Author: "Zuniga, YMH" / Publication Year Range: Last 50 years - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Zuniga, YMH"' showing total 8 results

Start Over Author "Zuniga, YMH" Publication Year Range Last 50 years

8 results on '"Zuniga, YMH"'

1. Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

Author: Bhattacharjee, NV, Schaeffer, LE, Hay, SI, Lu, D, Schipp, MF, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Donkers, KM, Abady, GG, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abebo, ZH, Abejie, AN, Abosetugn, AE, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adamu, AL, Adedeji, IA, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Agudelo-Botero, M, Aji, B, Akinyemi, OO, Alamneh, AA, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albright, J, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Alhassan, RK, Ali, BA, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Anbesu, EW, Ancuceanu, R, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arora, A, Artanti, KD, Asemahagn, MA, Asmare, WN, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Ayza, MA, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Bärnighausen, TW, Basaleem, H, Bayati, M, Baye, BA, Bedi, N, Belay, SA, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birhan, TA, Birihane, BM, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Brunoni, AR, Budhathoki, SS, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castro, F, Cernigliaro, A, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Collison, ML, Cook, AJ, Cork, MA, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Darwish, AH, Daryani, A, Das, JK, Gupta, RD, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Weaver, ND, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dessie, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, GP, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Dipeolu, IO, Doan, LP, Duko, B, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Zaki, MES, Tantawi, ME, Elema, TB, Elhabashy, HR, El-Jaafary, SI, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feleke, BE, Ferede, TY, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Franklin, RC, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gardner, WM, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremichael, B, Ghaffarpasand, F, Gilani, SA, Ginindza, TG, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goulart, BNG, Gudi, N, Guido, D, Guled, RA, Guo, Y, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hasaballah, AI, Hassan, A, Hayat, K, Hegazy, MI, Heidari, B, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, de, Hidru, HD, Ho, HC, Hoang, CL, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, TM, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Iwu, CCD, Iwu, CJ, Jain, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, John-Akinola, YO, Johnson, KB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, OT, Kapoor, N, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kasaye, HK, Kassahun, G, Kassebaum, NJ, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khater, AM, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Krishan, K, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kumar, P, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Vecchia, CL, Lad, SD, Lami, FH, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Letourneau, ID, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Liu, X, Lodha, R, Lopez, JCF, Louie, C, Machado, DB, Maled, V, Maleki, S, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mapoma, CC, Marczak, LB, Martins-Melo, FR, Mehndiratta, MM, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, TC, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Mersha, AM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, JA, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Montero-Zamora, PA, Moradi, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, JF, Mousavi, SM, Khaneghah, AM, Munro, SB, Muriithi, MK, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Naik, G, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Ndejjo, R, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, I, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, JW, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigussie, SN, Nigussie, TTN, Nikbakhsh, R, Nnaji, CA, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Oghenetega, OB, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortega-Altamirano, DV, Osgood-Zimmerman, AE, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Parsekar, SS, Pasupula, DK, Patel, UK, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pattanshetty, SM, Patton, GC, Paulos, K, Pepito, VCF, Pickering, BV, Pinheiro, M, Piwoz, EG, Pokhrel, KN, Pourjafar, H, Prada, SI, Pribadi, DRA, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Rai, RK, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rawat, R, Regassa, LD, Rego, MAS, Reiner, RC, Reshmi, B, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sagar, R, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarker, AR, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Saxena, D, Sbarra, AN, Sengupta, D, Senthilkumaran, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sheikh, A, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, RS, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shin, JI, Silva, DAS, Singh, NP, Singh, P, Singh, S, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Sorrie, MB, Spurlock, EE, Steuben, KM, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, MB, Swartz, SJ, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tapak, L, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Tesema, GA, Tesfay, FH, Teshome, A, Tessema, ZT, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Tran, BX, Truong, PN, Tsegaye, BTBT, Ullah, I, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uzochukwu, BSC, VanderHeide, JD, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Wado, YD, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, F, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wiens, KE, Wiysonge, CS, Woyczynski, L, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, YG, Yilma, MT, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Younis, MZ, Yousuf, AY, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zafar, S, Zaidi, SS, Zaki, L, Zakzuk, J, Zamanian, M, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zelellw, DA, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zodpey, S, Zuniga, YMH, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Hay, Simon I, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Bhattacharjee N.V., Schaeffer L.E., Hay S.I., Lu D., Schipp M.F., Lazzar-Atwood A., Donkers K.M., Abady G.G., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abebo Z.H., Abejie A.N., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adamu A.L., Adedeji I.A., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Agudelo-Botero M., Aji B., Akinyemi O.O., Alamneh A.A., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Albright J., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Alhassan R.K., Ali B.A., Ali S., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Anbesu E.W., Ancuceanu R., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arora A., Artanti K.D., Asemahagn M.A., Asmare W.N., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azene Z.N., Darshan B.B., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Bakkannavar S.M., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Belay S.A., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhan T.A., Birihane B.M., Bitew Z.W., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Bojia H.A., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Brunoni A.R., Budhathoki S.S., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Cernigliaro A., Charan J., Chatterjee P., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Collison M.L., Cook A.J., Cork M.A., Couto R.A.S., Dagnew B., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Gupta R.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Weaver N.D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dessie A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Dipeolu I.O., Doan L.P., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Ferede T.Y., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Franklin R.C., Gad M.M., Gaidhane S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremichael B., Ghaffarpasand F., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gonfa K.B., Goulart B.N.G., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hasaballah A.I., Hassan A., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huda T.M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam M.M., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Jain A., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., John-Akinola Y.O., Johnson K.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan O.T., Kapoor N., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaye H.K., Kassahun G., Kassebaum N.J., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kosen S., Krishan K., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Letourneau I.D., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M.-C., Li S., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez J.C.F., Louie C., Machado D.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Marczak L.B., Martins-Melo F.R., Mehndiratta M.M., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Mekonnen T.C., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mersha A.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misra S., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Montero-Zamora P.A., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nayak V.C., Ndejjo R., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigussie S.N., Nigussie T.T.N., Nikbakhsh R., Nnaji C.A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Oghenetega O.B., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pana A., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pangaribuan H.U., Parsekar S.S., Pasupula D.K., Patel U.K., Pathak A., Pathak M., Pattanshetty S.M., Patton G.C., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pickering B.V., Pinheiro M., Piwoz E.G., Pokhrel K.N., Pourjafar H., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman A., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Rai R.K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rawat R., Regassa L.D., Rego M.A.S., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roever L., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sagar R., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarker A.R., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shannawaz M., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty R.S., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shin J.I., Silva D.A.S., Singh N.P., Singh P., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Steuben K.M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Swartz S.J., Tadesse E.G., Tamiru A.T., Tapak L., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Tesema G.A., Tesfay F.H., Teshome A., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Truong P.N., Tsegaye B.T.B.T., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uzochukwu B.S.C., VanderHeide J.D., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang F., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woyczynski L., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Younis M.Z., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zakzuk J., Zamanian M., Zar H.J., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zelellw D.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto
Subjects: RJ101, Psychological intervention, Breastfeeding, Social Sciences, geography, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Prevalence, Psychology, policy making, 030212 general & internal medicine, Policy Making, humans, media_common, CHILD GROWTH FAILURE, Developing world, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Psychology, Biological, Geography, Psychology, Experimental, Health Status Disparitie, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Breast Feeding, breast feeding, Scale (social sciences), Science & Technology - Other Topics, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, AFRICA, Social Psychology, Inequality, spatial analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, public policy, Population, prevalence, Public policy, Developing country, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Public Policy, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Article, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Humans, Nutrition disorders, education, Developing Countries, 030304 developmental biology, Spatial Analysis, Science & Technology, Neurosciences, Health Status Disparities, developing countries, health status disparities, Risk factors, Neurosciences & Neurology, Breast feeding
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030., Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.
Published: 2021

2. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Bryazka, D, Reitsma, MB, Griswold, MG, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, MA, Kangevari, ZA, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, AYM, Abhilash, ES, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, JM, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, WY, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, TA, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, MZ, Alem, DT, Alene, KA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, NA, Amare, F, Ameyaw, EK, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, MA, Burt, TA, Athari, SS, Atnafu, DD, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Ayinde, OO, Mateos, JLA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, MM, Khyavy, MA, Jafari, AA, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Bakshi, RK, Balchut, AH, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bintoro, BS, Blokhina, EAE, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Maia, JMC, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, LFSC, Cattaruzza, MS, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Dinh, TC, Chudal, N, Chung, SC, Churko, C, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Claro, RM, Costanzo, S, Cowden, RG, Criqui, MH, Martins, NC, Culbreth, GT, Dachew, BA, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, BD, Danielewicz, A, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, de Araujo, JAP, de Sa Junior, AR, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, AK, Molla, MD, Desai, R, Desta, AA, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, HL, Duko, B, Duncan, BB, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, FJ, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Endries, AY, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fakhradiyev, IR, Farahmand, F, Sa Farinha, CSE, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Feng, X, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebremichael, MA, Gemechu, TR, Getacher, L, Getachew, ME, Obsa, AG, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, SH, Ghandour, LA, Nour, MG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, FN, Glushkova, EV, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, TW, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Nejad, NH, Mirzaian, AH, Hall, BJ, Halwani, R, Handiso, TB, Hankey, GJ, Hariri, S, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, A, Moghaddam, HH, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, MM, Holla, R, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Huang, J, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MM, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, SA, Jema, AT, Jha, RP, Jindal, HA, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, RH, Kamble, BD, Kandel, H, Kanno, GG, Kapoor, N, Karaye, IM, Karimi, SE, Kassa, BG, Kaur, RJ, Kayode, GA, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, IA, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, MS, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, AKS, Kolahi, AA, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Ben, L, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Lim, LL, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, RA, Makki, A, Malekpour, MR, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Raga, JM, Villa, FAM, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, McGrath, JJ, Meena, JK, Nasab, EM, Menezes, RG, Mensink, GBM, Mentis, AFA, Meretoja, A, Merga, BT, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, ACMGN, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, AM, Mohammed, TA, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Mulugeta, BT, Zamora, EM, Murray, CJL, Mwita, JC, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Neupane, SPP, Kandel, SN, Nigatu, YT, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, KM, Nzoputam, CI, Obamiro, KO, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Aliabad, HO, Olakunde, BO, Oliveira, GMM, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Altamirano, DVO, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Mahesh, PA, Monedero, AP, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, SP, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, EK, Parry, CDH, Kan, FP, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, AE, Petcu, IR, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, PMS, Prashant, A, Quan, J, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, PR, Movaghar, VR, Rahman, A, Rahman, MM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rasali, DP, Rashidi, MM, Ratan, ZA, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, SM, Rodriguez, ER, Roth, GA, Rwegerera, GM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Rahman, KSU, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, MMS, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Seidu, AA, Kumar, NS, SeyedAlinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, FS, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Beyranvand, MS, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, RA, Shetty, A, Shetty, JK, Shiferaw, DS, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, da Silva, NT, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Subba, SH, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, RT, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, KK, Tareke, M, Tarkang, EE, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, MH, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, MRT, Mai, TNT, Llimos, ST, Tripathy, JP, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, MT, Wang, C, Wang, Y, Wang, YP, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubetu, AD, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, GEE, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yimaw, AE, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, AM, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, MB, Griswold, MG, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, MA, Kangevari, ZA, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, AYM, Abhilash, ES, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, JM, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, WY, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, AR, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, TA, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, MZ, Alem, DT, Alene, KA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, NA, Amare, F, Ameyaw, EK, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, MA, Burt, TA, Athari, SS, Atnafu, DD, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Ayinde, OO, Mateos, JLA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, MM, Khyavy, MA, Jafari, AA, Azzam, AY, Badiye, AD, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, SM, Bakshi, RK, Balchut, AH, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bintoro, BS, Blokhina, EAE, Bodicha, BBA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, AF, Carvalho, M, Maia, JMC, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, LFSC, Cattaruzza, MS, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Dinh, TC, Chudal, N, Chung, SC, Churko, C, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Claro, RM, Costanzo, S, Cowden, RG, Criqui, MH, Martins, NC, Culbreth, GT, Dachew, BA, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, BD, Danielewicz, A, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, de Araujo, JAP, de Sa Junior, AR, Debela, SA, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, AK, Molla, MD, Desai, R, Desta, AA, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Digesa, LE, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, HL, Duko, B, Duncan, BB, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, FJ, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Endries, AY, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fakhradiyev, IR, Farahmand, F, Sa Farinha, CSE, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Feng, X, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, JM, Franklin, RC, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, MGD, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebremichael, MA, Gemechu, TR, Getacher, L, Getachew, ME, Obsa, AG, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, SH, Ghandour, LA, Nour, MG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, FN, Glushkova, EV, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, TW, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Nejad, NH, Mirzaian, AH, Hall, BJ, Halwani, R, Handiso, TB, Hankey, GJ, Hariri, S, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, A, Moghaddam, HH, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, MM, Holla, R, Hossain, MM, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SK, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, G, Huang, J, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MM, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, SK, Jayarajah, UU, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, SA, Jema, AT, Jha, RP, Jindal, HA, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, RH, Kamble, BD, Kandel, H, Kanno, GG, Kapoor, N, Karaye, IM, Karimi, SE, Kassa, BG, Kaur, RJ, Kayode, GA, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, IA, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, MS, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, AKS, Kolahi, AA, Korshunov, VA, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Ben, L, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, SW, Lee, WC, Lee, YH, Lim, LL, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, RA, Makki, A, Malekpour, MR, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Raga, JM, Villa, FAM, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, PK, Mayeli, M, McGrath, JJ, Meena, JK, Nasab, EM, Menezes, RG, Mensink, GBM, Mentis, AFA, Meretoja, A, Merga, BT, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, ACMGN, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, AM, Mohammed, TA, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Mulugeta, BT, Zamora, EM, Murray, CJL, Mwita, JC, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, BP, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Neupane, SPP, Kandel, SN, Nigatu, YT, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, KM, Nzoputam, CI, Obamiro, KO, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Aliabad, HO, Olakunde, BO, Oliveira, GMM, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Altamirano, DVO, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Mahesh, PA, Monedero, AP, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, SP, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, EK, Parry, CDH, Kan, FP, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, GC, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, AE, Petcu, IR, Phillips, MR, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, PMS, Prashant, A, Quan, J, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, PR, Movaghar, VR, Rahman, A, Rahman, MM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rasali, DP, Rashidi, MM, Ratan, ZA, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, SM, Rodriguez, ER, Roth, GA, Rwegerera, GM, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, MA, Rahman, KSU, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, MMS, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Seidu, AA, Kumar, NS, SeyedAlinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, FS, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Beyranvand, MS, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, RA, Shetty, A, Shetty, JK, Shiferaw, DS, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, KM, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Silva, DAS, da Silva, NT, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sleet, DA, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Y, Sorensen, RJD, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Stein, DJ, Subba, SH, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, RT, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, KK, Tareke, M, Tarkang, EE, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, MH, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, NK, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, MRT, Mai, TNT, Llimos, ST, Tripathy, JP, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, SB, Vasankari, TJ, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, MT, Wang, C, Wang, Y, Wang, YP, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubetu, AD, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, GEE, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yimaw, AE, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zhong, C, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, and Madureira-Carvalho, AM
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. METHODS: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. FINDINGS: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. INTERPRETATION: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attribu
Published: 2022

3. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Reitsma, MB, Kendrick, PJ, Ababneh, E, Abbafati, C, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Abila, DB, Aboyans, V, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akunna, CJ, Al-Aly, Z, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, L, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Amul, GGH, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, CAT, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Asaad, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakhshaei, MH, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KSS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bintoro, BS, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Alberto Camera, L, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chen, S, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, Molla, MD, Dessie, GA, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Hoa, TD, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Elbarazi, I, El Tantawi, M, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farinha, CSES, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Prendes, CF, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Giampaoli, S, Gill, PS, Glozah, FN, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Greaves, F, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, B, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hassankhani, H, Hay, SI, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Iannucci, VC, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Janjani, H, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karimi, SE, Katikireddi, SV, Kebede, HK, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, Y-E, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Lam, JO, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Linn, S, Liu, W, Lopez, AD, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lugo, A, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez-Raga, J, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Misra, S, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Nair, S, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nayak, S, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Kandel, SN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Pakhale, MPAS, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Patton, GC, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, MA, Pirouzpanah, S, Pokhrel, KN, Polibin, RV, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, A, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ram, P, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Renzaho, AMN, Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu, L, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Sacco, S, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schaub, MP, Schmidt, MI, Ceola Schneider, IJ, Schutte, AE, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shalash, AS, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Santos Silva, DA, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Sitas, F, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soboka, M, Soriano, JB, Soroush, A, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, IN, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taddele, BW, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tichopad, A, Tolani, MA, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, Vardavas, C, Varona Perez, P, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vetrova, MV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yamagishi, K, Yandrapalli, S, Yatsuya, H, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, TZ, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zar, HJ, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zavala-Arciniega, L, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E
Published: 2021

4. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Kendrick, PJ, Reitsma, MB, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Aboyans, V, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, T, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alomari, MA, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Artanti, KD, Asmare, WN, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Benziger, CP, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Car, J, Carreras, G, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, S, Chido-Amajuoyi, OG, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Ciobanu, LG, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Effiong, A, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghafourifard, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gil, GF, Gill, PS, Ginawi, IA, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Guha, A, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kebede, KM, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Liu, W, Lugo, A, Kunjathur, SM, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mathur, P, Mazidi, M, McKee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naik, N, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigatu, YT, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Pokhrel, KN, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sao Jose, BP, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soroush, A, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Uthman, OA, Vacante, M, Vardavas, C, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubishet, BL, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaman, MS, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Gakidou, E, Kendrick, PJ, Reitsma, MB, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abhilash, ES, Aboyans, V, Adebayo, OM, Advani, SM, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, H, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alhabib, KF, Ali, T, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alomari, MA, Amin, TT, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antony, B, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arian, ND, Arora, M, Artanti, KD, Asmare, WN, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Aynalem, GL, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Banerjee, SK, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bekuma, TT, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Benziger, CP, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Brunoni, AR, Burkart, K, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Car, J, Carreras, G, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Cattaruzza, MSS, Chang, J-C, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, S, Chido-Amajuoyi, OG, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Ciobanu, LG, Costa, VM, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Gela, JD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Eagan, AW, Kalan, ME, Edvardsson, K, Effiong, A, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Esmaeilnejad, S, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, VL, Feldman, R, Filip, I, Filippidis, F, Fischer, F, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghafourifard, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gil, GF, Gill, PS, Ginawi, IA, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Guha, A, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Das Gupta, R, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, MR, Hamadeh, RR, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hay, S, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Hird, TR, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsiao, T, Huang, J, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, JY, Islam, RM, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islami, F, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jang, S-I, Jayaram, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kebede, KM, Kelkay, B, Kennedy, RD, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kivimaki, M, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Lacey, B, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lee, DW, Lee, YH, Leung, J, Li, S, Lin, H, Liu, W, Lugo, A, Kunjathur, SM, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mathur, P, Mazidi, M, McKee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Mehata, S, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradzadeh, R, Morrison, SD, Mossie, TB, Mubarik, S, Mullany, EC, Murray, CJL, Nagaraju, SP, Naghavi, M, Naik, N, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Nigatu, YT, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Park, E-K, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Pawar, S, Pestell, RG, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Pokhrel, KN, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riaz, MA, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roy, A, Roy, B, Saddik, B, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sao Jose, BP, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Schwendicke, F, Seidu, A-A, Kumar, NS, Sepanlou, SG, Shafaat, O, Shah, SM, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shishani, K, Shivakumar, KM, Shivalli, S, Shrestha, R, Siabani, S, Sidemo, NB, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, JP, Singh, A, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinha, DN, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soroush, A, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Steiropoulos, P, Stortecky, S, Straif, K, Abdulkader, RS, Sulo, G, Sundstrom, J, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamiru, AT, Tareke, M, Tareque, MI, Tarigan, IU, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Tolani, MA, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tripathy, JP, Tsegaye, GW, Tymeson, HD, Ullah, S, Unim, B, Updike, RL, Uthman, OA, Vacante, M, Vardavas, C, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Welding, K, Werdecker, A, Whisnant, JL, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wubishet, BL, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaw, Y, Yimmer, MZ, Yonemoto, N, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaman, MS, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Gakidou, E
Published: 2021

5. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Murray, CJL, Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS: We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0-13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00-7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8-12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1-6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0-73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0-88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0-55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0-42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0-18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0-7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0-24·0) and incidence rat
Published: 2021

6. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Author: Micah, AE, Cogswell, IE, Cunningham, B, Ezoe, S, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, McCracken, D, Nomura, S, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Wallace, LE, Zhao, Y, Zende, RR, Abbafati, C, Abdelmasseh, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Adhikari, TB, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alemayehu, Y, Alhassan, RK, Alinia, C, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, SA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Angell, B, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Antony, CM, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arrigo, A, Ashraf, T, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Azhar, GS, Babalola, TK, Bahrami, MA, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barnighausen, TW, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Benzian, H, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bodolica, V, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Breusov, AV, Briko, NI, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Callander, EJ, Camera, LA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Cicero, AFG, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davitoiu, DV, De Neve, J-W, de Sa-Junior, AR, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Doshmangir, L, Dube, J, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Ferede, TY, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Freitas, A, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Garg, T, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghozali, G, Gilani, SA, Glavan, I-R, Glushkova, EV, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Guha, A, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haakenstad, A, Haider, MR, Hailu, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Harapan, H, Hartono, RK, Hasaballah, AI, Hassan, S, Hassanein, MH, Hayat, K, Hegazy, MI, Heidari, G, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hossain, SJ, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Jahani, MA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayawardena, R, Jazayeri, SB, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joukar, F, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, J, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, GR, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kohler, S, Kosen, S, Koteeswaran, R, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lamnisos, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Le, LKD, Lee, SWH, Lee, YY, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahdavi, MM, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, AL, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Arnedo, CAM, Martinez-Valle, A, Masoumi, SZ, Maude, RJ, Mckee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, TA, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Moradi, Y, Morze, J, Mousavi, SM, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narayana, AI, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Ojelabi, FAO, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Olgiati, S, Olusanya, JO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Pereira, DM, Perianayagam, A, Pesudovs, K, Piccinelli, C, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Reiner, RC, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Riaz, MA, Ripon, RK, Saad, AM, Sahraian, MA, Sahu, M, Salama, JS, Salehi, S, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santos, JV, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sathian, B, Savic, M, Saxena, D, Sayyah, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Shuja, KH, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Spurlock, EE, Stefan, SC, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Taddele, BW, Tefera, YG, Thavamani, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Car, LT, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Umar, N, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Villafane, JH, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Bay, V, Vollmer, S, Theo, V, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wamai, RG, Werdecker, A, Woldekidan, MA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yigit, V, Yip, P, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Moghadam, TZ, Zandian, H, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Zuniga, YMH, Hay, SI, Murray, CJL, Dieleman, JL, Micah, AE, Cogswell, IE, Cunningham, B, Ezoe, S, Harle, AC, Maddison, ER, McCracken, D, Nomura, S, Simpson, KE, Stutzman, HN, Tsakalos, G, Wallace, LE, Zhao, Y, Zende, RR, Abbafati, C, Abdelmasseh, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abhilash, ES, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, MRM, Adhikari, TB, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alemayehu, Y, Alhassan, RK, Alinia, C, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, SA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Angell, B, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Antony, CM, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arrigo, A, Ashraf, T, Atnafu, DD, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Ayano, G, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Azhar, GS, Babalola, TK, Bahrami, MA, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barnighausen, TW, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Benzian, H, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bodolica, V, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Breusov, AV, Briko, NI, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Callander, EJ, Camera, LA, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catala-Lopez, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Cicero, AFG, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davitoiu, DV, De Neve, J-W, de Sa-Junior, AR, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Doshmangir, L, Dube, J, Ehsani-Chimeh, E, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Ferede, TY, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Freitas, A, Friedman, SD, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Garg, T, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghozali, G, Gilani, SA, Glavan, I-R, Glushkova, EV, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Guha, A, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haakenstad, A, Haider, MR, Hailu, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Harapan, H, Hartono, RK, Hasaballah, AI, Hassan, S, Hassanein, MH, Hayat, K, Hegazy, MI, Heidari, G, Hendrie, D, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hossain, SJ, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Huda, TM, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Idrisov, B, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Jahani, MA, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayawardena, R, Jazayeri, SB, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joukar, F, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Matin, BK, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khammarnia, M, Khan, J, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, GR, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kohler, S, Kosen, S, Koteeswaran, R, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, Lamnisos, D, Lansingh, VC, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Le, LKD, Lee, SWH, Lee, YY, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lozano, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Mahdavi, MM, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manda, AL, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Arnedo, CAM, Martinez-Valle, A, Masoumi, SZ, Maude, RJ, Mckee, M, Medina-Solis, CE, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Kostova, NM, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, TA, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Moitra, M, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Moradi, Y, Morze, J, Mousavi, SM, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Muriithi, MK, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narayana, AI, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Nonvignon, J, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Ojelabi, FAO, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Olgiati, S, Olusanya, JO, Onwujekwe, OE, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pawar, S, Toroudi, HP, Pereira, DM, Perianayagam, A, Pesudovs, K, Piccinelli, C, Postma, MJ, Prada, SI, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Reiner, RC, Renzaho, AMN, Reshmi, B, Riaz, MA, Ripon, RK, Saad, AM, Sahraian, MA, Sahu, M, Salama, JS, Salehi, S, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santos, JV, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sathian, B, Savic, M, Saxena, D, Sayyah, M, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shetty, A, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Shrime, MG, Shuja, KH, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Spurlock, EE, Stefan, SC, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Taddele, BW, Tefera, YG, Thavamani, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Car, LT, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Umar, N, Undurraga, EA, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Villafane, JH, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Bay, V, Vollmer, S, Theo, V, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wamai, RG, Werdecker, A, Woldekidan, MA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yigit, V, Yip, P, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Moghadam, TZ, Zandian, H, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Zuniga, YMH, Hay, SI, Murray, CJL, and Dieleman, JL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. METHODS: We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. FINDINGS: In 2019, health spending globally reached $8·8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·7-8·8) or $1132 (1119-1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this t
Published: 2021

7. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

Author: Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, Murray, CJL, Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, Etisso, AE, Eyawo, O, Fadhil, I, Faraon, EJA, Faris, PS, Farwati, M, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandez Prendes, C, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Ganji, M, Garg, J, Gebre, AK, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebregzabiher, KZ, Gebremeskel, GG, Getacher, L, Obsa, AG, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Glushkova, EV, Gnedovskaya, EV, Golechha, M, Gonfa, KB, Goudarzian, AH, Goulart, AC, Guadamuz, JS, Guha, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hartono, RK, Hashemian, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Iavicoli, I, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Shariful Islam, Sheikh, Islam, RM, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Jain, V, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Jonnagaddala, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahlon, T, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamel, I, Kandel, H, Kandel, A, Karch, A, Kasa, AS, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Khader, YS, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khatab, K, Kibria, GMA, Kim, YJ, Kim, GR, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kivimäki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Korshunov, VA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kwan, GF, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lallukka, T, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lawrence, WR, Laxmaiah, A, LeGrand, KE, Li, M-C, Li, B, Li, S, Lim, SS, Lim, L-L, Lin, H, Lin, Z, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lopez, AD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lugo, A, M, NK, Madotto, F, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mathur, MR, Mazzaglia, G, Mehata, S, Mehndiratta, MM, Meier, T, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, DK, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, MA, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Montasir, AA, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morze, J, Mubarik, S, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Nalini, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Narasimha Swamy, S, Nascimento, BR, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nazarzadeh, M, Negoi, RI, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, HLT, Nixon, MR, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nouthe, BE, Nowak, C, Odukoya, OO, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Ortiz, A, Ostroff, SM, Padubidri, JR, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Parvizi, M, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, UK, Pathak, M, Paudel, R, Pepito, VCF, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pham, HQ, Pilgrim, T, Piradov, MA, Pishgar, F, Podder, V, Polibin, RV, Pourshams, A, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Ur Rahman, MH, Rahman, Muhammad, Rahmani, AM, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramalingam, S, Rana, J, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawal, L, Rawasia, WF, Rawassizadeh, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Riahi, SM, Roberts-Thomson, RL, Roever, L, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Safari, S, Sahebkar, A, Salehi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shahid, I, Shaikh, MA, Shamali, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shin, M-J, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, TJ, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Mtech, AS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Spurlock, EE, Stockfelt, L, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Tadbiri, H, Tadesse, EG, Tadesse, DB, Tajdini, M, Tariqujjaman, M, Teklehaimanot, BF, Temsah, M-H, Tesema, AK, Thakur, B, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thrift, AG, Timalsina, B, Tonelli, M, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tripathi, A, Tripathy, JP, Truelsen, TC, Tsegay, GM, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimparis, N, Tusa, BS, Tyrovolas, S, Umapathi, KK, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Usman, MS, Vaduganathan, M, Valdez, PR, Vasankari, TJ, Velazquez, DZ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vu, GT, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wang, F, Wei, J, Weintraub, RG, Weldemariam, AH, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wiysonge, CS, Wolfe, CDA, Wubishet, BL, Xu, G, Yadollahpour, A, Yamagishi, K, Yan, LL, Yandrapalli, S, Yano, Y, Yatsuya, H, Yeheyis, TY, Yeshaw, Y, Yilgwan, CS, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zachariah, G, Zaman, SB, Zaman, MS, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zarghi, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhong, C, Zou, Z, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside hi
Published: 2020

8. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Author: Dana Bryazka, Marissa B Reitsma, Max G Griswold, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Giovanni Addolorato, Oladimeji M Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Sangeet Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Manik Aggarwal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Md Zakiul Alam, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yousef Alimohamadi, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Kasim Allel, Jordi Alonso, Saba Alvand, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Firehiwot Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Sohrab Amiri, Robert Ancuceanu, Jason A Anderson, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jalal Arabloo, Muhammad Arshad, Anton A Artamonov, Zahra Aryan, Malke Asaad, Mulusew A Asemahagn, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O Ayinde, Jose L Ayuso-Mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Ahmed Y Azzam, Ashish D Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/Bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R Brunoni, Zahid A Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael M Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G Cowden, Michael H Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J Elgar, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Lilian A Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Brian J Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, M Mofizul Islam, Rakibul M Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A Khan, Moien AB Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G Anil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S Lim, Stany W Lobo, Platon D Lopukhov, Stefan Lorkowski, Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, John J McGrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G Menezes, Gert B M Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Julius C Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P A, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D H Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Shayan Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Chythra R Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M N Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-Rodríguez, Gregory A Roth, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, KM Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K M Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A Sleet, Marco Solmi, YONATAN SOLOMON, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N Soyiri, Dan J Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw E Yesera, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Hjelt Institute (-2014), Helsinki Inequality Initiative (INEQ), Clinicum, Helsinki University Hospital Area, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, King Edward Medical University (Pakistán), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, University of Oxford (Reino Unido), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), NIH - National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (Estados Unidos), Canada Research Chairs, National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia), National Heart Foundation of Australia, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia), Wellcome Trust, NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Finlands Akademi (Finlandia), Panjab University (India), Federal Ministry of Education & Research (Alemania), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Brasil), Danish National Research Foundation, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), South African Medical Research Council, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Charles Sturt University (Australia), Ain Shams University (Egipto), Mizoram University (India), Kasturba Medical College (India), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (India), Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Collaborators, GBD 2020 Alcohol, Bryazka, Dana, Reitsma, Marissa B, Griswold, Max G, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abhilash, E S, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adhikari, Kishor, Adhikari, Sangeet, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Saira, Agegnehu, Wubetu Yimam, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alam, Md Zakiul, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alene, Kefyalew Addi, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alizadeh, Atiyeh, Allel, Kasim, Alonso, Jordi, Alvand, Saba, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Arabloo, Jalal, Arshad, Muhammad, Artamonov, Anton A, Aryan, Zahra, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Astell-Burt, Thoma, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre ayanore, Ayinde, Olatunde O, Ayuso-Mateos, Jose L, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Balchut/bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Baskaran, Pritish, Belo, Lui, Bennett, Derrick A, Benseñor, Isabela M, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Blokhina, Elena A Elena, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brunoni, Andre R, Butt, Zahid A, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Andre F, Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro-de-Araujo, Luis F S, Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Cherbuin, Nicola, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chudal, Nandita, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Churko, Chuchu, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Costanzo, Simona, Cowden, Richard G, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daniel, Beniam Darge, Danielewicz, Anna, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Davletov, Kairat, de Araujo, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva, de Sá-Junior, Antonio Rei, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demetriades, Andreas K, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Diress, Mengistie, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Duko, Bereket, Duncan, Bruce B, Edvardsson, Kristina, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elgar, Frank J, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Franci, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Farahmand, Fatemeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Feigin, Valery L, Feldman, Rachel, Feng, Xiaoqi, Fentaw, Zinabu, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Franklin, Richard Charle, Gaal, Peter Andra, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Galvano, Fabio, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gemechu, Tadele Regasa, Getacher, Lemma, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew Obsa, Abera, Getie, Asmare, Ghaderi, Amir, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghandour, Lilian A, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghozy, Sherief, Glozah, Franklin N, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hall, Brian J, Halwani, Rabih, Handiso, Tiilahun Beyene, Hankey, Graeme J, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Sahadat, Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, M Mofizul, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jabbarinejad, Roxana, Jacob, Loui, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeddi, Seyed Ali, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tama, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Moien AB, Kim, Hanna, Kim, Jihee, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kivimäki, Mika, Klymchuk, Vitalii, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kumar, Nithin, Lacey, Ben, Lallukka, Tea, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yo Han, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lobo, Stany W, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Makki, Alaa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Manjunatha, Narayana, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martinez-Villa, Francisco A, Matzopoulos, Richard, Maulik, Pallab K, Mayeli, Mahsa, Mcgrath, John J, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mensink, Gert B M, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Atte, Merga, Bedasa Taye, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Miller, Ted R, Mini, Gk, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misra, Sanjeev, Moazen, Babak, Mobarakabadi, Maryam, Moccia, Marcello, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moradi, Yousef, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mullany, Erin C, Mulugeta, Beemnet Tekabe, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J L, Mwita, Julius C, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane, Sudan Prasad Prasad, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuruzzaman, Khan M, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Morae, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Patton, George C, Paudel, Uttam, Pawar, Shrikant, Peden, Amy E, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phillips, Michael R, Pinheiro, Marina, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prashant, Akila, Quan, Jianchao, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roth, Gregory A, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Reihaneh, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Farhad, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sathian, Brijesh, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schmidt, Maria Inê, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Seylani, Allen, Sha, Feng, Shahin, Sarvenaz, Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba, Shahrokhi, Shayan, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shakhmardanov, Murad Ziyaudinovich, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shrestha, Roman, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Silva, Natacha Torres da, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Solmi, Marco, Solomon, Yonatan, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Stein, Dan J, Subba, Sonu Hangma, Szócska, Mikló, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taheri, Majid, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tareke, Minale, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapar, Rekha, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Tiruneh, Chalachew, Todorovic, Jovana, Torrado, Marco, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Vakilian, Alireza, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Varmaghani, Mehdi, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vos, Theo, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wang, Cong, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wubetu, Abate Dargie, Xu, Suowen, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yesera, Gesila Endashaw E, Yigit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yimaw, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zahir, Mazyar, Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zmaili, Mohammad, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Bryazka, D, Reitsma, Mb, Griswold, Mg, Abate, Kh, Abbafati, C, Kangevari, Ma, Kangevari, Za, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdullah, Am, Abhilash, E, Abu Gharbieh, E, Acuna, Jm, Addolorato, G, Adebayo, Om, Adekanmbi, V, Adhikari, K, Adhikari, S, Adnani, Qe, Afzal, S, Agegnehu, Wy, Aggarwal, M, Ahinkorah, Bo, Ahmad, Ar, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Rashid, Ta, Akunna, Cj, Al Hamad, H, Alam, Mz, Alem, Dt, Alene, Ka, Alimohamadi, Y, Alizadeh, A, Allel, K, Alonso, J, Alvand, S, Guzman, Na, Amare, F, Ameyaw, Ek, Amiri, S, Ancuceanu, R, Anderson, Ja, Andrei, Cl, Andrei, T, Arabloo, J, Arshad, M, Artamonov, Aa, Aryan, Z, Asaad, M, Asemahagn, Ma, Burt, Ta, Athari, S, Atnafu, Dd, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Ayano, G, Ayanore, Ma, Ayinde, Oo, Mateos, Jla, Azadnajafabad, S, Azanaw, Mm, Khyavy, Ma, Jafari, Aa, Azzam, Ay, Badiye, Ad, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bairwa, M, Bakkannavar, Sm, Bakshi, Rk, Balchut, Ah, Null, T, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Belo, L, Bennett, Da, Bensenor, Im, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bintoro, B, Blokhina, Eae, Bodicha, Bba, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Briko, Ni, Brunoni, Ar, Butt, Za, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, Af, Carvalho, M, Maia, Jmc, Castelpietra, G, de Araujo, Lfsc, Cattaruzza, M, Chakraborty, Pa, Charan, J, Chattu, Vk, Chaurasia, A, Cherbuin, N, Chu, Dt, Chudal, N, Chung, Sc, Churko, C, Ciobanu, Lg, Cirillo, M, Claro, Rm, Costanzo, S, Cowden, Rg, Criqui, Mh, Martins, Nc, Culbreth, Gt, Dachew, Ba, Dadras, O, Dai, Xc, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daniel, Bd, Danielewicz, A, Gela, Jd, Davletov, K, de Araujo, Jap, de Sa, Ar, Debela, Sa, Dehghan, A, Demetriades, Ak, Molla, Md, Desai, R, Desta, Aa, da Silva, Dd, Diaz, D, Digesa, Le, Diress, M, Dodangeh, M, Dongarwar, D, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, Hl, Duko, B, Duncan, Bb, Edvardsson, K, Ekholuenetale, M, Elgar, Fj, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, Ma, Endries, Ay, Eskandarieh, S, Etemadimanesh, A, Fagbamigbe, Af, Fakhradiyev, Ir, Farahmand, F, Farinha, Cse, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, Nk, Feigin, Vl, Feldman, R, Feng, Xq, Fentaw, Z, Ferrero, S, Desideri, Lf, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Francis, Jm, Franklin, Rc, Gaal, Pa, Gad, Mm, Gallus, S, Galvano, F, Ganesan, B, Garg, T, Gebrehiwot, Mgd, Gebremeskel, Tg, Gebremichael, Ma, Gemechu, Tr, Getacher, L, Getachew, Me, Obsa, Ag, Getie, A, Ghaderi, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghamari, Sh, Ghandour, La, Nour, Mg, Ghashghaee, A, Ghozy, S, Glozah, Fn, Glushkova, Ev, Godos, J, Goel, A, Goharinezhad, S, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golitaleb, M, Greaves, F, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Gudayu, Tw, Gupta, B, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, Vb, Gupta, Vk, Nejad, Nh, Mirzaian, Ah, Hall, Bj, Halwani, R, Handiso, Tb, Hankey, Gj, Hariri, S, Haro, Jm, Hasaballah, Ai, Moghaddam, Hh, Hay, Si, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Heyi, Dz, Hezam, K, Hlongwa, Mm, Holla, R, Hossain, Mm, Hossain, S, Hosseini, Sk, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hu, Gq, Huang, Jj, Hussain, S, Ibitoye, Se, Ilic, Im, Ilic, Md, Immurana, M, Irham, Lm, Islam, Mm, Islam, Rm, Islam, Sm, Iso, H, Itumalla, R, Iwagami, M, Jabbarinejad, R, Jacob, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jamalpoor, Z, Jamshidi, E, Jayapal, Sk, Jayarajah, Uu, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jeddi, Sa, Jema, At, Jha, Rp, Jindal, Ha, Jonas, Jb, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabthymer, Rh, Kamble, Bd, Kandel, H, Kanno, Gg, Kapoor, N, Karaye, Im, Karimi, Se, Kassa, Bg, Kaur, Rj, Kayode, Ga, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khan, Ia, Ab Khan, M, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kimokoti, Rw, Kivimaki, M, Klymchuk, V, Knudsen, Ak, Kolahi, Aa, Korshunov, Va, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Kumar, Ga, Kumar, N, Ben, Lacey, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lau, J, Lee, Sw, Lee, Wc, Lee, Yh, Lim, Ll, Lim, S, Lobo, Sw, Lopukhov, Pd, Lorkowski, S, Lozano, R, Lucchetti, G, Madadizadeh, F, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoodpoor, A, Mahumud, Ra, Makki, A, Malekpour, Mr, Manjunatha, N, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, Ma, Raga, Jm, Villa, Fam, Matzopoulos, R, Maulik, Pk, Mayeli, M, Mcgrath, Jj, Meena, Jk, Nasab, Em, Menezes, Rg, Mensink, Gbm, Mentis, Afa, Meretoja, A, Merga, Bt, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, Jm, Miazgowski, B, de Sa, Acmgn, Miller, Tr, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirijello, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misra, S, Moazen, B, Mobarakabadi, M, Moccia, M, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, E, Hafshejani, Am, Mohammed, Ta, Moka, N, Mokdad, Ah, Momtazmanesh, S, Moradi, Y, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Mullany, Ec, Mulugeta, Bt, Zamora, Em, Murray, Cjl, Mwita, Jc, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, Md, Nangia, V, Nayak, Bp, Negoi, I, Negoi, Ri, Nejadghaderi, Sa, Nepal, S, Neupane, Spp, Kandel, Sn, Nigatu, Yt, Nowroozi, A, Nuruzzaman, Km, Nzoputam, Ci, Obamiro, Ko, Ogbo, Fa, Oguntade, A, Aliabad, Ho, Olakunde, Bo, Oliveira, Gmm, Bali, Ao, Omer, E, Altamirano, Dvo, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Mahesh, Pa, Monedero, Ap, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Jonas, Sp, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Parekh, T, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Kan, Fp, Patel, J, Pati, S, Patton, Gc, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Peden, Ae, Petcu, Ir, Phillips, Mr, Pinheiro, M, Plotnikov, E, Pradhan, Pm, Prashant, A, Quan, Jc, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raghav, Pr, Movaghar, Vr, Rahman, A, Rahman, Mm, Rahman, M, Rahmani, Am, Rahmani, S, Ranabhat, Cl, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, Cr, Rasali, Dp, Rashidi, Mm, Ratan, Za, Rawaf, Dl, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Renzaho, Amn, Rezaei, N, Rezaei, S, Rezaeian, M, Riahi, Sm, Rodriguez, Er, Roth, Ga, Rwegerera, Gm, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, R, Saeed, U, Saeedi, F, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Sahraian, Ma, Rahman, Ksu, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, Am, Sanmarchi, F, Milicevic, Mm, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Saya, Gk, Sayyah, M, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, Dc, Seidu, Aa, Seyedalinaghi, S, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahin, S, Sanavi, F, Shahrokhi, S, Shaikh, Ma, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, Mz, Beyranvand, M, Sheikhbahaei, S, Sheikhi, Ra, Shetty, A, Shetty, Jk, Shiferaw, D, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, Km, Shivarov, V, Shobeiri, P, Shrestha, R, Sidemo, Nb, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silva, Da, da Silva, Nt, Singh, Ja, Singh, S, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Sleet, Da, Solmi, M, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Song, Ym, Sorensen, Rjd, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, In, Stein, Dj, Subba, Sh, Szocska, M, Seisdedos, Rt, Tabuchi, T, Taheri, M, Tan, Kk, Tareke, M, Tarkang, Ee, Temesgen, G, Temesgen, Wa, Temsah, Mh, Thankappan, Kr, Thapar, R, Thomas, Nk, Tiruneh, C, Todorovic, J, Torrado, M, Touvier, M, Palone, Mrt, Tran, Mtn, Llimos, St, Tripathy, Jp, Vakilian, A, Valizadeh, R, Varmaghani, M, Varthya, Sb, Vasankari, Tj, Vos, T, Wagaye, B, Waheed, Y, Walde, Mt, Wang, C, Wang, Yz, Wang, Yp, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, Nd, Wubetu, Ad, Xu, S, Yamagishi, K, Yang, L, Yesera, Gee, Yigit, A, Yimaw, Ae, Yon, Dk, Yonemoto, N, Yu, Ch, Zadey, S, Zahir, M, Zare, I, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Zj, Zhong, Cw, Zmaili, M, Zuniga, Ymh, Gakidou, E, Madureira-Carvalho, Am, Ciobanu, LG, Gakidou, Emma, and GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators
Subjects: Adult, Male, Alcohol Drinking, CONTROL POLICIES, adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Geography, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, NDAS, ALL-CAUSE, GUIDELINES, GBD 2020 Alcohol Collaborators, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, Medicine, General & Internal, DRINKING, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, General & Internal Medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, DRINKERS, Child, Preschool, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, METAANALYSIS, MCC, Science & Technology, global burden of disease, Risk Factor, General Medicine, CANCER, alcohol drinking, AC, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, REDUCED MORTALITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human
Abstract: Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí
Published: 2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources

Refine your results

8 results on '"Zuniga, YMH"'

1. Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

2. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

3. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

4. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

5. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

6. Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

7. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

8. Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

Catalog

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Database

Publisher

8 results on '"Zuniga, YMH"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources