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V času zadnje velike finančne krize so se v državah članicah Evropske Unije precej zvišali javni dolgovi. Glavne polemike se odvijajo na temo, kako zaustaviti oziroma znižati višine javnih dolgov in se rešiti iz finančne krize. Države so uvedle strogo varčevanje, sprejeta je bila Pogodba o stabilnosti, usklajevanju in upravljanju v gospodarski in denarni uniji, ki prinaša zlato fiskalno pravilo. To pomeni, da bo potrebno prilagoditi nacionalne zakonodaje in v njih vnesti zavoro zadolževanja oz. omejitev javnega dolga. Ukrepi so strogi in razburjajo javnost, brezposelnost se veča in krči se ekonomska in socialna varnost državljanov. Kakšna bo cena, da se izkopljemo iz finančne krize in krenemo v okrepljeno in trajno gospodarsko rast, bo pokazal čas. Nekaterim državam bo uspelo prej kot drugim, a slej ko prej bo uspelo vsaki državi članici Evropske Unije, tudi z medsebojno pomočjo. During the last major financial crisis, national debt within the European Union has sharply increased. Topic of sharp polemic is a question how to halt or reduce the amount of national debt and to recover from the financial crisis. Countries have adopted strict austerity measures they adopted the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, which introduces the golden fiscal rule. It means that national legislations will have to be adjusted and countries will have to restrict public borrowing and national debt. The measures are stringent and therefore upsetting for public, unemployment is increasing while citizens' economic and social security is decreasing. Only the time can tell what it will cost to get out of financial crisis and to enter a stronger and sustained economic growth. Some countries will succeed sooner than others, but sooner or later every EU country will succeed, also with help of mutual assistance.

Diplomsko delo v prvih poglavjih predstavlja vzroke in posledice dveh največjih gospodarskih kriz v zgodovini modernega sveta t.j. krizo leta 1929 in trenutno gospodarsko krizo iz leta 2007. Zaradi preobsežnega dajanja kreditov, kreditno nesposobnim posojilojemalcem, se je trenutna kriza razvila v najhujšo krizo po letu 1929. Začela se je kot hipotekarna kriza v ZDA, se kmalu razširila na finančne sektorje in prizadela gospodarstva po vsem svetu. Nadalje so predstavljeni ukrepi, za blažitev posledic, ki so jih sprejele države. Ukrepi se razlikujejo zaradi političnih, gospodarskih in kulturnih razlik, kljub temu pa so se države zgledovale po ukrepih, ki so se izkazali za uspešne. V Evropski uniji so se kmalu pojavile težnje po skupnem reševanju posledic krize, saj bi članice z usklajenim ukrepanjem hitreje prebrodile recesijo. Nekatere države spretno kljubujejo pastem gospodarske in finančne krize, v Sloveniji pa so učinki sprejetih ukrepov za enkrat še minimalni. Škoda je velika, ampak se bo stanje s primernimi ukrepi postopoma spet izboljšalo. Nekaterim bo uspelo prej, drugim kasneje. A posledice se bodo čutile še vrsto let. In the first chapters of the diploma work we present the causes and consequences of two major economic crises in the history of the modern world the crisis in 1929 and the current economic crisis. Because of too much credit inability, the current crisis developed into its worst crisis since 1929. It started as a mortgage crisis in the U.S., but it soon spread to the financial sectors, and affected the economy across the globe. The secound part of the diploma work, sets out the measures to mitigate the effects, which were accepted in the world economys. The measures are different because of the political, economic and cultural differences, but the country can draw on measures that have proven successful. The European Union members, soon encountered a common tendency to resolve the crisis. Some countries deftly defy the pitfalls of economic and financial crisis, but in Slovenia, the effects of the measures are minimal. The damage is considerable, but the countrys will take appropriate steps to gradually improve again. Some will succeed sooner, others later. But the consequences will be felt for many years.

Konsolidacija javnih financ predstavlja trenutno najbolj pereč problem reševanja posledic krize iz l. 2008. Instrumenti za reševanje gospodarstva so večinoma že vsi podali rezultate javne finance pa so poglavje urejanja sedaj, leto po krizi, ko so ukrepi, namenjeni gospodarstvu, že vpeljani. Pri konsolidaciji javnih financ gre za izvajanje ukrepov, s katerimi se ureja stanje javnih financ države. To pomeni, da organi reševanja krize izberejo po skrbnih preučitvah najboljše instrumente, kateri bodo zmanjšali dovoljeni javnofinančni primanjkljaj na 3% BDP-ja ali manj, hkrati pa je namen ukrepov zmanjšanje kopičenja dolga. Države sprejemajo ukrepe glede na razmere v svojem lastnem okolju ter napram svojim lastnim zmožnostim. Seveda pa državam pomagajo tudi velike svetovne institucije s priporočili in nasveti svojih strokovnjakov. Nekateri so strogo obvezni in njihovo neupoštevanje ima določene sankcije, spet drugi pa so le napotek poznavalcev. Države spretno kljubujejo pastem gospodarske in finančne krize. Škoda je velika, ampak se bo stanje s primernimi ukrepi postopoma spet izboljšalo. Nekaterim bo uspelo prej, drugim kasneje. A posledice se bodo čutile še vrsto let. Public finance consolidation is currently the most pressing issue when dealing with the 2008 crisis. Results from instruments aimed at saving the economy are already visible and now, a year after the crisis, the main focus is on regulating public finance. Public finance consolidation involves implementing measures to improve the financial condition of the state. Authorities responsible for solving the crisis carefully analyse the situation and choose the best instruments for reducing the allowed public deficit to at least 3% of GDP , and at the same time minimising debt accumulation. Each country takes measures according to its own circumstances and capacities. Of course, global institutions assist these countries with expert recommendations and advice. Some of these recommendations are binding and non-compliance is sanctioned, whereas others are merely guidelines from experts. Countries are successfully avoiding the traps of the economic and financial crisis – the damage is significant, but can be gradually improved with appropriate measures. Some countries will succeed sooner than others. The consequences, however, will be visible for many years.