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Human taeniasis caused by tapeworms is an intestinal disease prevalent in many countries around the world. Taenia asiatica, Taenia saginata, and Taenia solium are the most common pathogens causing human taeniasis. Among the three species of tapeworms, T. saginata and T. asiatica share high similarity in their genomes and have been reported to be capable of hybridization with each other. Here, we reported a case of an 18-year-old male patient hospitalized in Yunnan Province, China, in 2019. Due to long-lasting abdominal distension and white tapeworm segments in the feces, the patient was diagnosed with taeniasis. He was treated with traditional Chinese medicine, and a tapeworm approximately 2.7 m long was expelled. The morphology of the eggs and gravid proglottids of the tapeworm was observed. Interestingly, the tapeworm was identified as a hybrid between T. saginata and T. asiatica according to molecular and phylogenetic analyses. This case is the first documented case of human taeniasis caused by a T. saginata and T. asiatica hybrid in Yunnan Province. Molecular evidence suggests that the hybrid of T. saginata and T. asiatica may have caused widespread infection in rural areas of Western China, and further investigation and research on these parasites in Western China are needed. The method described in this case may be helpful for future research.

The authors use a web crawler to retrieve all periodical articles from CNKI between the 1950s and 2016 and then parse the abstracts of 293368 articles about grassland deterioration by word segmentation, location matching and other methods. The authors also construct a research hot regions extraction model of grassland deterioration in China based on a comprehensive research hot regions index of toponyms and then analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic change in research hot regions of grassland deterioration in China. The research shows the following: (1) The spatial heterogeneity of grassland deterioration in China can be effectively described by a model of grassland deterioration based on the comprehensive research hot regions index. (2) The research hot regions of grassland deterioration are mainly distributed in most regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and other provinces. The northeastern region of Inner Mongolia (such as Hulunbeier) and the eastern region of Inner Mo...

Table S1. Primers used for detection and sequencing of TbelPV1, TbelPV2, and TbelPyV1 in tree shrew. (DOCX 17 kb)

Hu, Ben, Zeng, Lei-Ping, Yang, Xing-Lou, Ge, Xing-Yi, Zhang, Wei, Li, Bei, Shen, Xu-Rui, Zhang, Yun-Zhi, Wang, Ning, Luo, Dong-Sheng, Zheng, Xiao- Shuang, Wang, Mei-Niang, Daszak, Peter, Wang, Lin-Fa, Cui, Jie, Shi, Zheng- Li (2017): Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLoS Pathogens 13 (11), No. 1006698: 1-27, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698

Geographical map of Jianchuan country and the sampling areas. Figure S2. Alignment and predicted domains and cleavage sites of AcCoV-JC34 spike protein. NTD, N-terminal domain; RBD, receptor-binding domain; HR, heptad repeat; TM, transmembrane anchor. The signal peptide corresponds to residues 1 to 19. The cleavage sites were indicated by arrows. (PDF 223Â kb)

Ho3+ : GdVO4 is a new laser material suitable for high-power laser systems. In this paper we measure the absorption spectra of Ho3+ in the sample Ho3+: GdVO4. The intensity parameters are calculated by using the Judd–Ofelt theory. Some predicted spectroscopic parameters, such as the spontaneous radiative transition rate, branching ratio and integrated emission cross section are dealt with. And we also compare the optical parameters with those of other materials. From these results, it is found that there are many transitions which have large oscillator strengths and large integrated emission cross sections. Especially the transitions such as 5F4 → 5 I8, 5S2 → 5 I8,5F5 → 5 I8 and 5I7 →5 I8 are useful in solid-state lasers and other fields. Finally, we discuss the splitting of the energy levels of Ho3+ in the crystal GdVO4 based on the group theory.

The infrared quantum cutting phenomena of Er 0.1 Gd 0.9 VO 4 crystal are studied in the present article. An interesting host sensitized infrared quantum cutting phenomenon is found, that is, there is a strong and broad excitation peak at 337.0 nm wavelength for its excitation spectrum of 1537.5 nm 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 infrared fluorescence. It can be recognized that the 337.0 nm excitation peak corresponds to the absorption of host GdVO 4 crystal. Meanwhile, it is found that the integral fluorescence intensity of 1537.5 nm 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 infrared fluorescence, when the host absorption band is excited by 337.0 nm light, is about ten times larger than that of the sum of all other fluorescence intensities. Its infrared quantum cutting efficiency is similar to that of the excited 2 H 11/2 energy level and larger than that of others.

The improvement on the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer rate is studied in the present work. The additional proportion coefficient between Stokes and anti-Stokes light intensities of quantum Raman scattering theory as compared with the classical Raman theory is introduced to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer. The theoretical formula for the improvement on the calculation of anti-Stokes energy transfer rate is derived for the first time in this study. The correctness of introducing coefficient exp{ΔE/kT} from well-known Raman scatter theory is demonstrated also. Moreover, the experimental lifetime measurement in Er0.01YbxY1–0.01-x VO4 crystal is performed to justify the validity of our important improvement in the original phonon-assisted energy transfer theory for the first time.

Recently the infrared quantum cutting has achieved an exciting development in enhancing the efficiency of solar cell. The infrared quantum cutting of Er0.3Gd0.7VO4 crystalline is studied in the present paper. It is found that the approximate quantum cutting efficiencies of 1532.5 nm 4I13/2→4I15/2 fluorescence, when the 2H11/2 and 4G11/2 levels are excited, are about 178.55% and 177.61% respectively. Especially, effective three-photon and four-photon infrared quantum cuttings of Er0.3Gd0.7VO4 crystalline excited by visible and near-violet light are found for the first time in the present paper. An interesting "peak - valley" conversion phenomenon in the excitation spectrum is also observed. It is also the first time for us to find the first-order infrared quantum cutting based single species Er3+ ion for Er0.3Gd0.7VO4 crystalline.