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Abstract Background Controversy surrounding Family Presence during Resuscitation (FPDR) continues internationally. The attitudes of medical professionals toward FPDR are particularly important for its clinical implementation. Currently, there is a lack of validated tools to evaluate medical professionals’ perceptions of FPDR in China. The study aimed to: (1) Cross-culturally adapt and validate the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale (FPR-BS) and the Self-Confidence Scale (FPS-CS) for use in China; and (2) investigate the nurses’ perceptions of FPDR and explore the relationships between the nurses’ perceptual variables and demographic variables. Methods The English version of the FPR-BS and FPS-CS underwent a rigorous process of translation, back-translation, proofreading, and cultural adaptation to create the Chinese versions. In the first stage, a sample of 200 nurses were recruited to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scales. In the second stage, a larger cohort 519 nurses were invited to assess their perceptions of FPDR and the relationships between these perceptual variables and demographic variables. Results Exploratory factorial analysis identified a single dimension for both the FPR-BS and FPS-CS, explaining 43.84% and 48.43% of the variance, respectively. The Scale-level content validity index (S-CVI) of the FPR-BS and the FPS-CS was 0.98 and 0.97, respectively. Reliability assessments yielded Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.933 for the FPR-BS and 0.930 for the FPS-CS. The split-half reliability coefficients were 0.832 for the FPR-BS and 0.835 for the FPS-CS, while the retest reliability coefficients were 0.742 and 0.927, respectively. The average scores obtained were 2.76 (SD = 0.52) for the FPR-BS and 3.43 (SD = 0.58) for the FPS-CS. Statistical analyses revealed that factors such as patient type, family members’ prior experience with resuscitation, and the number of times nurses invited family members during resuscitation significantly influenced perceptions of the benefits and risks associated with FPDR (P

Abstract The role of the compromised immune microenvironment, including immune checkpoints, in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been identified as critical This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of immune checkpoints, particularly soluble PD-1/PD-L1 (sPD-1/sPD-L1) as well as PD-1 on effector T cell subsets, and assess their prognostic value and potential regulatory roles in MDS. 161 MDS patients were enrolled, including 129 patients were primarily diagnosed with de novo MDS, together with 59 MDS patients who underwent hypomethylating agents (HMAs) therapy. Plasma sPD-L1 level was elevated in newly diagnosed MDS patients, which was also found to be associated with MDS disease progression that further increase in higher IPSS-R score group. Patients with increased sPD-L1 expression at diagnosis exhibited notably poorer overall survival, and multivariate Cox analysis indicated that elevated sPD-L1 was an independent risk factor. Furthermore, the levels of multiple cytokines and membrane-bound PD-1 on T cells were found to correlate with sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels in plasma. Importantly, we also found sPD-L1 levels significantly increased in MDS patients who showed progression of disease following HMAs therapy. In conclusion, we found elevated plasma sPD-L1 levels in MDS patients are associated with disease progression and poorer overall survival. This study showed that sPD-L1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis and a target for immunotherapy in MDS.

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by significant alterations in coagulation function. This study aims to analyze the correlation between coagulation function, platelet parameters, and pregnancy outcomes in PE patients. Clinical data, along with blood and urine samples, were collected from 168 PE patients and 128 healthy pregnant women. General demographic and laboratory testing data were recorded, and maternal and fetal outcomes were followed up. Data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and logistic regression analyses. In mild PE patients, thrombin time (p = .000), platelet distribution width (PDW) (p = .000), and clot formation time (p = .000) were increased, while prothrombin time (p = .000) and fibrinogen (p = .045) were reduced. With increasing PE severity, prothrombin time (p = .000), platelet count (PLT) (p = .000), mean platelet volume (MPV) (p = .000), plateletcrit (p = .000), maximum amplitude (MA) (p = .000), and coagulation index (p = .001) decreased, whereas activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (p = .000), thrombin time (p = .002), D‐dimer (p = .026), and PDW (p = .000) increased. Lower prothrombin time (p = .048), PLT (p = .004), and coagulation index (p = .026) or higher APTT (p = .032), thrombin time (p = .044), D‐dimer (p = .023), and PDW (p = .016) were associated with a higher risk of poor pregnancy outcomes. Thrombin time was identified as an independent risk factor (p = .025, OR = 2.918, 95% CI: 1.145–7.436), whereas gestational age was an independent protective factor (p = .000, OR = 0.244, 95% CI: 0.151–0.395). This study demonstrates that specific coagulation and platelet parameters are significantly associated with PE severity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring coagulation function in PE patients to improve clinical management and outcomes.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive liver cancer with limited therapeutic options. Precise classification and immunotherapy are perspectives to improve the treatments. We reported the role of septin 9 in apico‐basal polarity and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we aim to elucidate its role in iCCA. We analyzed single‐cell transcriptomes from human iCCA tumor cells based on phenotype and cell state. Knockdown of the septin 9 gene (SEPT9) was done using small interfering RNA (siRNA); interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) stimulation was performed using different CCA cells; gene expressions were analyzed by reverse transcription and real‐time PCR analysis (RT‐qPCR); and immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry were performed to assess the expression of proteins. The differential distributions of SEPT9 and vimentin (VIM) gene expressions allowed us to define specific cellular trajectories of malignant cells and thus identified distinct clusters of iCCA cells. One cluster was enriched in VIM and extracellular‐matrix (ECM) remodeling molecules, and another had high expression of SEPT9 and genes from the ‘don't eat me’ signal involved in immune escape. This antagonism between SEPT9 and VIM was confirmed by in vitro experiments. Notably, SEPT9 and ‘don't eat me’ gene expressions were inversely correlated to those of vimentin and the EMT markers. SEPT9 expression was upregulated by IFN‐γ and SEPT9 knockdown decreased expression of ‘don't eat me’ signal genes and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) transcriptome database analyses confirmed that iCCA cells enriched in septin 9 exhibit epithelial‐like features. This study revealed septin 9 as a cytoskeleton element of iCCA epithelial‐like cells and a regulator of the immune system response. It also brings new insights into the enigmatic relationship between EMT and immune response. Notably, we decoded a potential mechanism that could sensitize patients to immunotherapies.

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that insulin resistance (IR) is an autonomous risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the association between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a novel indicator of IR, and incident CVD and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without diabetes remains uncertain. Methods The study included 19,906 participants from the UK Biobank who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Abstract Background Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as a significant health concern that deserves attention. This study aimed to examine the associations between prolonged sedentary behavior and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality as well as to explore desirable alternatives to sitting in terms of physical activity (PA). Methods Two prospective cohort investigations were conducted using the UK Biobank and NHANES datasets, with a total of 490,659 and 33,534 participants, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between SB and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases, and digestive diseases. In addition, we employed isotemporal substitution models to examine the protective effect of replacing sitting with various forms of PA. Results During the average follow-up times of 13.5 and 6.7 years, 36,109 and 3057 deaths were documented in the UK Biobank and NHANES, respectively. Both cohorts demonstrated that, compared with individuals sitting less than 5 h per day, individuals with longer periods of sitting had higher risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality due to cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases but not digestive diseases. Moreover, replacing SB per day with PA, even substituting 30 min of walking for pleasure, reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 3.5% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.965, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.954–0.977), whereas cause-specific mortality from cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases was reduced by 1.6% (HR 0.984, 95% CI 0.968–1.000), 4.4% (HR 0.956, 95% CI 0.930–0.982), and 15.5% (HR 0.845, 95% CI 0.795–0.899), respectively. Furthermore, the protective effects of substitution became more pronounced as the intensity of exercise increased or the alternative duration was extended to 1 h. Conclusions SB was significantly correlated with substantially increased risks of all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality from cancer, CVD, and respiratory diseases. However, substituting sitting with various forms of PA, even for short periods involving relatively light and relaxing physical activity, effectively reduced the risk of both overall and cause-specific mortality. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACT: Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. Conventional rapid assays for detecting Salmonella in real samples often encounter severe matrix interference or detect a limited number of species of a genus, resulting in inaccurate detection. In this study, we developed a method that combined phage-based magnetic capture with real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for the rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of Salmonella in milk with an ultra-low detection limit. The Felix O-1 phage-conjugated magnetic beads (O-1 pMBs) synthesized in this method showed excellent capture ability for Salmonella spp. and ideal specificity for non-Salmonella strains. After O-1 pMBs-based magnetic separation, the limit of detection of the real-time RPA assay was 50 cfu/mL in milk samples, which was significantly increased by a magnitude of 3 to 4 orders. The method exhibited a high sensitivity (compatibility) of 100% (14/14) for all tested Salmonella serotype strains and an ideal specificity (exclusivity) of 100% (7/7) for the tested non-Salmonella strains. The entire detection process, including Salmonella capture, DNA extraction, and real-time RPA detection, was completed within 1.5 h. Furthermore, milk samples spiked with 10 cfu/25 mL of Salmonella were detected positive after being cultured in buffered peptone water for only 3 h. Therefore, the proposed method could be an alternative for the rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella.

In response to the inability of centrifugation to accurately detect the residue content of seawater-based on-line mixing polymer fracturing fluid, a vacuum filtration method was proposed. According to the separation range of broken particle size of guanidine gum system fracturing fluid in centrifugation, the filter paper with appropriate pore size was determined. Meanwhile, the effects of filter sample volumes, distilled water cleaning and petroleum ether cleaning on the assay data were also investigated to determine the optimal operating conditions. The results indicated that the detection data with good parallelism and high accuracy could be obtained by using a filter paper with the pore size of 38-45 μm, 100 mL of filter sample, 75 mL of distilled water, and 100 mL of petroleum ether. The residue content was measured as 188 mg/L, and the residue yield was 98.2%. In addition, this method was still applicable to the test of residue content in polymer fracturing fluid 1510 and 7130.

Introduction: The early diagnosis of kidney injury in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is important to prevent the long-term damaging effects of kidney loss and is decisive for patient outcomes. While SIRT2 is implicated in diabetes pathogenesis, its correlation with diabetic nephropathy remains unexplored. This study was designed to evaluate the association of urine SIRT2 levels with diabetic kidney injury, as well as potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: In T2DM patients, db/db mice, and high glucose plus palmitic acid treated HK2 cell models, ELISA, Immunoturbidimetry, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to detect SIRT2 levels and kidney damage. According to urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), 163 T2DM patients were divided into three groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between urinary sirtuin2/creatinine ratio (USCR) and biomarkers of kidney injury. The influencing factors of albuminuria in T2DM patients were analyzed by logistic regression model. Results: In our findings, the Macro group exhibited the highest USCR levels as UACR increased. There was a positive association between USCR and UACR, α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio (UαCR), β2-microglobulin/creatinine ratio (UβCR), and retinol-binding protein/creatinine ratio (URCR), with a negative correlation observed with eGFR. Logistic ordered multiclassification regression analysis, adjusting for confounding variables, confirmed that USCR remained a significant risk factor for the severity of albuminuria in T2DM patients. In the db/db mice kidney SIRT2 protein level increased significantly. Increased SIRT2 protein levels were also observed in renal tubular epithelial cells treated with high glucose plus palmitic acid. Moreover, SIRT2 promotes the expression of proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 by modulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and p-JNK in renal tubular cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid. Conclusion: Urinary SIRT2 is closely related to eGFR, renal tubule injury, and urinary albumin excretion in T2DM patients, which is expected to be an important indicator to comprehensively reflect renal injury.

Abstract Background Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an intermediate phenotype of hypertension and is a predictor of long-term cardiovascular events and death. However, the genetic structures of SSBP are uncertain, and it is difficult to precisely diagnose SSBP in population. So, we aimed to identify genes related to susceptibility to the SSBP, construct a risk evaluation model, and explore the potential functions of these genes. Methods and results A genome-wide association study of the systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity (EpiSS) cohort was performed to obtain summary statistics for SSBP. Then, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of 12 tissues using FUSION software to predict the genes associated with SSBP and verified the genes with an mRNA microarray. The potential roles of the genes were explored. Risk evaluation models of SSBP were constructed based on the serial P value thresholds of polygenetic risk scores (PRSs), polygenic transcriptome risk scores (PTRSs) and their combinations of the identified genes and genetic variants from the TWAS. The TWAS revealed that 2605 genes were significantly associated with SSBP. Among these genes, 69 were differentially expressed according to the microarray analysis. The functional analysis showed that the genes identified in the TWAS were enriched in metabolic process pathways. The PRSs were correlated with PTRSs in the heart atrial appendage, adrenal gland, EBV-transformed lymphocytes, pituitary, artery coronary, artery tibial and whole blood. Multiple logistic regression models revealed that a PRS of P

Abstract Aim To assess the efficacy of positional therapy and oral appliance therapy for the management of positional obstructive sleep apnea. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and SCOPUS for relevant clinical trials. Quality assessment of the included trials was evaluated according to Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. We included the following outcomes: The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), AHI non-supine, AHI supine, sleep efficiency, percentage of supine sleep, Adherence (≥ 4 h/night, ≥ 5 days/week), Oxygen desaturation Index, Arousal Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (ESS), Mean SpO2, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire. Results The AHI non-supine and the ESS scores were significantly lower in the OAT cohort than in the PT cohort. The PT cohort was associated with a significantly decreased percentage of supine sleep than the OAT cohort (MD= -26.07 [-33.15, -19.00], P = 0.0001). There was no significant variation between PT cohort and OAT cohort regarding total AHI, AHI supine, ODI, sleep efficiency, arousal index, FOSQ, adherence, and mean SpO2. Conclusion Both Positional Therapy and Oral Appliance Therapy effectively addressed Obstructive Sleep Apnea. However, Oral Appliance Therapy exhibited higher efficiency, leading to increased supine sleep percentage and more significant reductions in the Apnea Hypopnea Index during non-supine positions, as well as lower scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.

This research explores the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Chrysanthemum extract, emphasizing its application in antimicrobial treatments. The study primarily focused on assessing the effect of extract concentration on nanoparticle characteristics. The synthesized AgNPs, at higher Chrysanthemum extract concentrations (up to 15%), exhibited a notable decrease in size, from 48.5 nm at 2% to 22.1 nm, and an increase in yield, achieving 2.24 mg/mL. The AgNPs showed a significant antibacterial effect, with the lowest IC50 value of 2.08 µg/mL against Vibrio cholerae, demonstrating a broad-spectrum efficacy. Advanced characterization techniques like SEM and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the morphological integrity and phytochemical capping of the nanoparticles. The study successfully highlights the potential of Chrysanthemum extract not only as a sustainable source for nanoparticle synthesis but also in enhancing the biocompatibility and efficacy of AgNPs, paving the way for their application in medical and environmental fields.

BackgroundDexmedetomidine (DEX) and propofol are popular anesthetics, but it remains unknown whether DEX reduces the incidence of arrhythmias compared with propofol after cardiac surgery.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive search for RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) that compared the incidence of arrhythmias between DEX and propofol in adults who had undergone cardiac surgery across three databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library), and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 3, 2023. The primary outcome was ventricular arrhythmias, the secondary outcomes were bradycardia and atrial fibrillation (AF).ResultsOur analysis included 7 RCTs with 1,004 patients (mean age: 64.37, male: 71.11%) undergoing cardiac surgery, and the incidence of in-hospital arrhythmia was 22.01% (ventricular arrhythmias 2.75%, bradycardia 3.33%, AF 18.63%). Perioperative or postoperative use of DEX reduced the incidence of in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.14, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.03–0.66], but increased the risk of in-hospital bradycardia (OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.02–8.17) compared with propofol. The trial sequence analysis verified the adequacy of sample size and robustness of the ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardia. There was no significant reduced incidence of the use of DEX in the incidence of AF (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.36–1.29). The GRADE assessment indicated a high certainty for ventricular arrhythmias and bradycardia and a moderate certainty for AF.ConclusionsOur findings suggested the use of DEX reduces in-hospital ventricular arrhythmias but increases bradycardia incidence compared to propofol in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of dexmedetomidine on atrial fibrillation compared to propofol.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42023482193).

Abstract Introduction Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi’an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi’an, China Methods The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenes showed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis. Conclusions When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.

Abstract Background Sarco-osteoporosis is a skeletal muscle disease associated with aging and complex pathological factors. At present, there are few studies on the analysis of its related factors, and a nomogram to estimate the risk of sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly patients is not available. Methods A total of 386 patients admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to October 2022 were collected, and the general demographic data and clinical data of the patients were collected.386 subjects were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 7:3. In the training set, the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression technique was used to select the optimal predictive features, and multivariate logistic regression was used to screen the factors associated with sarco-osteoporosis, and a nomogram was constructed using meaningful variables from multivariate analysis. The performance of the nomograms was assessed and validated by Area Under Curve (AUC) and calibration curves. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristic of individuals in training set and validation set, six variables with non-zero coefficients were screened based on LASSO regression in the training set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the related factors for sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly inpatients included age (OR = 1.08, 95%CI 1.03 ∼ 1.14), regular exercise (OR = 0.29, 95%CI 0.15 ∼ 0.56), albumin (OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.82 ∼ 0.98), height (OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.88 ∼ 0.99) and lean mass index (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.52 ∼ 0.85), and a nomogram was constructed based on the above factors. AUC of nomogram were 0.868(95%CI 0.825 ∼ 0.912) in the training set and 0.737(95%CI 0.646 ∼ 0.828) in the validation set. Calibration curve analysis showed that the predicted probability of sarco-osteoporosis had high consistency with the actual probability, and the absolute error of the training set and verification set was 0.018 and 0.03, respectively. Conclusions Our research showed that the occurrence of sarco-osteoporosis was associated with age, regular exercise, albumin, height and lean mass index, and we have developed a nomogram that can be effectively used in the preliminary and in-depth risk prediction of sarco-osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly hospitalized patients.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a complex pathogenesis, and multiple studies have indicated that histone post-translational modifications, especially acetylation, play a significant role in it. With the development of mass spectrometry and proteomics, an increasing number of novel HPTMs, including lactoylation, crotonylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, and malonylation, have been identified. These novel HPTMs closely link substance metabolism to gene regulation, and an increasing number of relevant studies on the relationship between novel HPTMs and AD have become available. This review summarizes the current advances and implications of novel HPTMs in AD, providing insight into the deeper pathogenesis of AD and the development of novel drugs.

IntroductionCannabidiol (CBD) has a variety of pharmacological effects including antiepileptic, antispasmodic, anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory among other pharmacological effects. However, since CBD is a terpene-phenolic compound, its clinical application is limited by its poor water solubility, low stability, and low bioavailability.MethodsIn this study, we used several strategies to address the above problems. Hydrochloric acid was used to modify zein to improve the molecular flexibility. Flexible zein nanoparticles (FZP-CBD) loaded with CBD was prepared to improve the stability and bioavailability of CBD. The parameters were evaluated in terms of morphology, particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE%), loading capacity (LC%), and storage stability. Simulated gastrointestinal fluid release experiment and bioavailability assay were applied in the evaluation.ResultsThe simulated gastrointestinal fluid experiment showed that the release rates of FZP-CBD and natural zein nanoparticles (NZP-CBD) loaded with CBD were 3.57% and 89.88%, respectively, after digestion with gastric fluid for 2 h, 92.12% and 92.56%, respectively, after intestinal fluid digestion for 2 h. Compared with NZP-CBD, the Cmax of FZP-CBD at 3 different doses of CBD was increased by 1.7, 1.3 and 1.5 times respectively, and AUC0-t was increased by 1.4, 1.1 and 1.7 times respectively, bioavailability (F) was increased by 135.9%, 114.9%, 169.6% respectively.DiscussionThe experimental results showed that FZP-CBD could protect most of the CBD from being released in the stomach, and then control its release in the intestines, promote the absorption of CBD in the small intestine, and increase the bioavailability of CBD. Therefore, FZP-CBD could improve the utilization value of CBD and provide a new idea for the application of CBD in medicine and pharmacy.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes a prolonged inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by microglia. Microglial reactivity is exacerbated by stress, which often provokes sleep disturbances. We have previously shown that sleep fragmentation (SF) stress after experimental TBI increases microglial reactivity and impairs hippocampal function 30 days post-injury (DPI). The neuroimmune response is highly dynamic the first few weeks after TBI, which is also when injury induced sleep-wake deficits are detected. Therefore, we hypothesized that even a few weeks of TBI SF stress would synergize with injury induced sleep-wake deficits to promote neuroinflammation and impair outcome. Here, we investigated the effects of environmental SF in a lateral fluid percussion model of mouse TBI. Half of the mice were undisturbed, and half were exposed to 5 h of SF around the onset of the light cycle, daily, for 14 days. All mice were then undisturbed 15–30 DPI, providing a period for SF stress recovery (SF-R). Mice exposed to SF stress slept more than those in control housing 7–14 DPI and engaged in more total daily sleep bouts during the dark period. However, SF stress did not exacerbate post-TBI sleep deficits. Testing in the Morris water maze revealed sex dependent differences in spatial reference memory 9–14 DPI with males performing worse than females. Post-TBI SF stress suppressed neurogenesis-related gene expression and increased inflammatory signaling in the cortex at 14 DPI. No differences in sleep behavior were detected between groups during the SF stress recovery period 15–30 DPI. Microscopy revealed cortical and hippocampal IBA1 and CD68 percent-area increased in TBI SF-R mice 30 DPI. Additionally, neuroinflammatory gene expression was increased, and synaptogenesis-related gene expression was suppressed in TBI-SF mice 30 DPI. Finally, IPA canonical pathway analysis showed post-TBI SF impaired and delayed activation of synapse-related pathways between 14 and 30 DPI. These data show that transient SF stress after TBI impairs recovery and conveys long-lasting impacts on neuroimmune function independent of continuous sleep deficits. Together, these finding support that even limited exposure to post-TBI SF stress can have lasting impacts on cognitive recovery and regulation of the immune response to trauma.

To confront the challenges posed by air pollution and climate change, China has undertaken significant initiatives to develop strategies that address both issues concurrently. However, the health benefits of these initiatives have not been clearly articulated. In this study, the dynamic changes in health impacts under air pollution and carbon reduction actions in China are evaluated by employing the latest concentration–response models and projected PM2.5 concentrations under future scenarios. From 2020 to 2060, the enforcement of clean air and climate mitigation policies is expected to increase the percentage of the population living with PM2.5 concentrations meeting the 10 μg/m3 standard by 79 %. Without the implementation of relevant mitigation measures, PM2.5-associated deaths are projected to double due to an aging population. In comparison to the 2060 reference scenario, the joint implementation of clean air and carbon neutrality measures is expected to reduce nationwide PM2.5-associated mortality by 62 %, equivalent to 2.15 (95 % CI: 1.80–2.48) million deaths. Stringent pollution controls are crucial for reducing PM2.5-associated deaths before 2030, after which carbon neutrality actions become increasingly significant from 2030 to 2060. The challenges of mitigating future PM2.5-associated deaths vary greatly across regions, showing a critical response to pollution control and carbon reduction. The research proves the effectiveness of China's future air pollution control and carbon reduction policies in mitigating PM2.5-associated deaths.

Abstract Objective To compare the application of sequential embryo transfer, cleavage embryo transfer, and blastocyst transfer combined with intrauterine perfusion in frozen–thawed embryo transfer cycles in patients with recurrent implantation failure to provide a reference for reproductive clinicians. Methods The 166 patients who underwent frozen–thawed embryo transfer due to recurrent implantation failure in the reproductive center from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different embryos transferred, they were divided into cleavage embryo transfer groups (72 cases in Group A), blastocyst transfer group (29 cases in Group B), and sequential transfer group (65 cases in Group C). All three groups were treated with intrauterine perfusion 5 days before embryo transfer. The general data and clinical pregnancy outcome indicators, such as embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, live birth rate, twin rate, were compared among the three groups. Results The embryo implantation rate (53.1%), clinical pregnancy rate (76.9%), ongoing pregnancy rate (67.7%) and live birth rate(66.15%) in the sequential transfer group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant neoplasm that displays increased vascularization. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted glycoprotein that functions as a regulator of cell metabolism and angiogenesis and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the precise role of ANGPTL4 in the OC microenvironment, particularly its involvement in angiogenesis, has not been fully elucidated. Methods The expression of ANGPTL4 was confirmed by bioinformatics and IHC in OC. The potential molecular mechanism of ANGPTL4 was measured by RNA-sequence. We used a series of molecular biological experiments to measure the ANGPTL4-JAK2-STAT3 and ANGPTL4-ESM1 axis in OC progression, including MTT, EdU, wound healing, transwell, xenograft model, oil red O staining, chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and zebrafish model. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms were confirmed by Western blot, Co-IP and molecular docking. Results Our study demonstrates a significant upregulation of ANGPTL4 in OC specimens and its strong association with unfavorable prognosis. RNA-seq analysis affirms that ANGPTL4 facilitates OC development by driving JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway activation. The interaction between ANGPTL4 and ESM1 promotes ANGPTL4 binding to lipoprotein lipase (LPL), thereby resulting in reprogrammed lipid metabolism and the promotion of OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In the OC microenvironment, ESM1 may interfere with the binding of ANGPTL4 to integrin and vascular-endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad), which leads to stabilization of vascular integrity and ultimately promotes angiogenesis. Conclusion Our findings underscore that ANGPTL4 promotes OC development via JAK signaling and induces angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment through its interaction with ESM1.

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can affect the placental barrier function to varying degrees. However, current studies show that the transfer and distribution characteristics of trace elements in the maternal-fetal system are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of the placental barrier on the transfer of trace elements from mother to fetus and its relationship with HDCP and GDM. Methods A case-control method was used in this study. 140 pairs of samples were collected; 60 were from healthy pregnant women, and 80 were from patients with pregnancy complications. The contents of trace elements in paired samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SPSS software was used to analyze the differences in trace element levels in matched samples of each group. The correlations were analyzed based on Pearson’s correlation factor (r). Results The distribution characteristics of Fe content in the pathological group (HDCP group and GDM group) were the same as those in the normal group (umbilical cord blood > maternal blood > placenta), but there was no significant difference in the iron content in maternal blood and cord blood of pathological group. The distribution characteristics of Mn content in the pathological group (placenta > umbilical cord blood > maternal blood) were changed compared with those in the normal group (placenta > maternal blood > umbilical cord blood). In addition, the placental Cr content and cord blood Cr and Ni content of the pathological group were higher than those of the normal group. HDCP placental Cr and GDM placental Fe levels were significantly correlated with the Apgar score. Conclusions The transfer of Fe and Mn and the placental barrier function of Cr and Ni in the maternal-fetal system of HDCP and GDM are significantly altered, which directly or indirectly increases the maternal and fetal health risk.

ABSTRACTSimultaneous contamination of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in cereals are an ongoing global concern. For this reason, a sensitive method for the simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1 in soybean, corn, and rice is required. Herein, we prepared a bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) that specifically recognized OTA and AFB1, and subsequently developed a quantum dot nanobead (QB) lateral flow immunoassay (QB-LFIA) based on BsMAb. The half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for OTA and AFB1 detection were 0.73 and 0.01 µg/kg in soybean, 1.14 and 0.03 µg/kg in corn, and 1.69 and 0.07 µg/kg in rice, respectively. The average recoveries of OTA and AFB1 were 80.20–130.05% with coefficients of variation below 11%. The performance of the proposed method was compared with that of traditional LFIA, and higher sensitivity was observed. The BsMAb-based QB-LFIA was sensitive and specific for the simultaneous detection of OTA and AFB1 in cereals.

ObjectiveBody size is associated with the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the evidence for this association is inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between body size and SLE.MethodWe performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis that utilized summary statistics sourced from genome-wide association study (GWAS) data obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project website. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used to evaluate the causality, and four additional MR methods were used to supplement the IVW results. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger regression, leave-one-out analysis, and the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test.ResultsIn the forward direction analysis, the IVW model demonstrated that birth weight (odds ratio (OR), 1.811; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.174–2.793; p < 0.05) and adult height (OR, 1.225; 95% CI, 1.046–1.434; p < 0.05) were positively associated with SLE. Four additional MR scans were performed parallel to the IVW results. Conversely, SLE was a weak causal factor for increased height (OR, 1.010; 95% CI, 1.002–1.018; p < 0.05) using the IVW method. Heterogeneity, MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one-out analyses indicated that the results were robust. The MR-PRESSO suggested the presence of pleiotropy. Following the exclusion of instrumental variables (IVs) inducing pleiotropy, subsequent MR analysis yielded consistent results, thereby reinforcing the robustness of our findings.ConclusionPositive causal associations were observed between birth weight, adult height, and SLE incidence. In the reverse analysis, SLE was a weak causal factor for adult height.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of applying the online to offline teaching mode in the training of non-anesthesiology residents in department of anesthesiology.Trial designThe randomized controlled trial was performed on non-anesthesiology residents from Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.MethodsAll selected residents were randomly divided into the traditional teaching group (Group T) and the online to offline teaching group (Group O) by the random number table method. Traditional teaching mode was used in Group T, while the online to offline teaching mode was used in Group O. The training period lasted for two months. At the end of the training, theoretical and clinical skills were assessed for all residents, and students’ satisfaction scores on teaching were investigated from the aspects of teaching mode, stimulating learning interest, improving learning process and teaching satisfaction. The teaching efficiency was compared and analyzed in the two groups.ResultsIn total, 39 cases in Group O and 38 cases in Group T were included in the statistical analysis. Compared with Group T, theory test scores, clinical skills test scores, and overall scores improved significantly in Group O (82.2 ± 8.1 vs. 91.3 ± 7.6; 85.1 ± 4.7 vs. 93.3 ± 5.4 and 83.4 ± 6.4 vs. 92.1 ± 6.7, respectively, p

Background The presence of mental health conditions is pervasive in patients who experienced acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly disrupting their recovery. Providing timely and easily accessible psychological interventions using virtual reality-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (VR-CBT) could potentially improve both acute and long-term symptoms affecting their mental health.Aims We aim to examine the effectiveness of VR-CBT on anxiety symptoms in patients with AMI who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the acute stage of their illness.Methods In this single-blind randomised clinical trial, participants with anxiety symptoms who were admitted to the ICU due to AMI were continuously recruited from December 2022 to February 2023. Patients who were Han Chinese aged 18–75 years were randomly assigned (1:1) via block randomisation to either the VR-CBT group to receive VR-CBT in addition to standard mental health support, or the control group to receive standard mental health support only. VR-CBT consisted of four modules and was delivered at the bedside over a 1-week period. Assessments were done at baseline, immediately after treatment and at 3-month follow-up. The intention-to-treat analysis began in June 2023. The primary outcome measure was the changes in anxiety symptoms as assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).Results Among 148 randomised participants, 70 were assigned to the VR-CBT group and 78 to the control group. The 1-week VR-CBT intervention plus standard mental health support significantly reduced the anxiety symptoms compared with standard mental health support alone in terms of HAM-A scores at both post intervention (Cohen’s d=−1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.64 to −0.90, p

Abstract To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic pectopexy and laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension in women suffering from apical prolapse. The clinical data of 170 patients with apical prolapse (POP-Q score ≥ II) treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to July 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to assess the clinical efficacy of three surgical methods [laparoscopic pectopexy with uterine preservation, laparoscopic pectopexy with hysterectomy, laparoscopic high uterosacral ligament suspension (LHUSLS) with hysterectomy]. Patients were divided into three groups depending on Surgical methods: laparoscopic uterine pectopexy group (n = 23), laparoscopic pectopexy with hysterectomy group (n = 78) and LHUSLS with hysterectomy group (n = 69). The POP-Q points before and after operation were analyzed. The operation-related indices, perioperative periods and post-operative complications were compared. 1. The operation time of laparoscopic uterine pectopexy group was the shortest (p 0.05). 2. The POP-Q points (Aa, Ba, C) in the three groups were better than those before operation (p

Abstract Background Conventional approach to myocardial strain analysis relies on a software designed for the left ventricle (LV) which is complex and time-consuming and is not specific for right ventricular (RV) and left atrial (LA) assessment. This study compared this conventional manual approach to strain evaluation with a novel semi-automatic analysis of myocardial strain, which is also chamber-specific. Methods Two experienced observers used the AutoStrain software and manual QLab analysis to measure the LV, RV and LA strains in 152 healthy volunteers. Fifty cases were randomly selected for timing evaluation. Results No significant differences in LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) were observed between the two methods (-21.0% ± 2.5% vs. -20.8% ± 2.4%, p = 0.230). Conversely, RV longitudinal free wall strain (RVFWS) and LA longitudinal strain during the reservoir phase (LASr) measured by the semi-automatic software differed from the manual analysis (RVFWS: -26.4% ± 4.8% vs. -31.3% ± 5.8%, p

Abstract Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms and mediator molecules involved remain largely unknown. Copper, which plays an essential role in cardiovascular disease, has been suggested as a potential risk factor. Copper homeostasis is closely related to the occurrence and development of AS. Recently, a new cell death pathway called cuproptosis has been discovered, which is driven by intracellular copper excess. However, no previous studies have reported a relationship between cuproptosis and AS. In this study, we integrated bulk and single-cell sequencing data to screen and identify key cuproptosis-related genes in AS. We used correlation analysis, enrichment analysis, random forest, and other bioinformatics methods to reveal their relationships. Our findings report, for the first time, the involvement of cuproptosis-related genes FDX1, SLC31A1, and GLS in atherogenesis. FDX1 and SLC31A1 were upregulated, while GLS was downregulated in atherosclerotic plaque. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrate their potential diagnostic value for AS. Additionally, we confirm that GLS is mainly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, and SLC31A1 is mainly localized in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions in experiments. These findings shed light on the cuproptosis landscape and potential diagnostic biomarkers for AS, providing further evidence about the vital role of cuproptosis in atherosclerosis progression.

ABSTRACT: Melamine (MEL), enrofloxacin (ENR), sulfamethazine (SMZ), tetracycline (TC), and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are the main chemical contaminants in milk. It is necessary to detect these miscellaneous chemical contaminants in milk synchronously to ensure the safety of the milk. In this study, a multiple lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was developed for the detection of MEL, ENR, SMZ, TC, and AFM1 in milk. Under optimal experimental conditions, the cutoff values were 25 ng/mL for MEL, 1 ng/mL for ENR, 2.5 ng/mL for SMZ, 2.5 ng/mL for TC, and 0.25 ng/mL for AFM1 in milk samples. The limits of detection of LFIA were 0.173 ng/mL for MEL, 0.078 ng/mL for ENR, 0.059 ng/mL for SMZ, 0.082 ng/mL for TC, and 0.0064 ng/mL for AFM1. The recovery rates of LFIA in milk were 83.2–104.4% for MEL, 76.5–127.3% for ENR, 96.8–113.5% for SMZ, 107.1–166.6% for TC, and 93.5–130.3% for AFM1. The coefficients of variation were all less than 15%. As a whole, the developed multiple lateral flow immunoassay showed potential as a highly reliable and excellent tool for the rapid and sensitive screening of MEL, ENR, SMZ, TC, and AFM1 in milk.

Lymphangiogenesis, an integral contributor to lymphatic metastasis, is a significant reason for the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Anti-lymphangiogenesis treatment is a promising novel therapeutic direction, especially for tumors resistant to conventional therapies. We confirmed the ectopic expression of lymphangiogenesis-related genes (LRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cohorts based on the TCGA database. We constructed a prediction signature with 15 LRG prognostic signatures (F2RL1, LOXL2, MKI67, PTPRM, GPI, POSTN, INHA, LDHA, LINC00857, ITGA2, PECAM1, SOD3, GDF15, SIX1, and FGD5), and the overall survival (OS) was significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups (TCGA-training: p

Ovarian mature teratoma represents a benign ovarian tumor, while ovarian yolk sac tumor (YST, endodermal sinus tumor) is a rare malignant tumor predominantly affecting young women, often associated with a grim prognosis post-metastasis. Both ovarian mature teratoma and ovarian YST are germ cell tumors. There are few studies on the correlation between ovarian YST and mature teratoma. Recurrence or malignant transformation may occur following the surgical intervention for ovarian mature teratoma. However, the occurrence of YST subsequent to such procedures is notably rare. In this investigation, we reported a case involving a 24-year-old unmarried woman with both mature ovarian teratoma and YST within a brief 1-year interval. Regular reexamination protocols facilitated the early-stage detection of YST. The patient underwent surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and measures to preserve ovarian function, resulting in a favorable prognosis. Our primary purpose is to distill clinical insights from the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of this patient. Our purpose is to enhance medical professionals’ awareness that YST may be secondary to mature teratoma. Additionally, we underscore the critical importance of routine postoperative surveillance for ovarian mature teratoma, emphasizing its pivotal role in early malignant tumor detection—a factor paramount to the prognosis of patients.

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels and renal function impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods PCSK9 levels were measured in T2DM patients, streptozotocin plus high-fat diet (STZ + HFD) mice, human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells treated with high glucose plus palmitic acid (HGPA) and the corresponding control groups. The T2DM patients were further divided into three groups according to serum PCSK9 levels. An analysis of clinical data was conducted, and a binary logistic regression model was used to test the relationship between potential predictors and urine albumin/urine creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Results PCSK9 levels were higher in the DM group than in the control group in humans, mice and HK-2 cells. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG), and urine α1-MG/urine creatinine ratio (UαCR) values in PCSK9 tertile 3 were significantly higher than those in PCSK9 tertile 1 (p

Abstract Objective Capsular characteristics of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) has various forms. Patients without complete capsule has a higher risk of recurrence than patients with complete capsule. We aimed to develop and validate CT-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics models to make a differential diagnosis between parotid PA with and without complete capsule. Methods Data of 260 patients (166 patients with PA from institution 1 (training set) and 94 patients (test set) from institution 2) were retrospectively analyzed. Three Volume of interest (VOIs) were defined in the CT images of each patient: tumor volume of interest (VOItumor), VOIperitumor, and VOIintra-plus peritumor. Radiomics features were extracted from each VOI and used to train nine different machine learning algorithms. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Results The results showed that the radiomics models based on features from VOIintra-plus peritumor achieved higher AUCs compared to models based on features from VOItumor. The best performing model was Linear discriminant analysis, which achieved an AUC of 0.86 in the tenfold cross-validation and 0.869 in the test set. The model was based on 15 features, including shape-based features and texture features. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of combining artificial intelligence with CT-based peritumoral radiomics features can be used to accurately predict capsular characteristics of parotid PA. This may assist in clinical decision-making by preoperative identification of capsular characteristics of parotid PA.

Human motion capture (mocap) data is of crucial importance to the realistic character animation, and the missing optical marker problem caused by marker falling off or occlusions often limit its performance in real-world applications. Although great progress has been made in mocap data recovery, it is still a challenging task primarily due to the articulated complexity and long-term dependencies in movements. To tackle these concerns, this paper proposes an efficient mocap data recovery approach by using Relationship-aggregated Graph Network and Temporal Pattern Reasoning (RGN-TPR). The RGN is comprised of two tailored graph encoders, local graph encoder (LGE) and global graph encoder (GGE). By dividing the human skeletal structure into several parts, LGE encodes the high-level semantic node features and their semantic relationships in each local part, while the GGE aggregates the structural relationships between different parts for whole skeletal data representation. Further, TPR utilizes self-attention mechanism to exploit the intra-frame interactions, and employs temporal transformer to capture long-term dependencies, whereby the discriminative spatio-temporal features can be reasonably obtained for efficient motion recovery. Extensive experiments tested on public datasets qualitatively and quantitatively verify the superiorities of the proposed learning framework for mocap data recovery, and show its improved performance with the state-of-the-arts.

Previous studies have found that β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the main component of ketone bodies, is of physiological importance as a backup energy source during starvation or induces diabetic ketoacidosis when insulin deficiency occurs. Ketogenic diets (KD) have been used as metabolic therapy for over a hundred years, it is well known that ketone bodies and BHB not only serve as ancillary fuel substituting for glucose but also induce anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective features via binding to several target proteins, including histone deacetylase (HDAC), or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent advances in epigenetics, especially novel histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs), have continuously updated our understanding of BHB, which also acts as a signal transduction molecule and modification substrate to regulate a series of epigenetic phenomena, such as histone acetylation, histone β-hydroxybutyrylation, histone methylation, DNA methylation, and microRNAs. These epigenetic events alter the activity of genes without changing the DNA structure and further participate in the pathogenesis of related diseases. This review focuses on the metabolic process of BHB and BHB-mediated epigenetics in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and complications of diabetes, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancers, osteoporosis, liver and kidney injury, embryonic and fetal development, and intestinal homeostasis, and discusses potential molecular mechanisms, drug targets, and application prospects.

ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and influencing factors of helmet wearing among E-bike drivers and passengers in Shanghai for providing evidence to road traffic injury prevention. MethodsFrom October 2015 to April 2019, totally eight waves of observational survey were carried out at eight traffic intersections selected with stratified random sampling in Shanghai city. The number of E-bike drivers and passengers passing through the traffic intersections were counted and the frequency of helmet wearing among the passers was calculated. ResultsThe ratio of helmet wearing was 14.12% among the 84 232 E-bike drivers and only 1.99% among the 10 540 E-bike passengers observed during the surveys. The results of the bivariate probit model analysis show that the helmet wearing is 0.14 probability unit lower in the female drivers than that in the male drivers; the helmet wearing in the E-bike drivers carrying adult passengers is 0.28 probability unit higher than that in the drivers carrying minor passengers; and the E-bike drivers′ helmet wearing in winter season is 0.52 probability unit higher than in summer season (all P < 0.01). The helmet wearing in the female E-bike passengers is 0.14 probability unit lower than in the male passengers and the E-bike passengers′ helmet wearing in winter season is 0.37 probability unit higher than in summer season (both P < 0.001). Marginal effect analyses reveal that the probability of E-bike drivers′ helmet wearing in winter season is 14% higher than that in summer season and 13% higher when carrying adult passengers than that when carrying minor passengers (both P < 0.001); when carrying passengers not wearing helmet, the probability of helmet wearing in the female E-bike drivers is 2% lower than that in the male drivers; all the E-bike drivers′ helmet wearing when carrying adult passengers is 4% higher than that when carrying minor passengers and is 6% higher in winter season than in summer season (all P < 0.05). The probability of helmet wearing in E-bike passengers carried by drivers not wearing helmet in winter season is 1% higher than that in summer season (Z = 3.24，P < 0.001). ConclusionThe prevalence rate of helmet wearing among E-bike drivers and passengers in Shanghai is generally low and presents a seasonal fluctuation. The helmet wearing of E-bike drivers and passengers is lower in females that than that in the males and helmet wearing behavior of the drivers and passengers interact each other.

Injury surveillance is an important part of a comprehensive disease surveillance system to be established. To analyze the occurrence and changing trends of severe injuries related to different causes and to provide evidence for formulating injury prevention and control strategies and evaluating the effects of intervention measures, a hospital electronic health record (EHR)-based injury surveillance system was constructed and applied in Shanghai. Under the development of the EHR-based surveillance system, the definition of injury cases to be reported, contents, data standards and the function and standard document of the system were formulated. The system greatly improved the quality and efficiency of injury registration by data sharing between hospital information system (HIS) and HER and between centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) at district level and Shanghai municipal CDC, and promoted the issue of the Regulation for Shanghai Municipal Inpatient Department-based Injury Registration and Reporting.

Abstract The Nod‐like receptor (NLR) family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) has been reported as an activator of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I that is responsible for immune activity in cancer treatment. This work focuses on the role of BMI1 proto‐oncogene (BMI1) in the NLRC5‐HLA class I axis and in immune escape in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). First, immunoblot analysis and/or reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed, which identified decreased NLRC5 and HLA class I levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. NSCLCs were co‐cultured with activated CD8+ T cells. Overexpression of NLRC5 in NSCLC cells elevated the expression of HLA class I and increased the activity of T cells and IL‐2 production, and it reduced the PD‐1/PD‐L1 levels. The ubiquitination and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that BMI1 bound to NLRC5 to induce is ubiquitination and protein degradation. Downregulation of BMI1 in NSCLC cells elevated NLRC5 and HLA class I levels, and consequently promoted T cell activation and decreased PD‐1/PD‐L1 levels in the co‐culture system. However, overexpression of BMI1 in cells led to inverse trends. In summary, this study demonstrates that BMI1 induces ubiquitination and protein degradation of NLRC5 and suppresses HLA class I expression, which potentially helps immune escape in NSCLC.

A bispecific monoclonal antibody (BsMAb) that can simultaneously recognize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and amantadine (AMD) was prepared. Quantum dot nanobead immunochromatographic assay (QB-ICA) based on the BsMAb was developed for the simultaneous detection of AFB1 and AMD in four feed samples (suckling pig feed, piglet feed, sow feed, and compound feed for laying ducks). Under optimal experimental conditions, the LOD values of QB-ICA for AFB1 in four feed samples were 0.188, 0.221, 0.233, and 0.306 μg/kg, respectively. The LOD values of QB-ICA for AMD in the same feed samples were 0.125, 0.187, 0.076, and 0.191 μg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates of QB-ICA for AFB1 and AMD ranged from 91.55% to 150.87% and from 91.62% to 138.42%, respectively. The variation coefficients were all less than 15%. The proposed QB-ICA had high reliability and specificity for the simultaneous detection of AFB1 and AMD, providing a platform for simultaneous detection of hazardous substances.

Chrysanthemum wilt is a plant disease that exerts a substantial influence on the cultivation of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) for tea and beverage production. The rhizosphere microbial population exhibits a direct correlation with the overall health of plants. Therefore, studying the rhizosphere microbial community of Chrysanthemum zawadskii (Herb.) Tzvel. is of great significance for finding methods to control this disease. This study obtained rhizosphere soil samples from both diseased and healthy plant individuals and utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze their microbial composition. The results showed that the rhizosphere microbial diversity decreased significantly, and the microbial community structure changed significantly. In the affected soil, the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as rhizospora and Phytophthora was greatly increased, while the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as antagonistic fungi and actinomyces was greatly decreased. In addition, this study also found that soil environmental variables have an important impact on plant resistance; the environmental factors mainly include soil properties, content of major microorganisms, and resistance characteristics of samples. Redundancy analysis showed that the drug-resistant population had a greater impact on the 10 species with the highest abundance, and the environmental factors were more closely related to the sensitive population. In the fungal community, the resistant sample group was more sensitive to the influence of environmental factors and high-abundance fungi. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving microbial community structure by optimizing fertilization structure, thus affecting the distribution of bacteria and fungi, and thus improving the disease resistance of chrysanthemum. In addition, by regulating and optimizing microbial community structure, new ideas and methods can be provided for the prevention and control of chrysanthemum wilt disease.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC has significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of universal HBV vaccination programs. The first hepatitis B vaccine approved was developed by purifying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led to the development of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for HBV infection, continuous research is essential to develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic hepatitis B vaccination has been important in the prevention of hepatitis B because it has effectively produced protective immunity against hepatitis B viral infection. Prophylactic vaccines only need to provoke neutralizing antibodies directed against the HBV envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic vaccines are most likely needed to induce a comprehensive T cell response and thus, should include other HBV antigens, such as HBV core and polymerase. The existing vaccines have proven to be highly effective in preventing HBV infection, but ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy, duration of protection, and accessibility. The routine administration of the HBV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated worldwide. The purpose of this type of immunization is to trigger an immunological response in the host, which will halt HBV replication. The clinical efficacy and safety of the HBV vaccine are affected by a number of immunological and clinical factors. However, this success is now in jeopardy due to the breakthrough infections caused by HBV variants with mutations in the S gene, high viral loads, and virus-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we describe various types of available HBV vaccines, along with the recent progress in the ongoing battle to develop new vaccines against HBV.

Pullulan, which is a microbial exopolysaccharide, has found widespread applications in foods, biomedicines, and cosmetics. Despite its versatility, most wild-type strains tend to yield low levels of pullulan production, and their mutants present genetic instability, achieving a limited increase in pullulan production. Therefore, mining new wild strains with robust pullulan-producing abilities remains an urgent concern. In this study, we found a novel strain, namely, Aureobasidium melanogenum ZH27, that had a remarkable pullulan-producing capacity and optimized its cultivation conditions using the one-factor-at-a-time method. To elucidate the reasons that drove the hyper-production of pullulan, we scrutinized changes in cell morphology and gene expressions. The results reveal that strain ZH27 achieved 115.4 ± 1.82 g/L pullulan with a productivity of 0.87 g/L/h during batch fermentation within 132 h under the optimized condition (OC). This pullulan titer increased by 105% compared with the initial condition (IC). Intriguingly, under the OC, swollen cells featuring 1–2 large vacuoles predominated during a rapid pullulan accumulation, while these swollen cells with one large vacuole and several smaller ones were prevalent under the IC. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with pullulan accumulation and by-product synthesis were almost all upregulated. These findings suggest that swollen cells and large vacuoles may play pivotal roles in the high level of pullulan production, and the accumulation of by-products also potentially contributes to pullulan synthesis. This study provides a novel and promising candidate for industrial pullulan production.

Overexpression of isoform δ of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Kδ) promotes stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and mouse liver, whereas its inhibition promotes EMT, suggesting a key role for PI3Kδ in epithelial plasticity.

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is an important biotoxin, produced by Staphylococcus aureus under appropriate conditions, and often contaminates milk and dairy products. Herein, an anti-SEA monoclonal antibody (anti-SEA mAb) was prepared by injecting the SEA protein in BALB/c mice, and a novel immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of SEA in pasteurized milk by using highly luminescent quantum dot beads (QB) as signal amplification probe. Given the 1020-fold enhancement in the photoluminescence intensity of QB to the original quantum dot, the proposed QB-ICA exhibits high sensitivity for SEA determination in real milk samples with a limit of detection of 1.89 ng/mL, and shows good dynamic linearity for SEA quantitative detection from 2 to 150 ng/mL within 15 min of test time. The proposed QB-ICA also shows good selectivity to SEA detection with a negligible cross-reaction to common analogs, including staphylococcal enterotoxins B, C, D, and E. In addition, the accuracy and precision of QB-ICA were assessed by analyzing SEA-fortified milk samples. The average recoveries of intra- and interassays range from 85.5 to 128.1%, and the coefficients of variation range from 4.6 to 14.2%, indicating an acceptable accuracy for the quantitative detection of SEA in real milk samples. In summary, this work provides a powerful and rapid analysis tool for the sensitive monitoring of SEA contamination in pasteurized milk samples.