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Background: Olive oil, as fundamental fat in the Mediterranean diet, has contributed to a decrease in obesity in several epidemiological studies. It is unknown whether olive oil itself can decrease the weight independently of the diet used. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of olive oil in reducing weight., Methods: Systematic review of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of at least 12 weeks of intervention on adults without previous cardiovascular events to estimate the effect of an olive-enriched diet on weight, waist and body mass index. The search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane plus, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Theses and Dissertations Online (TDX) until December 2016. No language, gender or underlying pathology was restricted. We used Stata14 SE for data synthesis., Results: 490 studies were identified, of which only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. A diet enriched in olive oil reduced weight more than control diet: -0.92 kg, 95% CI (-1.16, -0.67), p heterogeneity = 0.1; decreased waist circumference in -0.60 cm, 95% CI (-1.17, -0.04), p heterogeneity = 0.6; and diminished BMI in -0.90, 95% CI (-0.91, -0.88), p heterogeneity < 0.001. The benefits were seen when olive oil was supplemented in its natural state and not when capsules were given., Conclusions: A diet enriched with olive oil can be an important weight control strategy in people without previous cardiovascular events.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the early administration of statins during acute myocardial infarction (MI)., Design: A retrospective cohort study was carried out., Setting: National (Spain)., Patients or Participants: Patients included in the ARIAM registry from January 1999 to December 2008 with a diagnosis of MI., Interventions: None., Main Variables: We used logistic regression analysis and propensity scoring to determine whether the administration of statins during the first 24h of MI acts as a protective factor against: 1) mortality, 2) the incidence of lethal arrhythmias, or 3) cardiogenic shock., Results: A total of 36 842 patients were included in the study. Statins were administered early in 50.2% of the patients. Statin administration was associated with younger patients with known previous dyslipidemia, obesity, a history of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, presence of sinus tachycardia, use of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention. Mortality was 8.2% (13.2% without statin versus 3% with statin, P<.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that statin administration acted as a protective factor against mortality (adjusted OR 0.518, 95%CI 0.447 to 0.601). Continued use of statins was associated with a reduction in mortality (adjusted OR 0.597, 95%CI 0.449 to 0.798), and the start of treatment was a protective factor against mortality (adjusted OR 0.642, 95%CI 0.544 -0.757). Statin therapy also exerted a protective effect against the incidence of lethal arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock., Conclusions: These results suggest that early treatment with statins in patients with MI is associated with reduced mortality., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of oral care in preventing pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (VAP)., Method: A search was made for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) in CINAHL, Cuiden Plus, Pub Med, EMBASE, ENFISPO, Cochrane, Cuiden, DARE, EBE, JBI, and reverse lookup from the beginning of indexing of each database up to 3 May 2010. There were no restrictions on language, age, sex or underlying disease. RCTs that compared oral care and determined their effectiveness in preventing VAP were included. The different interventions were analysed to determine the most effective and protective. Epidat 3.1 was used for analysing the data. Out of a total of 858 articles reviewed, only 14 met the inclusion criteria., Results: Using a random effects model statistically significant results were found in favour of chlorhexidine as a protective factor against VAP (RR=0.7065, 95% CI: 0.5568-0.8963). The application of 0.12% chlorhexidine twice a day gave an RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.91 and 0.2% chlorhexidine four times daily: (RR=0.53, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.90), being statistically significant. The application of 0.12% and 0.2% chlorhexidine three times a day and brushing did not give statistically significant results., Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine in oral care is a protective factor against VAP. Tooth brushing did not prevent VAP. More RCTs using this intervention are needed to confirm these results., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)