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4 results on '"mechanistic implication"'

1. Monolithiation of 5,5′‐Dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene Using Flow Microreactors: Mechanistic Implications and Synthetic Applications.

Author

Nagaki, Aiichiro, Jiang, Yiyuan, Yamashita, Hiroki, Takabayashi, Naoshi, Takahashi, Yusuke, and Yoshida, Jun-ichi

Subjects
*MICROREACTORS, *HOUSING, *LITHIATION, *COST, *THIOPHENES
Abstract

The lithiation of 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene with one equivalent of an alkyllithium such as n‐BuLi or s‐BuLi was studied by varying the residence time in flow microreactors. With a short residence time, the product 2,2′‐bithiophene (3) derived from dilithiation was obtained preferentially and a significant amount of the starting material 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene remained unchanged. An increase in the residence time caused a higher yield of the product 5‐bromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene derived from monolithiation with expense in the yields of 2,2′‐bithiophene and 5,5′‐dibromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene. The lithiation using MeLi gave the product 5‐bromo‐2,2′‐bithiophene preferentially even with a very short residence time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. Second primary cancers in patients with acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia.

Author

Zheng, Guoqiao, Chattopadhyay, Subhayan, Sud, Amit, Sundquist, Kristina, Sundquist, Jan, Försti, Asta, Houlston, Richard, Hemminki, Akseli, and Hemminki, Kari

Subjects
*MERKEL cell carcinoma, *SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, *SKIN cancer, *KAPOSI'S sarcoma, *CANCER patients
Abstract

Summary: Improvement of survival in lymphocytic leukaemia has been accompanied by the occurrence of second primary cancer (SPCs). Based on Swedish Family Cancer Database, we applied bi‐directional analyses in which relative risks (RRs) were calculated for any SPCs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and the risks of these leukaemias as SPCs. After CLL, RRs were significant for 20 SPCs, and high for skin squamous cell cancer (24·58 for in situ and 7·63 for invasive), Merkel cell carcinoma (14·36), Hodgkin lymphoma (7·16) and Kaposi sarcoma (6·76). Conversely, 15 CLL cancer pairs were reciprocally increased. The increased risks were reciprocal for ALL and four cancers. RR for ALL was 15·35 after myeloid neoplasia. HCL showed reciprocally increased RRs with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma. The concordance between RRs for bi‐directional associations between CLL and different cancers, and HCL and different cancers was highly significant. For CLL (also for HCL), the bi‐directional risks with skin cancers and other immune‐related cancers suggest the probable involvement of immune dysfunction. For ALL, treatment may contribute to risks of multiple SPCs. Increased risk of ALL after haematological neoplasms may indicate bone marrow dysfunction. These findings may help guide treatment decisions and prognostic assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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3. Second primary cancers in patients with acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia

Author

Jan Sundquist, Kari Hemminki, Subhayan Chattopadhyay, Guoqiao Zheng, Richard S. Houlston, Amit Sud, Asta Försti, Kristina Sundquist, Akseli Hemminki, Department of Oncology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, and HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Skin Neoplasms, Databases, Factual, 0302 clinical medicine, hemic and lymphatic diseases, LYMPHOMA, Registries, RISK, Aged, 80 and over, Leukemia, Hairy Cell, mechanistic implication, Leukemia, RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION, SECONDARY, Merkel cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, B cell leukaemia, Neoplasms, Second Primary, Hematology, Middle Aged, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, second cancers, Prognosis, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, bi-directional risk, Female, Sarcoma, medicine.medical_specialty, CARCINOMA, DISORDERS, 3122 Cancers, Malignancy, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Sarcoma, Kaposi, Aged, MALIGNANCY, Sweden, business.industry, MORTALITY, Cancer, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Lymphoma, immune suppression, Bone marrow, FOLLOW-UP, business, 030215 immunology, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Improvement of survival in lymphocytic leukaemia has been accompanied by the occurrence of second primary cancer (SPCs). Based on Swedish Family Cancer Database, we applied bi-directional analyses in which relative risks (RRs) were calculated for any SPCs in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and the risks of these leukaemias as SPCs. After CLL, RRs were significant for 20 SPCs, and high for skin squamous cell cancer (2458 for insitu and 763 for invasive), Merkel cell carcinoma (1436), Hodgkin lymphoma (716) and Kaposi sarcoma (676). Conversely, 15 CLL cancer pairs were reciprocally increased. The increased risks were reciprocal for ALL and four cancers. RR for ALL was 1535 after myeloid neoplasia. HCL showed reciprocally increased RRs with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and melanoma. The concordance between RRs for bi-directional associations between CLL and different cancers, and HCL and different cancers was highly significant. For CLL (also for HCL), the bi-directional risks with skin cancers and other immune-related cancers suggest the probable involvement of immune dysfunction. For ALL, treatment may contribute to risks of multiple SPCs. Increased risk of ALL after haematological neoplasms may indicate bone marrow dysfunction. These findings may help guide treatment decisions and prognostic assessment.

Published
2018

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