and disorder have been recently explored to overcome operation bandwidth, unwanted diffraction, and polarization dependence issues in the conventional metasurface designs thanks to their increasing degrees of design freedom. However, efficient full‐wave simulation and optimization of electrically large electromagnetic structures have been a longstanding problem. Herein, an interactive learning approach is developed to build new meta‐atom datasets which include the effect of mutual coupling. A deep learning‐based model is developed to extract features of incident/reflection waves and their neighboring interaction responses from a limited number of known meta‐atoms. Finally, the deep neural network is incorporated with optimization algorithms to design, as an example, large‐scale metasurfaces for beam manipulation and wideband scattering reduction. The results demonstrate that the proposed architecture can be successfully applied to rapidly design aperture‐efficient metasurfaces or metalenses at large scales of over tens of thousands of meta‐atoms.

BackgroundThe in-vessel retention (IVR) strategy is an important measure for mitigating severe reactor accidents. It has been successfully applied to the severe-accident management of advanced pressurized water reactors such as the AP1000, HPR1000, and CAP1400. In the implementation of the IVR strategy, the lower head is deformed by the heat load of the high-temperature melt. This affects the heat-removal capacity of the pressure-vessel external cooling and the successful implementation of the IVR strategy. It is necessary to examine the stress, failure, and deformation of the lower head.PurposeThis study aims to develop a large deformation model for the pressure-vessel lower head and analysis of its application in the FOREVER experiment.MethodsA mechanistic model called the lower-head large-deformation model was developed to address the limitations of the simplified film stress model of the Integrated Severe Accident Analysis (ISAA) program Lower Head Thermal Creep Module (LHTCM), which is very simple, and the absence of a deformation calculation module in the LHTCM model. This model was based on Timoshenko plate and shell theory, the Norton creep law, and large-deformation plasticity theory. Then, the model was integrated into the ISAA program to calculate the FOREVER-EC2 experiment.ResultsThe overall deformation result predicted by the large-deformation model exhibits the characteristic egg-like shape, with maximum displacement occurring at the bottom position of the lower head. The failure time predicted by the large-deformation model is 394.33 min, with an error of only 1.9% relative to the experiment. The predicted bottom elongation is consistent with the experimentally measured value. Additionally, the predicted location of the breach is consistent with the experiment, occurring between 75º and 85°.ConclusionsThe lower-head large-deformation model of this study can accurately predict the stress, failure time, overall deformation, and location of the breach of the lower head in a severe core melting accident.