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BACKGROUND: Liquid biopsy is a promising non-invasive alternative for cancer screening and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection, although there are some concerns regarding its clinical applications. We aimed to develop an accurate detection platform based on liquid biopsy for both cancer screening and MRD detection in patients with lung cancer (LC), which is also applicable to clinical use. METHODS: We applied a modified whole-genome sequencing (WGS) -based High-performance Infrastructure For MultIomics (HIFI) method for LC screening and postoperative MRD detection by combining the hyper-co-methylated read approach and the circulating single-molecule amplification and resequencing technology (cSMART2.0). FINDINGS: For early screening of LC, the LC score model was constructed using the support vector machine, which showed sensitivity (51.8%) at high specificity (96.3%) and achieved an AUC of 0.912 in the validation set prospectively enrolled from multiple centers. The screening model achieved detection efficiency with an AUC of 0.906 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and outperformed other clinical models in solid nodule cohort. When applied the HIFI model to real social population, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.92% was achieved in Chinese population. Additionally, the MRD detection rate improved significantly by combining results from WGS and cSMART2.0, with sensitivity of 73.7% at specificity of 97.3%. INTERPRETATION: In conclusion, the HIFI method is promising for diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of LC. FUNDING: This study was supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, 10.13039/501100005150Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 10.13039/501100001809National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation and Peking University People's Hospital.

BACKGROUND: It is recommended that children under 6 years old avoid sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), yet 25% of toddlers and 45% of preschool-aged children consume SSBs on a given day, with the highest intakes reported among Hispanic and African American children. OBJECTIVE: To investigate characteristics that predominantly low-income Hispanic and African American parents perceive to reflect a healthy beverage, and examine the influence of these characteristics on parents’ perceptions of the beverages they provide to their young children. DESIGN: This study consisted of two activities: a qualitative activity where parents (n=102) were asked to report what characteristics they perceive to reflect a healthy beverage and a quantitative activity where parents (n=96) indicated the extent to which each of the reported characteristics influence parents’ perceptions of the beverages they provide to their young children. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Hispanic and African American parents of young children (

Despite US federal legislation mandates institutions to provide meaningful access and participation to students and families in educational settings, culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families and caregivers of children in special education experience cultural and linguistic barriers. A Community Advisory Team (CAT) of parents, advocates, community interpreters and translators, researchers, and teachers explored CLD families' experiences and advocacy efforts. Critical bifocality and circuits of dispossession, privilege, and resistance informed the documentation of inequities and resistance to understand the linkages of structural arrangements of power. Focus groups with families (n = 21) speakers of Spanish, Portuguese, and Cantonese were conducted. Findings indicate perceived discrimination, poor and inadequate interpretation and translation services impact children's access to special education services, hinder family's communication with schools and reduce the perceptions of schools as trustworthy institutions. Families advocate relentlessly for their children and recommend schools listen to families and hire culturally and linguistically competent interpreters and translators. Community psychologists can make significant contributions to promote language justice in education settings through participatory approaches to inquiry that value CLD families' knowledge and expertise.

Little is known about suicide mortality among people with HIV in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess suicide mortality and its temporal change among people with HIV after diagnosis, then describe potential risk factors.This nationwide, population-based cohort study used data from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP), which continually enrolled people diagnosed with HIV in mainland China. We included all people with HIV diagnosed between Jan 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2018, who were aged 15 years or older at diagnosis. Follow-up started from the date of HIV diagnosis to the date of death, date of last follow-up visit, or Dec 31, 2018, whichever came first. Crude suicide mortality was calculated as the number of suicide deaths divided by person-years at risk in 2012-18 and compared by time after HIV diagnosis. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to compare the relative risk of suicide deaths in people with HIV with the general population. We compared the trends of suicide mortality across three diagnosis year groups (2012-13, 2014-15, and 2016-18) using cumulative incidence curve of suicide. Competing-risk models were used to explore the potential risk factors of suicide.770 656 people diagnosed with HIV were included in the CISDCP database, 763 287 of whom were aged 15 years or older at diagnosis and had follow-up information available. During follow-up, 2825 (2·0%) of 144 729 all-cause deaths were due to suicide, with a mortality of 142·8 deaths by suicide per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 137·7-148·2). People with HIV were at an increased risk of suicide compared with the general population (SMR 20·9 [95% CI 20·2-21·7]). The greatest risk was during the first 3 months after diagnosis (SMR 98·1 [93·1-103·4]), which then decreased but was still elevated after the first year (SMR 9·2 [8·5-9·8]). Late diagnosis and never on antiretroviral therapy were independent risk factors for suicide.Suicide mortality decreased during the study period, which coincided with improvement in access to care and treatment coverage. This study suggests the importance of targeted suicide prevention for people with HIV throughout the course of diagnosis and that the focus of efforts should be concentrated on the first 3 months after diagnosis. Our findings highlight the urgent need to integrate suicide screening and prevention in HIV care.Young Scholar Scientific Research Foundation of National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Highlights • Iron folic acid consumption can reduce anemia, but compliance remains low. • Interventions can promote interpersonal communication for behavior change. • Topic-specific and general interpersonal communication modalities appear effective. • Interpersonal communication mediated the intervention effect on iron supplement use., Objective More than half of Indian women of reproductive age are anemic. Regular iron folic acid uptake can prevent and treat anemia. This study investigated the effect of interpersonal communication on improving IFA use among women of reproductive age. Methods The Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project is a cluster randomized trial that collected longitudinal data from control (n = 1896) and intervention (n = 1898) communities in Odisha, India at Time 1 and six months later at Time 2. Structural equation models assessed the effect of the intervention on iron folic acid use via multiple interpersonal communication pathways. Results Compared to the control arm, iron folic acid use significantly increased in the intervention arm. Both, general health interpersonal communication and anemia-specific interpersonal communication were augmented in the intervention communities. The impact of the intervention on iron folic acid use was mediated through anemia-specific interpersonal communication. Conclusion The RANI Project increased interpersonal communication among participants, resulting in increased iron folic acid use for anemia reduction. Practice implications Strategic use of targeted interpersonal communication to promote behavior change appears to be a viable strategy to increase iron folic acid use to reduce anemia.

Introduction: The population of individuals aged 65 y and older has increased steeply over the past few years. Health factors including obesity, high cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels, as well as adverse health behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, insufficient physical activity, and low sleep quality are risk factors for chronic disease development and mortality. Because both health factors and behaviors are critical for reducing the risk of chronic disease and mortality, we examined a score assessing overall cardiovascular health (CVH) based on American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Essential 8, an update of the AHA’s former Life’s Simple 7 metric. This metric may provide a tenable framework for chronic disease management and prevention. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in a cohort of participants aged 65 y and older, higher CVH scores based on Life’s Essential 8, indicating better CVH, at baseline, is inversely associated with risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Methods: Overall cardiovascular health was assessed using 8 health factors and behaviors, scored 0 to 100, among 928 participants (55% female) aged 65 years and older within the InCHIANTI study of aging. Vitality status was ascertained using registry information. For analysis, CVH was modeled as a 1 Standard Deviation (SD) increase in the score. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to examine the associations between CVH and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality over a median follow-up of 14.6 y. Results: A 1 SD increase in the overall CVH score was inversely associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.738, 0.873]) and CVD mortality (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = [0.632, 0.832]). Conclusion: Among older adults, overall CVH - assessed through the lens of the AHA's Life's Essential 8 - is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. This relationship lends credence to the importance of prioritizing health factors and behaviors in preventing chronic disease development and promoting healthier lives among older individuals.

Introduction: The AHA Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) score was recently updated to the Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) score which revised cardiovascular health (CVH) scoring, including accounting for Asian-specific body mass index, secondhand smoke exposure, and sleep. We evaluated CVH in South Asian American participants of the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Methods: At the MASALA baseline exam, median LE8 CVH score was calculated across levels of the LS7 score. Age- and sex-adjusted mean LE8 CVH score was compared by income, education, and country of birth using linear regression. Logistic regression evaluated the age- and sex-adjusted association of LE8 CVH with prevalent coronary artery calcium (CAC) score greater than 0. Sleep duration was not available, so the LE8 score was calculated with the 7 original CVH factors. Results: Among 1,093 South Asian American adults in the MASALA Study (48.5% female, mean age 56.7 [SD 9.4] years), mean LE8 CVH score was 68.7 (SD 11.6). The LE8 and LS7 CVH scores were significantly correlated (r=0.78, p Conclusions: The LE8 CVH score is highly correlated with the LS7 CVH score among South Asian American adults, varies across sociodemographic factors, and is associated with odds of prevalent CAC.

Measures of cardiovascular health (CVH) assessed by a combination of behavioral and biological factors has shown protective associations with all-cause mortality. The mechanisms underlying these associations have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we characterized the plasma proteomics profile of CVH and tested whether specific proteins mediated the associations between CVH and all-cause mortality in participants of the InCHIANTI study. Of the 1301 proteins tested, 92 proteins were associated with CVH (22 positively, 70 negatively). Proteins most strongly associated with CVH included leptin (LEP), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), and growth-differential factor 15 (GDF15). Of the 92 CVH-associated proteins, 33 proteins significantly mediated the associations between CVH and all-cause mortality, with percent mediation ranging from 5 to 30%. The most significant mediating proteins were GDF15 and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGFBP2). Proteins associated with better CVH were enriched for proteins that reflect the suppression of the complement coagulation and GH/IGF pathways.

Background: The proportion of elderly people living with HIV (PLHIV) is increasing in China. To advance targeted interventions and substantially improve their quality of life, we investigate indicators of loneliness and sexual behavior among elderly PLHIV in 10 districts/counties in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The demographic information and laboratory test results of the potential respondents were initially collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling was used. The questionnaire survey was individually provided to all PLHIV aged +60. Results: We recruited 1017 valid respondents with a median age of 66 years (interquartile range of 63–71), of which 776 (76.3%) were male. Overall, 341 respondents (33.5%) lived alone, and 304 (29.9%) felt lonely. A total of 726 respondents (71.4%) informed others of their HIV diagnosis. Among the 726 respondents, children were the most common group with whom the older people shared their HIV infection status, accounting for 82.9%. Approximately 20% of the older PLHIV engaged in sexual behavior in the last year, and 70% reported not using condoms. A significantly greater risk of loneliness was found among the females (AOR = 1.542, CI: 1.084, 2.193), those who suffered discrimination from informed people (AOR = 4.719, CI: 2.986, 7.459), were diagnosed

Background: The quality of carbohydrate consumed may influence the risk of frailty. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that indices of carbohydrate intake are associated with trajectories of frailty in participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Methods: Cross sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted in 1024 BLSA participants to examine the association between usual intake of carbohydrate and frailty index. Seven measures of carbohydrate consumption were estimated using data derived from Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) and examined in association with a 43-item Frailty Index (FI). Results: In cross-sectional analyses, there was a significant, positive association between higher tertiles of total carbohydrate, glycemic load, and non-whole grains and FI. Conversely, higher tertiles of fiber-to-carbohydrate ratio was associated with lower FI. These differences persisted over the follow-up period of up to 13.8 years. Women in the highest tertile of the fiber-to-carbohydrate ratio showed a less steep increase in FI over time. Conclusions: Carbohydrate intake was positively associated with increased frailty risk in the BLSA participants, whereas a higher fiber-to-carbohydrate ratio was related to reduced risk for frailty.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between cumulative biological risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in South Asian immigrants. METHODS: Data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study, including 858 participants at baseline (mean age = 56 [standard deviation = 9] years, 46% women). A cumulative biological risk score was derived using nine biomarkers across cardiovascular, immune, and metabolic systems with a possible score range of 0–9. Common and internal carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were used as indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis. RESULTS: Higher cumulative biological risk score was significantly associated with higher common and internal CIMT and higher odds of CAC at baseline. The odds of new CAC after 5 years of follow-up were 31% higher per 1-point increase in cumulative biological risk score, and the higher cumulative biological risk score was also associated with CAC progression. CONCLUSIONS: Among South Asian immigrants, cumulative biological risk was directly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been regarded as one of the most malignant tumor types. Chemotherapy (such as sorafenib) is used as common strategy for treating RCC. To date, whether long noncoding RNA KIF9-AS1 is involved in RCC progression and drug resistance remains unknown. In this investigation, we detected gene expression levels by western blot and RT-qPCR. MTT and TUNEL experiments were used to show cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. KIF9-AS1 overexpression led to enhanced cell viability, increased IC50 value of sorafenib, and decreased apoptosis. miR-497-5p acted as key interaction factor for KIF9-AS1 in RCC. More importantly, we found that transforming growth factor-β and autophagy signaling pathways were both critical effectors for mediating KIF9-AS1/miR-497-5p axis-induced drug resistance phenotypes (cell viability, IC50, apoptosis) of RCC. In conclusion, our study revealed that KIF9-AS1 played a positive role in drug resistance of RCC cells to sorafenib, potentially driving the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutical approaches.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' attitudes, knowledge, and practices with their preschool-aged children on sexual abuse prevention education, and to explore the associated factors of parental educative practices on child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention. Four hundred and forty parents of young children from 16 classes in 3 preschools in Beijing completed the questionnaire anonymously and voluntarily (response rate = 80%). Less than one third of parents believed that children most often were sexually abused by familiar persons, and less than 30% of parents believed that if a child has been sexually abused, there will usually be no obvious physical evidence. Parents were reluctant to discuss CSA protective skills with their young children. Less than half of the parents had told their children that if sexual abuse happens, parents or other trusted adults should be told. The multivariate linear regression equation showed that both parents' knowledge (

In the 5G era, the amount of network data has grown explosively. A large number of new computation-intensive applications have created demand for edge computing in mobile networks. Traditional optimization methods are difficult to adapt to the dynamic wireless network environment because they solve the problem online, which is not suitable in edge computing scenarios. Therefore, in order to obtain a mobile network with better performance, we propose a network frame with a resource allocation algorithm based on power consumption, delay and user cooperation. This algorithm can quickly realize the optimization of a network to improve performance. Specifically, compared with heuristic algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization, ant colony algorithm, etc., commonly used to solve such problems, the algorithm proposed in this paper can reduce some aspects of network performance (including delay and user energy consumption) by about 10% in a network dominated by downlink tasks. The performance of the algorithm under certain network conditions was demonstrated through simulations.

A broad family of the nowadays studied low-dimensional systems, including 2D materials, demonstrate many fascinating properties, which however depend on the atomic composition as well as on the system dimensionality. Therefore, the studies of the electronic correlation effects in the new 2D materials is of paramount importance for the understanding of their transport, optical and catalytic properties. Here, by means of electron spectroscopy methods in combination with density functional theory calculations we investigate the electronic structure of a new layered van der Waals \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {FePX}_3$$\end{document}FePX3 (X: S, Se) materials. Using systematic resonant photoelectron spectroscopy studies we observed strong resonant behavior for the peaks associated with the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$3d^{n-1}$$\end{document}3dn-1 final state at low binding energies for these materials. Such observations clearly assign \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\hbox {FePX}_3$$\end{document}FePX3 to the class of Mott–Hubbard type insulators for which the top of the valence band is formed by the hybrid Fe-S/Se electronic states. These observations are important for the deep understanding of this new class of materials and draw perspectives for their further applications in different application areas, like (opto)spintronics and catalysis.

The aim of this study is to examine diet diversity, predictors associated with it, and its associations with anemia among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in rural India. Baseline data from the Reductions in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) project were used and included 980 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years from Odisha, India. The Food and Agriculture Organization's Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) was used to assess diet diversity. Anemia was determined by hemoglobin level and categorized as normal (hemoglobin ≥ 12 g/dL), mild (11 ≤ hemoglobin

BACKGROUND: Diet quality may be protective of physical function and muscle strength during aging. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate associations of the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with physical function and grip strength. METHODS: Data were obtained from men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean ± SD age: 68 ± 14 y at first diet visit; n = 1358). Diet was assessed by FFQ. MIND diet score was calculated from 15 food groups, with a higher score indicating better diet quality; tertile categories of averaged MIND score across visits were used. Physical function was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), with a score

The electronic structure of the natural topological semimetal Co

The electronic structure of the natural topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2crystals was studied by using near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (ResPES). Although, the significant increase of the Co 3d valence band emission is observed at the Co 2p absorption edge in the ResPES experiments, the spectral weight at these photon energies is dominated by the normal Auger contribution. This observation indicates the delocalized character of photoexcited Co 3d electrons and is supported by the first-principle calculations. Our results on the investigations of the element- and orbital-specific electronic states near the Fermi level of Co3Sn2S2are of importance for the comprehensive description of the electronic structure of this material, which is significant for its future applications in different areas of science and technology, including catalysis and water splitting.

Diet quality is an important behavioral determinant of healthy aging, however the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of diet are not fully understood. To address this question, we explored whether plasma metabolites mediate the relationship between diet and frailty index (FI) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Adherence to different dietary patterns was evaluated using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS), Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI). Higher adherence to the dietary patterns was associated with lower FI. There were 127 plasma metabolites that were associated with all three dietary patterns including lipids, fatty acids, ceramides, amino acids, and bile acids. Metabolomic signatures of diet mediated 42%, 70%, and 61% of the association between MDS, MIND, and AHEI with FI, respectively. Overall, we found common metabolomic biomarkers of dietary patterns that explain part of the relationship between diet and frailty.

The interaction of high-quality transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTs) single crystals FePX3 (X: S, Se) with water molecules is studied using near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in a wide range of temperature and partial pressure of H2O. The physisorption nature of interaction between H2O and FePX3 is found at low temperatures and relatively small concentrations of water molecules, that is supported by the DFT results. When temperature of the FePX3 samples and partial pressure of H2O are increased, the interaction at the interface is defined by two competing processes—adsorption of molecules at high partial pressure of H2O and desorption of molecules due to the increased surface mobility and physisorption nature of interaction. Our intensive XPS/NEXAFS experiments accompanied by DFT calculations bring new understanding on the interaction of H2O with surface of a new class of 2D materials, TMTs, pointing to their stability and reactivity, that is important for further applications in different areas, like sensing and catalysis.

Diet diversity has an important role in the prevention and treatment of anemia. Based on formative research in the community and the theory of normative social behavior, we designed an intervention to improve diet diversity among women of reproductive age. Our study, the Reduction in Anemia through Normative Innovations (RANI) Project, investigated the effect of a social norms-based intervention on diet diversity among women of reproductive age. We randomized villages in Odisha, India, into treatment or control arms, with a minimum of one village buffer between them. We assessed exposure to the intervention by frequency of self-reported images seen from the participatory learning modules, videos watched, and number of hemoglobin tests administered. We assessed diet diversity with the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) questionnaire. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the associations between intervention and diet diversity, adjusting for covariates. Compared with baseline, diet diversity score increased in both treatment and control groups. The odds of having a diverse diet was 47% higher in the treatment group. Higher level of exposure to the RANI intervention was associated with a better diet diversity score, indicating that the intervention was effective in improving diet quality.

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate associations between cumulative biological risk and subclinical atherosclerosis in South Asian immigrants. Methods Data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study, including 844 participants at baseline (mean age=56 [standard deviation=9] years, 46% women). A cumulative biological risk score was derived using 9 biomarkers across cardiovascular, immune and metabolic systems with possible score range 0-9. Common and internal carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) were used as indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis. Results Higher cumulative biological risk score were significantly associated with higher common and internal CIMT and higher odds of CAC at baseline. The odds of new CAC after 5 years of follow-up was 31% higher per 1 point increase in cumulative biological risk score, and higher cumulative biological risk was also associated with CAC progression. Conclusions Among South Asian immigrants, cumulative biological risk was directly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression.