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This paper investigates the Izhia Numerals and those of the English language, and examines how the numerals in both languages could enter into relationship with the nouns to form a determiner phrase. The study uses the Contrastive analysis and the minimalist program as tools for identifying, predicting and generalizing functional and structural similarities and dissimilarities within the two languages which may pose difficulties in second language learning or ease second language learning. Data used in this study were obtained through oral interviews. Findings reveal that numerals in both languages are split into cardinal and ordinal and are functionally similar but structurally dissimilar, as the English numerals occur only in pre-position in their DP system while in Izhia the reverse is the case as the numerals appear in post-positions in their DP system. The study also reveals that there isco-occurrence of determiners in Izhia DP with numerals which is not common in English. The study brings to the fore the fact that nouns can co-occur with cardinal numerals in the two languages under discourse. On this premise, it is realized that the knowledge of the dissimilarities in the structures of the L1 and the L2 can enhance proficiency and good performance in the teaching and learning of English language as a second language as far as Izhia speakers of English are concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the foliar chelated forms of Mg and Fe, on grape yield and mineral status of the shoots of vine cultivar Cardinal. Field trials were organized using a random block system with three variants, including a control (Variant I), each replicated three times. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a concentration of 0.5% on four occasions throughout the vegetation period: before and after blooming, during buckshot berry stage, and at the verasion stage. Over the ivestigation of three years, the application of foliar Mg and Fe fertilizers significantly influenced grape yield. The variant treated with Fe (VFe) demonstrated a higher average yield of 14.87 t/ha. Furthermore, a noticeable impact of foliar fertilizers on the concentration of analyzed elements in grapevine shoots was observed. Over the three-year period, the average content of macro elements, including nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and iron, was higher in the treated variants compared to the control. Additionally, results from shoot tissue analysis confirmed the existence of an antagonistic relationship between magnesium and potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Church in the World / Crkva u Svijetu is the property of University of Split, Catholic Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardinal Stanisław Ryłko is a priest of the Archdiocese of Kraków, where he was brought up and educated. As a priest, he worked in the pastoral ministry and then studied not only in Poland, but also in Rome. As a sociologist, he taught at the Faculty of Theology of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków. He is the author of more than twenty publications in the above-mentioned areas of sociology. Since 1987 he has worked in the Holy See, first in the Polish Section of the Secretariat of State, and then in the Pontifical Council for the Laity. He has been raised to the dignity of Bishop and Cardinal. On 20 December 2016, Pope Francis appointed him archpriest of the Basilica of Saint Mary Major – Santa Maria Maggiore, one of the four papal basilicas of Rome.

Cardinal is an open-source application that couples OpenMC Monte Carlo transport and NekRS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), closing neutronics and thermal-fluid gaps in conducting high-resolution multiscale and multiphysics analyses of nuclear systems. We first provide a brief introduction to Cardinal's software design, data mapping, and coupling strategy to highlight our approach to overcoming common challenges in high-fidelity multiphysics simulations. We then present two Cardinal simulations for hexagonal pin bundles. The first is a validation of Cardinal's conjugate heat transfer coupling of NekRS's Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes model with MOOSE's heat conduction physics for a bare seven-pin Freon-12 bundle flow experiment. Predictions for pin surface temperatures under three different heating modes agree reasonably well with experimental data and similar CFD modeling from the literature. The second simulation is a multiphysics coupling of OpenMC, NekRS, and BISON for a reduced-scale, seven-pin wire-wrapped version of an Advanced Burner Reactor bundle. Wire wraps are approximated using a momentum source model, and coupled predictions are provided for velocity, temperature, and power distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper models the real-time adaptation of utility when individuals have a limited capacity to make fine distinctions. A simple adaptive mechanism is proposed that adapts utility to an arbitrary distribution of rewards in a way that is ultimately optimal, in terms of minimizing the probability of errors. A modified simple mechanism is approximately optimal in terms of maximizing expected utility. The model generates the so-called "hedonic treadmill" and induces a preference for rising consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) has proven to be a useful tool when investigating the spatial distributions of metabolites and proteins in a biological system. One of the biggest advantages of IMS is the ability to maintain the 3D chemical composition of a sample and analyze it in a label-free manner. However, acquiring the spatial information leads to an increase in data size. Due to the increased availability of commercial mass spectrometers capable of IMS, there has been an exciting development of different statistical tools that can help decipher the spatial relevance of an analyte in a biological sample. To address this need, software packages like SCiLS and the open source R package Cardinal have been designed to perform unbiased spectral grouping based on the similarity of spectra in an IMS data set. In this note, we evaluate SCiLS and Cardinal compatibility with MALDI-TOF IMS data sets of the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Both software were able to perform unsupervised segmentation with similar performance. There were a few notable differences which are discussed related to the identification of statistically significant features which required optimization of preprocessing steps, region of interest, and manual analysis.

Mulching helps preserve soil fertility by preventing moisture loss, maintaining soil temperature, limiting weed growth, promoting microbial growth, and minimizing soil erosion. An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of plastic mulching and control conditions (as main factors) on yield attributes of five potato varieties, namely Khumal Seto-1, Desiree, Cardinal, Kufri-Jyoti, and C-88 (as sub-factors), in Dailekh, Nepal during. A Split-plot design was employed comprising altogether ten treatments with three replications each. R-Studio software was used to analyze the data and attribute the responses to growth and yield parameters. The Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to differentiate the treatment means at 5% level of significance. Mulching treatment was found to be significantly more effective than no mulch for all the vegetative growth attributes. Compared to no mulch, the use of plastic mulch produced the greatest plant height (38.66 cm) at 75 DAS, highest number of marketable tubers (11.64), and the total number of tubers per hill (13.04), marketable tuber yield (3.93 kg/m2), and a significantly higher total tuber yield of 25.48 t/ha. Similarly, total tuber yield was found to be highest for Khumal Seto-1 (25.32 t/ha) and least for Kufri-Jyoti (22.38 t/ha). The benefit-cost analysis was found to be significant for the mulch condition and Khumal Seto-1, with promising ratios of 3.28 and 3.48, respectively. Thus, Khumal Seto-1 under plastic mulching may be used for better productivity of potatoes in Dailekh, and moreover, other readily available and accessible mulch options, including organic mulch-materials, can be utilized. [Fundam Appl Agric 2023; 8(1.000): 402-414]

The paper presents the results of a two-year study of the influence of different vine loads with fertile buds on the agrobiological, economic and technological characteristics of the Cardinal variety. The research was carried out in the vineyard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Podgorica subregion. Four different vine loads with fertile buds were applied: 8, 12, 16 and 18 buds. The results of the research showed that the applied loads had a significant impact on the examined parameters of the Cardinal variety. The obtained results on the average yield of grapes show that the lowest value of this parameter was the variant with a load of 8 buds - 1.45 kg m-2, while the highest grape yield was recorded for the variant with a load of 16 buds (2.03 kg m-2). V1 variant had the highest average bunch (386 g) and berries (7g) weight, while V4 had the smallest bunch (285 g) and berries (5.95 g) weight. The quality of the grapes also varied significantly under the influence of the vine load. The highest sugar content in must was recorded in the variant with a load of 8 buds - 15.79%, and the lowest in the variant with 18 buds - 14.30%. The acid content did not differ significantly between the tested variants. V4 variant had the highest - 4.30 g/l, and V1 and V3 variants - 4.05 g/l measured the lowest acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monte Carlo simulation based on Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) brings unique challenges for multiphysics simulation, including establishing field transfers with mesh-based physics codes, the combination of stochastic and deterministic solvers, and high computational expense. In this work, an adaptive, on-the-fly mesh-based Monte Carlo geometry algorithm is implemented in Cardinal to reduce the barrier-to-entry for high-fidelity multiphysics by (i) eliminating ambiguity in defining CSG cells for temperature and density feedback, (ii) enabling simple mesh convergence studies, and (iii) more closely integrating Computer Aided Design (CAD) workflows with Monte Carlo methods. During Picard iterations, an OpenMC mesh geometry is adaptively refined or coarsened by contouring temperature and/or density fields from a thermal-fluid solver. This algorithm is applied to a full-core Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR) geometry with NekRS Large Eddy Simulation (LES) coupled to OpenMC neutron transport. A performance study indicates a net speedup of 2.3 × in the OpenMC solver when using an adaptive geometry for cell sizes chosen intermediate to the as-built CAD geometry versus 1:1 element tracking, which points to future algorithmic research in accelerated Monte Carlo mesh tracking. • Adaptive unstructured mesh geometry automatically refines Monte Carlo geometry. • Large Eddy Simulation is coupled with Monte Carlo neutron transport for an MSFR. • A performance study highlights ray tracing and point containment algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a rapidly expanding field in the MS community. The analysis of large spectral data is further complicated by the added spatial dimension of MSI. A plethora of resources exist for expert users to begin parsing MSI data in R, but there is a critical lack of guidance for absolute beginners. This tutorial is designed to serve as a one-stop guide to start using R with MSI data and describe the possibilities that data science can bring to MSI analysis.

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Although recent success in reverse genetics has facilitated rapid progress in basic and applied research, integration of forward genetics with modern technologies remains challenging in this important species, as up to 47% of its chromosome is refractory to genetic mapping due to extremely low rate of recombination. Here, we report the development of a marker-assisted mapping strategy to readily screen for and genotype only the rare but informative recombinants, drastically increasing both the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. Using marker-assisted mapping, we mapped a transgene that was inserted in a >100-Mb recombination desert and a sex-linked spontaneous red-eye (re) mutation just outside the region. We subsequently determined, by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, that cardinal is the causal gene of re, which is the first forward genetic identification of a causal gene in Ae. aegypti. The identification of the causal gene of the sex-linked re mutation provides the molecular foundation for using gene editing to develop versatile and stable genetic sexing methods. To facilitate genome-wide forward genetics in Ae. aegypti, we generated and compiled a number of lines with markers throughout the genome. Thus, by overcoming the challenges presented by the vast recombination deserts and the scarcity of markers, we have shown that effective forward genetic analysis is increasingly feasible in this important arboviral vector species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being involved in development of Huntington's, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism plays a significant role in modulation of neuropathology. Accumulation of a prooxidant 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HOK) leads to oxidative stress and neuronal cell apoptosis. Drosophila mutant cardinal (cd1) with 3-HOK excess shows age-dependent neurodegeneration and short-term memory impairments, thereby presenting a model for senile dementia. Although cd gene for phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) catalyzing 3-HOK dimerization has been presumed to harbor the cd1 mutation, its molecular nature remained obscure. Using next generation sequencing, we have shown that the cd gene in cd1 carries a long deletion leading to PHS active site destruction. Contrary to the wild type Canton-S (CS), cd1 males showed defective long-term memory (LTM) in conditioned courtship suppression paradigm (CCSP) at days 5–29 after eclosion. The number of dopaminergic neurons (DAN) regulating fly locomotor activity showed an age-dependent tendency to decrease in cd1 relative to CS. Thus, in accordance with the concept "from the gene to behavior" proclaimed by S. Benzer, we have shown that the aberrant PHS sequence in cd1 provokes drastic LTM impairments and DAN alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Eye pigmentation genes have been utilized as visible markers for constructing genetic control prototypes in several insect vectors of human disease. Here, orthologs of two ommochrome pathway genes, kynurenine 3-hydroxylase (kmo) and cardinal, were investigated in Plutella xylostella, a globally distributed, economically important pest of Brassica crops. Results Both somatic mosaic and germline mutations were efficiently created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and null mutant strains of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal were obtained. A frame-shift mutation in Pxkmo caused yellow compound eyes at adult stage while an in-frame mutation lacking two amino acids resulted in a hypomorphic red eye phenotypes. In contrast, Pxcardinal-deficient moths with a frame-shift mutation exhibited yellow eye pigmentation in newly emerged adults which turned to red as the adults aged. Additionally, differences were observed in the coloration of larval ocelli, brains and testes in Pxkmo and Pxcardinal yellow-eye mutant lines. Conclusions Our work identifies the important roles of Pxkmo and Pxcardinal in P. xylostella eye pigmentation and provides tools for future genetic manipulation of this important crop pest.

We say that a space $X$ has the discrete countable chain condition (DCCC for short) if every discrete family of nonempty open subsets of $X$ is countable. A space $X$ has a zeroset diagonal if there is a continuous mapping $f X^2 \rightarrow[0,1]$ with $\Delta_X=f^{-1}(0)$, where $\Delta_X=\{(x,x)\colon x\in X\}$. In this paper, we prove that every first countable DCCC space with a zeroset diagonal has cardinality at most $\mathfrak c$.

Copyright of Collected Papers of Zagreb Law Faculty / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu is the property of Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Pravni Fakultet and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kynurenine pathway is critically important to catabolize tryptophan, to produce eye chromes, and to protect nervous system in insects. However, several issues related to tryptophan degradation remain to be clarified. In the present paper, we identified three genes (karmoisin, vermilion and cardinal) involved in kynurenine pathway in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. The karmoisin and cardinal were highly expressed in the pupae and adults having compound eyes. Consistently, high-performance liquid chromatography result showed that three ommochrome peaks were present in adult heads rather than bodies (thoraces, legs, wings and abdomens). RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of vermilion caused accumulation of tryptophan in both adult heads and bodies, disappearance of ommochromes in the heads and a complete loss of eye color in both pupae and adults. Depletion of cardinal brought about excess of 3-hydroxykynurenine and insufficient ommochromes in the heads and decolored eyes. RNAi of karmoisin resulted in a decrease in ommochromes in the heads, and a partial loss of eye color. Moreover, a portion of karmoisin-, vermilion- or cardinal-silenced adults exhibited negative phototaxis, whereas control beetles showed positive phototaxis. Furthermore, dysfunctions of tryptophan catabolism impaired climbing ability. Our findings clearly illustrated several issues related to kynurenine pathway and provided a new insight into the physiological importance of tryptophan catabolism in H. vigintioctopunctata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal was to specify the developmental trajectory of cardinal, ordinal, and spatial relational language comprehension and production. One hundred sixty-four 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old English-speaking children viewed a row of toy cars and were asked to place the appropriate car(s) into a toy garage based on the label provided (Give Me) or to produce the correct label for the specified car(s) (Tell Me). Children were tested using cardinal (one, three, five), ordinal (first, third, fifth), and spatial (front, middle, back) labels. Language performance improved with age, especially for spatial labels. Language performance was more accurate for cardinal labels than for spatial and ordinal labels. Performance was quite accurate for cardinal labels regardless of condition, whereas comprehension was higher than production for spatial and ordinal labels. • Three-, 4-, and 5-year-old children completed language comprehension and production tasks. • They were tested using cardinal, ordinal, and spatial relational labels. • Children's relational language performance improved significantly with age, especially for spatial labels. • Children were significantly more accurate for cardinal labels than for spatial and ordinal labels. • Children's comprehension was significantly more accurate than production, especially for ordinal and spatial labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This mini-review focuses on the question of how the grammatical number system of a child's language may help the child learn the meanings of cardinal number words (e.g., "one" and "two"). Evidence from young children learning English, Russian, Japanese, Mandarin, Slovenian, or Saudi Arabic suggests that trajectories of number-word learning differ for children learning different languages. Children learning English, which distinguishes between singular and plural, seem to learn the meaning of the cardinal number "one" earlier than children learning Japanese or Mandarin, which have very little singular/plural marking. Similarly, children whose languages have a singular/dual/plural system (Slovenian and Saudi Arabic) learn the meaning of "two" earlier than English-speaking children. This relation between grammatical and cardinal number may shed light on how humans acquire cardinal-number concepts. There is an ongoing debate about whether mental symbols for small cardinalities (concepts for "oneness," "twoness," etc.) are innate or learned. Although an effect of grammatical number on number-word learning does not rule out nativist accounts, it seems more consistent with constructivist accounts, which portray the number-learning process as one that requires significant conceptual change.

Dysfunctions of kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism (KPTM) are associated with multiple neuropathologies in vertebrates and invertebrates. Drosophila mutants with altered content of kynurenines are model objects for studying the molecular processes of neurodegeneration and senile dementia. The mutant cardinal (cd1) with accumulation of the redox stress inductor 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HOK) shows age-dependent impairments of the courtship song and middle-term memory. The molecular mechanisms for 3-HOK accumulation in cd1 are still unknown. Here, we have studied age-dependent differences in spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) for the wild type strain Canton-S (CS), cd1, and cinnabar (cn1) with an excess of neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA). We have also estimated the level and distribution of protein-bound 3-HOK (PB-3-HOK) in Drosophila brains (Br) and head tissues. The middle-age cd1 show the higher running speed and lower run frequency compared to CS, for cn1 the situation is the opposite. There is a decrease in the index of activity for 40-day-old cd1 that seems to be an effect of the oxidative stress development. Surprisingly, PB-3-HOK level in Drosophila heads, brains, and head capsules (HC) is several times lower for cd1 compared to CS. This complements the traditional hypothesis that cd1 phenotype results from a mutation in phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) gene governing the brown eye pigment xanthommatin synthesis. In addition to 3-HOK dimerization, cd1 mutation affects protein modification by 3-HOK. The accumulation of free 3-HOK in cd1 may result from the impairment of 3-HOK conjugation with some proteins of the brain and head tissues.

This article provides an introduction to, and an English translation of, the Latin funeral oration written by Nikolaus, the bishop of Modruš (or Nicholas de Korto), on the occasion of Cardinal Pietro Riario’s death in January 1474. The article opens with a contextualizing introduction to the oration, its author, and its subject, as well as the contemporary late-fifteenth-century trend in publishing funeral orations. Following this introduction is an English translation from, and comparison with, Neven Jovanović’s openaccess, peer-reviewed Latin transcription (Croatiae Auctores Latini) and the British Library’s copy of the oration (ISTC No. in000488000), which was first printed in Rome in 1474 by Antonio and Raffaele Volterrano.

Immediately after acquiring state independence at the Berlin Congress, in 1878, Prince Nikola initiated negotiations with the Vatican for concluding a Concordat, which would regulate the position of the inhabitants of the Catholic faith in Montenegro. The first mediator was Bishop Strossmayer, and from the summer of 1881 the negotiations continued through the personal envoy, the bishop Visarion Ljubiša, the last metropolitan of Montenegro. The paper gives a synthetic presentation of the participation of this Orthodox ecclesiastical dignitary in defining the first draft of Concordat, as well as his role in negotiations with the highest representatives of Curia, during which his adherence to principles and high awareness of the importance of the task entrusted to him by the highest state authority were expressed.

This article introduces extended natural numbers, i.e. the set ℕ ∪ {+∞}, in Mizar [4], [3] and formalizes a way to list a cardinal numbers of cardinals. Both concepts have applications in graph theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysfunctions of kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism (KPTM) are associated with multiple neuropathologies in vertebrates and invertebrates. Drosophila mutants with altered content of kynurenines are model objects for studying the molecular processes of neurodegeneration and senile dementia. The mutant cardinal (cd1) with accumulation of the redox stress inductor 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HOK) shows age-dependent impairments of the courtship song and middle-term memory. The molecular mechanisms for 3-HOK accumulation in cd1 are still unknown. Here, we have studied age-dependent differences in spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) for the wild type strain Canton-S (CS), cd1 , and cinnabar (cn1) with an excess of neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA). We have also estimated the level and distribution of protein-bound 3-HOK (PB-3-HOK) in Drosophila brains (Br) and head tissues. The middle-age cd1 show the higher running speed and lower run frequency compared to CS , for cn1 the situation is the opposite. There is a decrease in the index of activity for 40-day-old cd1 that seems to be an effect of the oxidative stress development. Surprisingly, PB-3-HOK level in Drosophila heads, brains, and head capsules (HC) is several times lower for cd1 compared to CS. This complements the traditional hypothesis that cd1 phenotype results from a mutation in phenoxazinone synthase (PHS) gene governing the brown eye pigment xanthommatin synthesis. In addition to 3-HOK dimerization, cd1 mutation affects protein modification by 3-HOK. The accumulation of free 3-HOK in cd1 may result from the impairment of 3-HOK conjugation with some proteins of the brain and head tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A space X is said to be cellular-Lindelöf if, for every family U of disjoint non-empty open sets of X, there is a Lindelöf subspace L ⊂ X , such that U ∩ L ≠ ∅ for every U ∈ U . This class of spaces was introduced by Bella and Spadaro in 2007. In this paper, our main result is to show that the Pixley–Roy space F [ X ] is cellular-Lindelöf if and only if it is CCC. We also establish a cardinal inequality for cellular-Lindelöf spaces which have a symmetric g-function. Some open questions are posed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a three-year study (2010-2012) on the influence of different types and combinations of fertilisers on the agro-biological, economic and technological characteristics of the Cardinal variety of grapes. The study was carried out in the experimental vineyard of the Biotechnical Faculty in Podgorica to explore the possibility of reducing the use of mineral fertilisers by applying various organic fertiliser sources. Ten variants of fertilisation were applied: control (500 kg ha-1, NPK 8:16:24), cattle manure (25 t ha-1), poultry manure (10 t ha-1), peat (12 t ha-1), combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% cattle manure, combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% poultry manure, combination of 75% mineral fertiliser and 25% peat, combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% cattle fertiliser, combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% poultry manure, and combination of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% peat. The results demonstrate the possibility of using organic fertilisers to partially replace mineral fertilisers. The application of 50% mineral fertiliser and 50% organic fertilisers produced the best results in terms of grape yield and the physical and chemical characteristics of bunches and berries of the Cardinal variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a set x , let ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ be the set of all permutations of x. We prove in ZF (without the axiom of choice) several results concerning this notion, among which are the following: (1) For all sets x such that ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ is Dedekind infinite, $\left| {{{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left(x \right)} \right| and there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ into ${{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left(x \right)$ , where ${{\cal S}_{{\rm{fin}}}}\left(x \right)$ denotes the set of all permutations of x which move only finitely many elements. (2) For all sets x such that ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ is Dedekind infinite, $\left| {{\rm{seq}}\left(x \right)} \right| and there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ into seq (x), where seq (x) denotes the set of all finite sequences of elements of x. (3) For all infinite sets x such that there exists a permutation of x without fixed points, there are no finite-to-one functions from ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ into x. (4) For all sets x , $|{[x]^2}|. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a set x , let ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ be the set of all permutations of x. We prove by the method of permutation models that the following statements are consistent with ZF: (1) There is an infinite set x such that $|\wp \left(x \right)| , where $\wp \left(x \right)$ is the power set of x , seq (x) is the set of all finite sequences of elements of x , and seq1-1 (x) is the set of all finite sequences of elements of x without repetition. (2) There is a Dedekind infinite set x such that $|{\cal S}\left(x \right)| and such that there exists a surjection from x onto ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$. (3) There is an infinite set x such that there is a finite-to-one function from ${\cal S}\left(x \right)$ into x. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the potential importance of corridors has been acknowledged for both native and non-native species, little is known about how corridors actually function in developed and fragmented landscapes. Transportation corridors, such as roads and freeways, provide fairly consistent habitat conditions traversing nearly all man-made developments, including cropland, suburbs, reserves, and cities, and connect them with undeveloped areas. The combination of the particular conditions along road and freeway verges and the characteristics of the plants that reach these corridors will ultimately determine which species, native or not, will be able to move within cities and developed areas, as well as to and from cities and surrounding undeveloped areas. This study will advance ecological understanding of the plant species that are able to move through existing corridors in arid and semi-arid urban areas. Urban areas, including freeway corridors, are intensively managed. This study will consider human management and urban development as integral and natural parts of the ecosystem under study. Understanding the similarities and differences in traits that affect movement of plant species along corridors will provide evidence as to whether native and non-native or functional groupings of species actually move differently in corridors. It will contribute to the literature on assessing the potential for particular plant species to invade new areas. Linking local plant processes to the larger landscape scale of movement between cities and undeveloped areas will have important implications for conservation planning in both environments. Twenty sites were selected along the four major freeways in the cardinal directions around the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Beginning in March 2004, vegetation surveys have been performed seasonally at each site. In addition, seedbank samples and bulk-soil samples were collected at each site. The seed-bank samples are germinating in the greenhouse to determine the seed-bank composition; analysis of physical soil characteristics and available and total levels of soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) is nearly complete. Initial soil-chemistry results show that levels of plant-extractable nitrate are significantly increased in the surface soil located directly adjacent to the asphalt (ANOVA using log surface soil concentration; F = 5.556, P = 0.005). There were also significant differences between sites located adjacent to different land uses, with the sites located in the more densely developed city areas having higher nitrate levels than those at the edges of developed areas. The urban residential sites had the highest levels, followed by croplands, then lower density “fringe” development, and desert sites had the lowest levels of extractable nitrate (ANOVA using log surface soil concentration, F = 123.67, P < 0.001; Fisher’s multiple comparison, all combos P < 0.001). The plant community composition and seed-bank composition at these sites will be compared with nutrient levels to determine whether similar patterns emerge. It is likely that in the typically nitrogen-limited Sonoran Desert, the addition of nitrogen as a result of exhaust from combustion engines is significantly impacting which plant species are most likely to grow along the roadsides. This raises the question of whether heavily traveled roadsides in naturally nutrient-limited ecosystems should be considered as potential vegetation reserves, since intense maintenance would likely be needed to maintain a native community. Perhaps these areas are best landscaped with species unlikely to move along the highway corridors, whether native or not. The results of this research will advance ecological understanding in several ways. I will elucidate the suite of plant traits that allow effective dispersal in fragmented landscapes with well-defined corridors, clarifying whether these corridors favor plants with particular traits, rather than native or non-native species. This study will increase understanding of the connection between urban and extra-urban environments and will have important implications for conservation planning in both types of environments. Finally, this research specifically incorporates humans into ecological theory, including human management and urban development as an integral and natural part of the ecosystem under study. The project results will also be useful to highway and road managers, particularly in arid areas. The results will illuminate potential management techniques that will enhance or prevent plant migration along transportation corridors, as well as providing information on how management of transportation verges for objectives other than plant dispersal is likely to affect plant community composition.

Cardinal Reginald Pole served as a papal legate for almost twenty years. He was a leading figure in the Catholic Reform movement, and a prominent political figure both in England and in Europe in his own right. Despite the survival of an unusually vast correspondence and his large literary oeuvre, Pole has remained an elusive figure, often disparaged; his achievements often dismissed; his stature as a leading figure of the century often diminished. How it was that by the middle of the sixteenth century Pole, a lone Englishman, was so pre-eminent in the religious affairs of Europe, especially as he had achieved this prominence in the teeth of the unrelenting hostility of his king and kinsman Henry VIII, who once had been his patron and greatest champion? Pole’s career is also an exemplar of how ignoble dynastic self-interests hampered the noble ambitions of genuine ecclesiastical reformers on both sides of the confessional divide at almost every turn in these early years of the Reformation. This article argues that Pole’s return to England in 1554 as legate a latere has often overshadowed consideration of the other elements of his service, both as a reforming cardinal-deacon, and as a legate a latere in other capacities. While these previous experiences shaped the character of his final legation in England, they also shaped the “Roman” character of the “Catholicism” that was to emerge in the second half of the sixteenth century.

Abstract Given a topological property (or a class) P , the class P ′ consists of spaces X such that for any neighbourhood assignment ϕ on X , there exists a subspace Y ⊂ X with property P for which ϕ (Y) = ⋃ { ϕ (y) : y ∈ Y } is dense in X. The class P ′ are called the weak dual of P or weakly dually P (with respect to neighbourhood assignments). We establish that DCCC is weakly self-dual in the class of weakly regular spaces. If P ∈ { weakly Lindelöf , CCC , separable } , then P is weakly self-dual in the class of Baire developable spaces. By using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we also prove that: (1) If X is a Baire, weakly dually CCC Hausdorff space with a rank 2-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω ; (2) If X is a Baire, weakly dually DCCC Hausdorff space with a rank 3-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω ; (3) If X is a weakly dually DCCC Hausdorff space with a rank 4-diagonal, then X has cardinality at most 2 ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Whenever P is a topological property, we say that a topological space X is star P if whenever U is an open cover of X , there is a subspace Y ⊂ X with property P such that St (Y , U) = X. We study the relationships of star P properties for P ∈ { DCCC , weakly Lindelöf , CCC } with other chain conditions. By using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we also establish several cardinal inequalities for star CCC spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we make some observations on chain conditions and dually properties. In particular, we show that: (1) A subspace X ⊂ ω 1 ω is dually CCC then e (X) ≤ ω and a normal subspace X ⊂ ω 1 ω is DCCC if and only if e (X) ≤ ω ; (2) There is a Tychonoff pseudocompact subspace X ⊂ (ω 1 + 1) 2 which is not dually CCC; (3) In the class of o-semimetrizable spaces, dually separable is self-dual with respect to neighbourhood assignments. As an application, we obtain an example of a CCC normal Moore space which is not dually separable under MA+¬CH; (4) There exists an example of a large normal CCC semi-stratifiable space, which answers a question of Xuan and Song (2018) [21, Question 4.11] ; (5) Every dually separable and monotonically monolithic space is Lindelöf, which gives a partial answer to a question of Alas, Junqueira, van Mill, Tkachuk and Wilson (2011) [2, Question 2.1] ; (6) A dually separable Hausdorff space with a strong rank 1-diagonal has cardinality at most 2 c. The conclusion is also true for regular spaces if we replace "strong rank 1-diagonal" with " G δ -diagonal"; (7) A dually separable ω -monolithic Hausdorff space with a G δ -diagonal has cardinality at most c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ommochrome is the major source for eye coloration of all insect species so far examined. Phenoxazinone synthetase (PHS) has always been regarded as the terminal step enzyme for ommochrome formation, which is encoded by cardinal or karmoisin genes. Our previous study indicated that the karmoisin ortholog gene (Nl‐karmoisin) product in the brown planthopper (BPH) was a monocarboxylate transporter, while not a PHS. Here, based on full‐length complementary DNA, the cardinal ortholog gene in BPH (Nl‐cardinal) product was predicted to be a haem peroxidase rather than a PHS. We suggest for the first time that neither karmoisin nor cardinal encodes the PHS, but whether PHS participates in BPH eye pigmentation needs further research. Nymphal RNA interference (RNAi) experiments showed that knockdown Nl‐cardinal transcript led the BPH ocelli and compound eye to color change from brown to red, while knockdown Nl‐karmoisin only made the ocelli present the red phenotype. Notably, not only the Nl‐cardinal transcript, dscd injection (Nl‐cardinal targeting double‐stranded DNA (dsRNA)) also significantly reduced the Nl‐karmoisin transcript by 33.7%, while dska (Nl‐karmoisin targeting dsRNA) injection did not significantly change the Nl‐cardinal transcript. Considering the above RNAi and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results, we propose that Nl‐cardinal plays a more important role in ommochrome synthesis than Nl‐karmoisin, and it may be an upstream gene of Nl‐karmoisin. The present study suggested that both karmoisin and cardinal ortholog genes play a role in ommochrome synthesis in a hemimetabolous insect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The class of cellular-Lindelöf spaces was introduced and studied by A. Bella and S. Spadaro (2017) [4]. We say that a topological space X is cellular-Lindelöf if for every family U of pairwise disjoint non-empty open sets of X there is a Lindelöf subspace L ⊂ X such that U ∩ L ≠ ∅ , for every U ∈ U. In this paper, we first study topological properties of cellular-Lindelöf spaces, and the relations between cellular-Lindelöf spaces and related spaces. In particular, we obtain a Tychonoff example of a weakly Lindelöf space which is not cellular-Lindelöf, which gives a positive answer to a question of A. Bella and S. Spadaro ([4, Question 2]). We also prove that every monotonically normal W -space is cellular-Lindelöf if and only if it is Lindelöf. Finally, by using Erdös–Radó's theorem, we establish some cardinal inequalities for cellular-Lindelöf spaces. Some new questions are also posed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Basándose en la indistinguibilidad de las partículas idénticas, French y Krause han propuesto la existencia de una nueva clase de predicados: los 'Sortales Cuánticos'. El peculiar comportamiento de semejantes predicados consiste en que, además de establecer un criterio de aplicación, fijan un criterio de (cuasi) cardinalidad que no precisa la individualidad de los ítems que caen en su extensión. Tales ítems no-individuales son llamados m-átomos y su falta de individualidad se traduce formalmente en la regla sintáctica: ‘x=x’ no es una fórmula bien formada (siendo x una variable de m-átomos). El problema evidente en el planteo de French y Krause es que las definiciones usuales de cardinal presuponen la noción de identidad, de modo que, para hablar de cuántos no-individuos hay en la extensión de un sortal cuántico, es necesario desarrollar una noción de cardinalidad diferente de la utilizada en la teoría de conjuntos clásica (y en el sentido común). En este trabajo intentaré argumentar que esta tarea enfrenta dos problemas: 1) que las propuestas que se apartan de la noción clásica de cardinal no permiten responder a la pregunta ‘¿Cuántos?’ en ningún sentido inteligible; y 2) aun suponiendo que lo anterior no sea un problema (porque en contextos cuánticos se suelen decir cosas que nadie entiende con bastante impunidad) las definiciones de cardinal aplicables a sortales no logran independizarse de la identidad. A partir de lo anterior, sugeriré, como conclusión, que la peculiaridad de los sortales cuánticos se debe a la individualidad primitiva de los objetos cuánticos.