1. Update and guidance on management of myopia : European Society of Ophthalmology in cooperation with International Myopia Institute
- Author
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Peter M. Allen, Rigmor C. Baraas, Ingrida Januleviciene, Annechien E. G. Haarman, Lyle S. Gray, J. Willem L. Tideman, Jost B. Jonas, Jeroen A. Mulder, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Olavi Pärssinen, Beáta Tapasztó, Andrzej Grzybowski, Daniel Ian Flitcroft, Siegfried Wahl, Wagih Aclimandos, Zoltán Zsolt Nagy, János Németh, Jan Roelof Polling, Serge Resnikoff, Jan Tjeerd H N de Faber, James S. Wolffsohn, Hema Radhakrishnan, Irina Yurievna Smirnova, Kathryn J Saunders, Marino Formenti, and Philippe Kestelyn
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,genetic structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,atropine ,Psychological intervention ,Reviews ,orthokeratology ,likinäköisyys ,preventive medicine ,ehkäisevä lääketiede ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ophthalmology ,näkövammat ,Epidemiology ,Myopia ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,myopia ,Preventive healthcare ,Blindness ,business.industry ,pathologic myopia ,Pathological myopia ,Orthokeratology ,High myopia ,Treatment options ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,time spent outdoors ,myopia reduction interventions ,Myopia, Degenerative/epidemiology ,eye diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Myopia, Degenerative ,silmätaudit ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Disease Progression ,sense organs ,business ,Orthokeratologic Procedures ,blindness ,sokeus - Abstract
The prevalence of myopia is increasing extensively worldwide. The number of people with myopia in 2020 is predicted to be 2.6 billion globally, which is expected to rise up to 4.9 billion by 2050, unless preventive actions and interventions are taken. The number of individuals with high myopia is also increasing substantially and pathological myopia is predicted to become the most common cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide and also in Europe. These prevalence estimates indicate the importance of reducing the burden of myopia by means of myopia control interventions to prevent myopia onset and to slow down myopia progression. Due to the urgency of the situation, the European Society of Ophthalmology decided to publish this update of the current information and guidance on management of myopia. The pathogenesis and genetics of myopia are also summarized and epidemiology, risk factors, preventive and treatment options are discussed in details.
- Published
- 2021
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