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@ivalske in rastlinske vrste se pojavljajo le tam, kjer najdejo ustrezne razmere za pre`ivetje in razmno`evanje. Z raziskavo krajinske zgradbe na Ljubljanskem barju smo potrdili pozitivno povezanost pestrej{e rabe tal s {tevilom vrst ptic. Ornitolo{ka obmo~ja, v katerih so prisotne vrste ptic nacionalnega pomena, se od ostalih povr{in po opazovanih zna~ilnosti krajinskezgradbe jasno razlikujejo. Analiza krajinske zgradbe modelnega obmo~ja v preteklosti lahko pripomore k odkrivanju smeri sprememb v prihodnosti in k oblikovanju izhodi{~ za ohranjanje biotske pestrosti v prostoru. Raziskava je potrdila teoreti~na spoznanja, da je za u~inkovito ohranjanje `ivalskih in rastlinskih vrst v kulturnih krajinah pomembno ohranjanje klju~nih zna~ilnosti krajinske zgradbe. Animal and plant species depend on suitable environmental conditions for theirsurvival and reproduction. In the case study of the Ljubljana Marshes theassumption that land use diversity has a positive effect on the number of bird species was confirmed. It was found that the main ornithological areas, which were objectively selected according to the occurrence of birds of national importance, differ from other parts of the Marshes concerning some landscape structure characteristics. The analysis of the past conditions in the landscape is also important in order to detect current trends of changes. Results of the study confirm theoretical statements that the conservation of characteristic features of landscape structure plays a major role in an efficient conservation of animal and plant species in cultural landscapes.

Koncept biotske pestrosti v naravoslovju ni nov. Tudi v gozdarstvu je prisoten`e toliko ~asa, da je v~asih potreben redefiniranja. Jasne definicije so pogoj za u~inkovito integracijo ideje biotske pestrosti v sodobno gozdarstvo. Kot kulturna krajina je tudi ve~ina biotske pestrosti dinami~na, antropogena tvorba - od genske do ekosistemske in vi{jih ravni. Gozdarstvo je doslej posve~alo pozornost vrstni, delno genski pestrosti, nekoliko zanemarilopa je vi{je ravni, ki jih v novej{em ~asu odkriva ideja krajinskega gozdarstva. To dokazuje tudi vrsta mednarodnih dokumentov - od helsin{kih do lizbonskih resolucij. Vendar moramo sprejeti dejstvo, da so ravni biotske pestrosti in njihovo ohranjanje nelo~ljivo povezane. Tipizacijo gozdnih in gozdnatih krajin lahko obravnavamo tudi kot sredstvo ohranjanja na gozd vezanebiotske pestrosti. Za razliko od dosedanjih taka tipizacija ne temelji zgolj na fizi~ni prisotnosti gozda (koli~ini, razporedu), ampak predvsem na lastnostih gozda, ki so biotski pestrosti prijazne in omogo~ajo komuniciranje organizmov - od genske ravni do migracijskih gibanj. Za novo paradigmo trajnostnega gospodarjenja za biotsko pestrost se bo moralo gozdarstvo aktivnovklju~iti v izpolnjevanje teh mednarodnih dokumentov. The concept of biodiversity is not new to the natural sciences. In forestry, too, it has been present for such a long time that it sometimes requires redefining. Clear definitions are prerequisite for an efficient integration ofthe idea of biodiversity into contemporary forestry. As in the case of cultural landscapes the majority of biodiversity is a dynamic anthropogenic category - from gene to ecosystem and higher levels. Until now, forestry has primarily paid attention to the species, partly gene biodiversity. It neglected somehow higher biodiversity levels, recently being discovered by theidea of landscape forestry. This can be proven by a series of internationaldocuments - from the Helsinki to Lisbon resolutions. Nevertheless, the fact has to be accepted that all biodiversity levels and conservation thereof are inseparably connected. Typifying forest landscapes can be considered as one of the means of forest related biodiversity conservation. Contrary to previous cases such typifying is not based solely onthe physical presence of the forest (area, distribution patterns). It is based primarily on forest properties that are biodiversity friendly and renderpossible communications of organisms - from gene level to migratory movements. The new paradigm of sustainable forest management for biodiversity will require that forestry actively take part in complying with many obligations related to international documents.

Prostorastoča drevesa so pogosto edini gradnik naravne vegetacije v kmetijski krajini, lahko pa sestavljajo mozaik krajinskih gradnikov, skupaj s opi drevja, koridorji drevnine ali zaplatami gozda v kmetijski matici. Ve~krat sestavljajo sama ali skupaj z `e omenjenimi krajinskimi gradniki omre`je, ki omogo~a prehajanje {tevilnim vrstam. Prostorasto~a drevesa v kmetijski krajinipogosto zapostavljamo, nimamo evidentiranih, kljub zakonski osnovi ne gospodarimo z njimi. Analize drevnine na izseku Sor{kega polja ka`ejo, da prostorasto~a drevnina danes nima ve~ vlog, kot jih je imela pred desetletji, zato pa je pomembnej{a kot stopni kamni zlasti v tistih delih kmetijskih krajin, kjer so drugi ostanki naravne vegetacije `e izginili, oziroma so njihove medsebojne razdalje prevelike, da bi {e omogo~ale prehajanje vrst. Solitary trees are often the only natural vegetation landscape element in an agricultural landscape yet, sometimes they can compose a mosaic of natural landscape elements together with clusters of trees, tree corridors and forest patches in an agricultural matrix. Often these trees compose, alone or together with other previously mentioned landscape elements, a network that enables the migration of species. Solitary trees in an agricultural landscape are often neglected they are neither registered nor managed in spite of a legal basis to do so. Analysis of solitary trees in part of Sor{ko polje showsthat the traditional roles of solitary trees are vanishing however the importance of their role as stepping stones in an agricultural landscape is increasing, especially in the parts where all other elements of natural vegetation have already disappeared or are separated too far apart to enable migration of species.