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ABSTRACT Objectives Methods Results Conclusions The study aimed to evaluate the utilization of frontline TKI therapy in a large cohort of elderly CP‐CML patients.A retrospective analysis was conducted on 332 CP‐CML patients aged 75 years or older among 1929 diagnosed from January 2012 to December 2019 followed at 36 participating Hematology Centers involved in the “Campus CML” project.Among the patients analyzed, 85.8% received imatinib (IM) while 14.2% received second‐generation TKIs (2G‐TKI), 59.5% dasatinib, and 40.5% nilotinib. Most patients initiated IM at standard dose (67.3%) while 32.7% at reduced dose. A similar trend was observed with 2G‐TKIs. The cumulative incidence of permanent TKI discontinuation at 12 months was 28.4%, primarily due to primary resistance (10.1%) and extra‐hematologic toxicity (9.5%), with no significant difference between IM and 2G‐TKI groups. Following the introduction of generic IM in Italy in 2018, IM usage increased significantly compared with 2G‐TKIs.IM was in our Centers the preferred frontline therapy for older CP‐CML patients, with increasing utilization after the introduction of generic formulations. However, 2G‐TKIs are still used in a substantial proportion of patients, suggesting individualized physician assessments regarding patient suitability and expectations. Further investigation is needed to assess efficacy and safety of reduced TKI doses in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The proportion of very elderly patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is expected to rise. Furthermore, patients are likely more prone to suffer a cardiac arrest (CA) event within the ICU. The occurrence of intensive care unit cardiac arrest (ICU-CA) is associated with high mortality. To date, the incidence of ICU-CA and its clinical impact on outcome in the very old (≥ 90 years) patients treated is unknown. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive critically ill patients ≥ 90 years admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care university hospital in Hamburg (Germany). All patients suffering ICU-CA were included and CA characteristics and functional outcome was assessed. Clinical course and outcome were assessed and compared between the subgroups of patients with and without ICU-CA. Results: 1,108 critically ill patients aged ≥ 90 years were admitted during the study period. The median age was 92.3 (91.0–94.2) years and 67% (n = 747) were female. 2% (n = 25) of this cohort suffered ICU-CA after a median duration 0.5 (0.2–3.2) days of ICU admission. The presumed cause of ICU-CA was cardiac in 64% (n = 16). The median resuscitation time was 10 (2–15) minutes and the initial rhythm was shockable in 20% (n = 5). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) could be achieved in 68% (n = 17). The cause of ICU admission was primarily medical in the total cohort (ICU-CA: 48% vs. No ICU-CA: 34%, p = 0.13), surgical - planned (ICU-CA: 32% vs. No ICU-CA: 37%, p = 0.61) and surgical - unplanned/emergency (ICU-CA: 43% vs. No ICU-CA: 28%, p = 0.34). The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (1–3) points for patients with ICU-CA and 1 (0–2) for patients without ICU-CA (p = 0.54). Patients with ICU-CA had a higher disease severity according to SAPS II (ICU-CA: 54 vs. No ICU-CA: 36 points, p < 0.001). Patients with ICU-CA had a higher rate of mechanically ventilation (ICU-CA: 64% vs. No ICU-CA: 34%, p < 0.01) and required vasopressor therapy more often (ICU-CA: 88% vs. No ICU-CA: 41%, p < 0.001). The ICU and in-hospital mortality was 88% (n = 22) and 100% (n = 25) in patients with ICU-CA compared to 17% (n = 179) and 28% (n = 306) in patients without ICU-CA. The mortality rate for patients with ICU-CA was observed to be 88% (n = 22) in the ICU and 100% (n = 25) in-hospital. In contrast, patients without ICU-CA had an in-ICU mortality rate of 17% (n = 179) and an in-hospital mortality rate of 28% (n = 306) (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: The occurrence of ICU-CA in very elderly patients is rare but associated with high mortality. Providing CPR in this cohort did not lead to long-term survival at our centre. Very elderly patients admitted to the ICU likely benefit from supportive care only and should probably not be resuscitated due to poor chance of survival and ethical considerations. Providing personalized assurances that care will remain appropriate and in accordance with the patient's and family's wishes can optimise compassionate care while avoiding futile life-sustaining interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation improves outcomes in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, its safety and efficacy in the very elderly (≥80 years old) is not well described. HYPOTHESIS: Ablation of AF in the very elderly is safe and effective. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all patients who underwent catheter ablation enrolled in the University of California, San Diego AF Ablation Registry. The primary outcome was freedom from atrial arrhythmias on or off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). RESULTS: Of 847 patients, 42 (5.0%) were 80 years of age or greater with a median age of 81.5 (80-82.3) and 805 (95.0%) were less than 80 years of age with a median age of 64.4 (57.6-70.2). Among those who were ≥80 years old, 29 were undergoing de novo ablation (69.0%), whereas in the younger cohort, 518 (64.5%) were undergoing de novo ablation (p = .548). There were no statistically significant differences in fluoroscopy (p = .406) or total procedure times (p = .076), AAD use (p = .611), or procedural complications (p = .500) between groups. After multivariable adjustment, there were no statistically significant differences in recurrence of any atrial arrhythmias on or off AAD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.23; p = .252), all-cause hospitalizations (AHR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.46-1.60; p = .626), or all-cause mortality (AHR: 4.48; 95% CI: 0.59-34.07; p = .147) between the very elderly and the younger cohort. CONCLUSION: In this registry analysis, catheter ablation of AF appears similarly effective and safe in patients 80 years or older when compared to a younger cohort.

Abstract Introduction The proportion of very elderly patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) is expected to rise. Furthermore, patients are likely more prone to suffer a cardiac arrest (CA) event within the ICU. The occurrence of intensive care unit cardiac arrest (ICU-CA) is associated with high mortality. To date, the incidence of ICU-CA and its clinical impact on outcome in the very old (≥ 90 years) patients treated is unknown. Methods Retrospective analysis of all consecutive critically ill patients ≥ 90 years admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care university hospital in Hamburg (Germany). All patients suffering ICU-CA were included and CA characteristics and functional outcome was assessed. Clinical course and outcome were assessed and compared between the subgroups of patients with and without ICU-CA. Results 1,108 critically ill patients aged ≥ 90 years were admitted during the study period. The median age was 92.3 (91.0–94.2) years and 67% (n = 747) were female. 2% (n = 25) of this cohort suffered ICU-CA after a median duration 0.5 (0.2–3.2) days of ICU admission. The presumed cause of ICU-CA was cardiac in 64% (n = 16). The median resuscitation time was 10 (2–15) minutes and the initial rhythm was shockable in 20% (n = 5). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) could be achieved in 68% (n = 17). The cause of ICU admission was primarily medical in the total cohort (ICU-CA: 48% vs. No ICU-CA: 34%, p = 0.13), surgical - planned (ICU-CA: 32% vs. No ICU-CA: 37%, p = 0.61) and surgical - unplanned/emergency (ICU-CA: 43% vs. No ICU-CA: 28%, p = 0.34). The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (1–3) points for patients with ICU-CA and 1 (0–2) for patients without ICU-CA (p = 0.54). Patients with ICU-CA had a higher disease severity according to SAPS II (ICU-CA: 54 vs. No ICU-CA: 36 points, p

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. Advanced age, prolonged stay in healthcare facility, and exposure to antibiotics are leading risk factors for CDI. Data on CDI clinical outcomes in the very elderly patients are limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized between 2016 and 2018 with CDI. We evaluated demographic clinical and laboratory parameters. Major clinical outcomes were evaluated including duration of hospital stay, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), in-hospital mortality, 30 days post-discharge mortality, and readmission/mortality composite outcome. We compared patients aged up to 80 years (elderly) to those of 80 years old or more (very elderly). Results: Of 196 patients included in the study, 112 (57%) were very elderly with a mean age of 86 versus 67 years in the elderly group. The duration of hospital stays, and intensive care unit admission frequency were significantly reduced in the very elderly (13 vs. 22 days p = 0.003 and 1.8% vs. 10.7% p = 0.01, respectively). No significant difference was found in the frequencies of in-hospital and in 30 days post-discharge mortality. Conclusions: In our cohort, the duration of hospital stay seemed to be shorter in the very elderly with no increase of in-hospital and post-discharge mortality. Although admitted less frequently to ICU, the in-hospital survival of the very elderly was not adversely affected compared to the elderly, suggesting that very advanced age per se should not be a major factor to consider in determining the prognosis of a patient with CDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the outcomes of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) patients aged over 65 years have been extensively evaluated in real-life experiences, limited data exist for the very elderly population (i.e., aged ≥ 75 years), especially for next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this retrospective study, we sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TKIs in this particular setting of patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort of 123 newly diagnosed CP-CML very elderly patients. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 80 years (range: 75–96). In the first line, 86.1% of patients received imatinib, 7.1% dasatinib, 5.6% nilotinib, and 0.81% received bosutinib. A total of 31 patients (25.2%) switched to second-line therapy, nine patients to a third line, and one patient to a fourth line of therapy. Resistance to treatment was the primary reason for switching therapy in both the first (64.5%) and second lines (77.7%). At diagnosis, reduced doses were administered in 36.5% of patients, in 61.2% in the second line, and in all patients in subsequent lines of therapy. In the first-line setting, 71.9% of patients achieved an early molecular response (EMR, i.e., 3-month BCR::ABL1IS < 10%); at 6, 12, and 24 months, MR3 was reached by 35.7%, 55.7%, and 75.0% of patients, respectively, with 16.6%, 35.7%, and 51.7% achieving a deep molecular response (DMR) at the same time points. Treatment-free remission (TFR) was successfully attempted in 11 patients. During the follow-up period, adverse events (AEs) were observed in 78.8% of patients, including 22 cases of cardiovascular AEs. Toxicity grade ≥ 3 was more commonly observed in patients treated with standard doses of TKIs compared to reduced doses (p = 0.033). Overall, the median follow-up was 46.62 months (range: 1.8–206.2), and 43 patients died due to non-CML-related causes. Three patients died due to disease progression to advanced (n = 1) and blastic (n = 2) phases. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 71.9% (95% CI: 0.63–0.81), with no significant difference between the patients treated with standard doses of TKIs compared to those treated with reduced doses (p = 0.35). Conclusions: TKIs appear to be safe and effective even in very elderly CML patients, and dose optimization strategies yield satisfactory molecular responses for adequate disease control with an improved safety profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The prognosis of patients ≥ 75 years suffering from glioblastoma is poor. Novel therapies are usually reserved for patients ≤ 70 years. In an aging population, treatment of very elderly patients remains a challenge. Methods: Between 2010 and 2018, a total of 977 glioblastoma patients were treated at our institution. Of these, 143 patients were ≥ 75 years at diagnosis. Primary procedure was surgical resection or biopsy followed by adjuvant treatment, whenever possible. We retrospectively investigated overall survival (OS) and potential prognostic factors influencing survival, including Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), surgical therapy, adjuvant therapy as well as MGMT promotor status. Results: In very elderly patients, median age was 79 years (range: 75–110). Biopsy only was performed in 104 patients; resection was performed in 39 patients. Median OS for the entire cohort was 5.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that KPS at presentation (≥ 70 vs. ≤60), surgery vs. biopsy, adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy were significantly associated with OS (6 vs. 3, p < 0.0111; 12 vs. 4, p = 0.0011; 11 vs. 4, p = 0.0003 and 10 vs. 1.5 months, p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed adjuvant radiotherapy (p < 0.0001) and chemotherapy (p = 0.0002) as independent factors influencing OS. Conclusion: For very elderly patients, the natural course of disease without treatment is devastating. These patients benefit from multimodal treatment including adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A beneficial effect of resection has not been demonstrated. Treatment options and outcomes should be thoughtfully discussed before treatment decisions are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is primarily defined and classified according to the magnitude of the elevation of serum creatinine (Scr). We aimed to determine whether the duration of AKI adds prognostic value in addition to that obtained from the magnitude of injury alone. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled very elderly inpatients (≥75 years) in the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2007 to December 2018. AKI was stratified by magnitude according to KDIGO stage (1, 2, and 3) and duration (1–2 days, 3–4 days, 5–7 days, and >7 days). The primary outcome was the 1-year mortality after AKI. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify covariates associated with the 1-year mortality. The probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results: In total, 688 patients were enrolled, with the median age was 88 (84–91) years, and the majority (652, 94.8%) were male. According to the KDIGO criteria, 317 patients (46.1%) had Stage 1 AKI, 169 (24.6%) had Stage 2 AKI, and 202 (29.3%) had Stage 3 AKI. Of the 688 study subjects, 61 (8.9%) with a duration of AKI lasted 1–2 days, 104 (15.1%) with a duration of AKI lasted 3–4 days, 140 (20.3%) with a duration of AKI lasted 5–7 days, and 383 (55.7%) with a duration of AKI lasted >7 days. Within each stage, a longer duration of AKI was slightly associated with a higher rate of 1-year mortality. However, within each of the duration categories, the stage of AKI was significantly associated with 1-year mortality. When considered separately in multivariate analyses, both the duration of AKI (3–4 days: HR=3.184; 95% CI: 1.733–5.853; P 7 days: HR=1.766; 95% CI: 1.017–3.065; P=0.043) and more advanced AKI stage (Stage 2: HR=3.063; 95% CI: 2.207–4.252; P

The red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the heterogeneity of the erythrocyte volume. Different clinical conditions are associated with increased RDW, and high levels (>14.5%) have been described as a predictive marker for unfavorable outcomes and mortality in critically ill patients. However, there is a lack of data on very elderly critically ill patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of RDW with outcomes in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted for all consecutive critically ill patients ≥ 90 years who were admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of the Medical University Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany) with available RDW on admission. Clinical course and laboratory were analyzed for all patients with eligible RDW. High RDW was defined as (>14.5%). We clinically assessed factors associated with mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic impact of RDW on 28-day mortality. During a 12-year period, we identified 863 critically ill patients ≥ 90 years old with valid RDW values and complete clinical data. In total, 32% (n = 275) died within 28 days, and 68% (n = 579) survived for 28 days. Median RDW levels on ICU admission were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (15.6% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). Overall, 38% (n = 327) had low, and 62% (n = 536) had high RDW. The proportion of high RDW (>14.5%) was significantly higher in non-survivors (73% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Patients with low RDW presented with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.014), and their severity of illness on admission was lower (SAPS II: 35 vs. 38 points, p < 0.001). In total, 32% (n = 104) in the low and 35% (n = 190) in the high RDW group were mechanically ventilated (p = 0.273). The use of vasopressors (35% vs. 49%, p < 0.001) and renal replacement therapy (1% vs. 5%, p = 0.007) was significantly higher in the high RDW group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high RDW was significantly associated with 28-day mortality [crude HR 1.768, 95% CI (1.355–2.305); p < 0.001]. This association remained significant after adjusting for multiple confounders [adjusted HR 1.372, 95% CI (1.045–1.802); p = 0.023]. High RDW was significantly associated with mortality in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. RDW is a useful simple parameter for risk stratification and may aid guidance for the therapy in very elderly critically ill patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Previous studies have been inconclusive about racial disparities in sepsis. This study evaluated the impact of ethnic background on management and outcome in sepsis and septic shock. Methods This analysis included 17,146 patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock from the multicenter eICU Collaborative Research Database. Generalized estimated equation (GEE) population-averaged models were used to fit three sequential regression models for the binary primary outcome of hospital mortality. Results Non-Hispanic whites were the predominant group (n = 14,124), followed by African Americans (n = 1,852), Hispanics (n = 717), Asian Americans (n = 280), Native Americans (n = 146) and others (n = 830). Overall, the intensive care treatment and hospital mortality were similar between all ethnic groups. This finding was concordant in patients with septic shock and persisted after adjusting for patient-level variables (age, sex, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use and comorbidities) and hospital variables (teaching hospital status, number of beds in the hospital). Conclusion We could not detect ethnic disparities in the management and outcomes of critically ill septic patients and patients suffering from septic shock. Disparate outcomes among critically ill septic patients of different ethnicities are a public health, rather than a critical care challenge.

Very elderly population constitutes an increasingly larger proportion of patients admitted for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Notably, age represents both a proxy of frailty and an exclusion criterion in clinical randomized trials, which probably contributes to lack of data and undertreatment of real-world elderly patients. The aim of the study is to describe patterns of treatment and outcome of very elderly patients with ACS. All consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years old (yo) admitted between January 2017 and December 2019 with ACS were included. The primary endpoint was in-hospital occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, new onset cardiogenic shock, definite/probable stent thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. The secondary endpoints were in-hospital incidence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major/minor bleedings, contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), six-month all-cause mortality, and unplanned readmission. One hundred ninety-three patients (mean age 84.1 ± 3.5 yo, 46% females) were included, of whom 86 (44.6%), 79 (40.9%), and 28 (14.5%) presented with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA), respectively. The vast majority of patients received an invasive strategy, with 92.7% undergoing coronary angiography and 84.4% to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin was administered to 180 (93.3%) patients, clopidogrel to 89 (46.1%) patients, and ticagrelor to 85 (44%) patients. In-hospital MACE occurred in 29 patients (15.0%), whereas 3 (1.6%) and 12 patients (7.2%) experienced in-hospital TIMI major and TIMI minor bleeding, respectively. Of the overall population, 177 (91.7%) were discharged alive. After discharge, 11 patients (6.2%) died of all-cause death, whereas 42 patients (23.7%) required a new hospitalization within six months. Invasive strategy of ACS in elderly patients seems safe and effective. Six-month new hospitalization appears inevitably related to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of advanced-age patients with spinal metastases is rising. This study was performed to clarify the characteristics and surgical outcomes of spinal metastases in advanced-age patients. We prospectively analyzed 216 patients with spinal metastases from 2015 to 2020 and divided them into three age groups: <70 years (n = 119), 70–79 years (n = 73), and ≥80 years (n = 24). Although there were no significant intergroup differences in preoperative characteristics and surgery-related factors except for age, patients aged ≥80 years tended to have a worse performance status (PS), Barthel index, and EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) before and after surgery than the other two groups. Although the median PS, mean Barthel index and mean EQ-5D greatly improved postoperatively in each group, the median PS and mean Barthel index at 6 months and the mean EQ-5D at 1 month postoperatively were significantly poorer in the ≥80-year group than the 70–79-year group. The rates of postoperative complications and re-deterioration of the EQ-5D were significantly higher in the oldest group than in the other two groups. Although surgery for spinal metastases improved the PS, Barthel index, and EQ-5D regardless of age, clinicians should be aware of the poorer outcomes and higher complication rates in advanced-age patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypoxic liver injury (HLI) is a frequent and life-threatening complication occurring in up to 10% of critically ill patients. Heart failure and age were previously identified as risk factors for occurrence of HLI. However, there is lack of data on incidence of HLI and its clinical implications on outcome in very old (≥90 years) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of HLI in critically ill patients ≥90 years. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of all consecutive critically ill patients ≥90 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care university hospital in Hamburg, Germany. Clinical course and laboratory data were analyzed for all patients. HLI was defined according to established criteria as elevation of aminotransferase levels (>20-fold upper limit of normal). Predictors of HLI occurrence, clinical course, and outcome were assessed and compared to those of patients without HLI. Results: In total, 1,065 critically ill patients ≥90 years were included. During the ICU stay, 3% (n = 35) developed HLI. Main causes of HLI were cardiogenic shock (51%, n = 18), septic shock (23%, n = 8), and cardiac arrest (20%, n = 7). Presenting characteristics including age, gender, and BMI were comparable between patients with and without HLI. The admission cause was primary medical (HLI: 49% vs. No-HLI: 34%, p = 0.07), surgical – planned (9% vs. 38%, p < 0.001), and surgical – emergency (43% vs. 28%, p = 0.06). The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the median updated CCI were 2 (1–3) and 2 (1–2) points in patients with HLI and 1 (0–2) and 1 (0–2) in patients without HLI (p < 0.01 and p = 0.08). Patients with HLI presented with higher SAPS II (55 vs. 36 points p < 0.001) score on admission and required mechanical ventilation (66% vs. 34%, p < 0.001), vasopressor therapy (91% vs. 40%, p < 0.001), renal replacement therapy (20% vs. 2%, p < 0.001), and parenteral nutrition (29% vs. 7%, p < 0.001). The ICU mortality and hospital mortality in patients with HLI were 66% (n = 23) and 83% (n = 29) compared with 17% (n = 170) and 28% (n = 292) in patients without HLI, respectively (both p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified SAPS II (OR 1.05, 95% CI: [1.02–1.07]; p < 0.001) and vasopressor therapy (OR 9.21, 95% CI: [2.58–32.86]; p < 0.01) as factors significantly associated with new onset of HLI. Occurrence of HLI was independently associated with mortality (HR 2.23, 95% CI: [1.50–3.30]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: HLI is an uncommon but not rare condition in critically ill patients aged ≥90 years. Occurrence of HLI is associated with high mortality and is mainly caused by cardiogenic or septic shock. HLI may serve as early prognostic marker in critically ill patients aged ≥90 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral microbleeds (CMB) are a common MRI finding, representing underlying cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH). The etiology of CMB and microhemorrhages is obscure. We conducted a pathological investigation of CMH, combining standard and immunohistological analyses of postmortem human brains. We analyzed 5 brain regions (middle frontal gyrus, occipital pole, rostral cingulate cortex, caudal cingulate cortex, and basal ganglia) of 76 brain bank subjects (mean age ± SE 90 ± 1.4 years). Prussian blue positivity, used as an index of CMH, was subjected to quantitative analysis for all 5 brain regions. Brains from the top and bottom quartiles (n = 19 each) were compared for quantitative immunohistological findings of smooth muscle actin, claudin-5, and fibrinogen, and for Sclerosis Index (SI) (a measure of arteriolar remodeling). Brains in the top quartile (i.e. with most extensive CMH) had significantly higher SI in the 5 brain regions combined (0.379 ± 0.007 vs 0.355 ± 0.008; p

Objective: Older patients are rapidly increasing in the emergency department in low-middle-income countries and have poor outcomes. The present study aimed to find the spectrum of comorbidities, medical emergencies, and prognosis in geriatric patients and compare the elderly with very elderly patients in North India. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted on patients aged ≥60 years admitted at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh (India). The elderly and very elderly age was defined as 60–74 years and ≥75 years, respectively. Results: Of 935 enrolled patients, 763 (81.6%) were elderly, and 172 (18.4%) were very elderly. Very elderly more frequently required admission in the red area (65.7% vs. 57.4%, P = 0.045). 85.2% (n = 796) of patients had preexisting comorbidities, hypertension (44.5%) and diabetes (34.8%) being the most common. The most comorbidities and the Charlson comorbidity index score distribution were similar to the two age groups; however, hypertension was more in the elderly (52.3% vs. 42.7%, P = 0.022). Overall, gastrointestinal (25.7%), neurological (20.7%), and cardiovascular (19.0%) emergencies were common; however, the very elderly patients more frequently had neurological illnesses (30.8% vs. 18.5%, P < 0.001). Pulmonary infections were the most prevalent infections in both age groups. The frequency of urinary tract infections was higher in the very elderly (17.5% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.023). In-hospital survival was 82.7% (n = 773) and significantly low in the very elderly (76.7% vs. 84.0%, P = 0.023). The survival was predicted by quick sequential organ failure assessment but not by the Charlson comorbidity index. Conclusion: Very elderly patients more frequently have hypertension, neurological emergencies, urinary tract infections, and poor outcomes.

To investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of inpatients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) including lower extremity PAD, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and carotid artery disease in a large cohort of critically ill patients aged ≥ 90 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted of all adult patients aged ≥ 90 years consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit at a tertiary care centre in Hamburg, Germany, between 1 January 2008 and 30 April 2019. Multivariable regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used to determine the independent impact of PAD on short and long term mortality endpoints. The analyses were adjusted for confounding by several sociodemographic and clinical parameters including Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and established clinical risk scores. A total of 1 108 eligible patients were identified (92.3 years, 33% men). Of these, 24% had PAD (9% lower extremity PAD, 2% AAA, 15% coronary artery disease) and 76% did not have any history of PAD and were used as a comparison group. When compared with the comparison group, patients with PAD had a higher CCI (2 vs. 1, p <.001), more often had chronic kidney disease (28% vs. 21%, p =.019), and renal replacement therapy (5% vs. 2%, p =.016). Furthermore, they needed vasopressors (48% vs. 40%, p =.027) and parenteral nutrition (10% vs. 6%, p =.041) more often. After adjusting for confounding, PAD was independently associated with increased in hospital (hazard ratio [HR] 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39 – 2.81, p <.001) and long term mortality rates (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05 – 1.66, p =.019). One of four critically ill nonagenarians and centenarians in an ICU in Germany had PAD. PAD was associated with both higher short and long term mortality rates while its impact outweighed higher age. Future studies should address this increasingly important population beyond 89 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have been inconclusive about racial disparities in sepsis. This study evaluated the impact of ethnic background on management and outcome in sepsis and septic shock. Methods: This analysis included 17,146 patients suffering from sepsis and septic shock from the multicenter eICU Collaborative Research Database. Generalized estimated equation (GEE) population-averaged models were used to fit three sequential regression models for the binary primary outcome of hospital mortality. Results: Non-Hispanic whites were the predominant group (n = 14,124), followed by African Americans (n = 1,852), Hispanics (n = 717), Asian Americans (n = 280), Native Americans (n = 146) and others (n = 830). Overall, the intensive care treatment and hospital mortality were similar between all ethnic groups. This finding was concordant in patients with septic shock and persisted after adjusting for patient-level variables (age, sex, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use and comorbidities) and hospital variables (teaching hospital status, number of beds in the hospital). Conclusion: We could not detect ethnic disparities in the management and outcomes of critically ill septic patients and patients suffering from septic shock. Disparate outcomes among critically ill septic patients of different ethnicities are a public health, rather than a critical care challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The number of teeth has been shown to affect mortality. However, it is unclear why the number of teeth is associated with mortality. We focused on the number of teeth and malnutrition and examined whether these differences affect 3‐year all‐cause mortality among very elderly individuals. Methods: This analysis was conducted using data from the Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health study. Altogether 513 participants ≥85 years were categorized based on remaining teeth (0, 1–7, 8–18, ≥19). All‐cause mortality was determined by calculating the cumulative 3‐year survival rate according to the remaining number of teeth and the presence/absence of malnutrition. Further, hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed using Cox regression analyses. Results: No difference was observed according to the number of teeth (p = 0.638), but the presence/absence of malnutrition was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Malnutrition was independently associated with higher HRs, even after adjusting for confounding factors associated with mortality. (HR: 2.315, 95% CI: 1.431–3.746). Additionally, adjusting for the number of teeth, HR remained significant (HR: 2.365, 95% CI: 1.449–3.853). Conclusion: In the very elderly, malnutrition—but not the number of teeth—was independently associated with 3‐year all‐cause mortality after adjusting for various health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a prevalent hematological malignancy. Resource-constrained settings such as the Middle East are particularly burdened by the increasing trends in MM morbidity and mortality in addition to challenges in the management of MM. It thus becomes necessary to identify and address debatable areas of current practice and gaps in the management of MM in the Middle East. With a special focus on the Lebanese situation, the first-line treatment of the very elderly (> 80 years old) is discussed, in addition to the impact of relapse type (biochemical or clinical relapse) on maintenance therapy, the choice of first relapse therapy in relation to maintenance therapy, and the role of MRD in the MM treatment landscape. The need for realistic management guidelines accounting for local resources and expertise, in addition to the reflection of drug accessibility and cost on clinical practice are recognized.

Background Korea is rapidly becoming a super aging society and is facing the increased burden of critical care for the elderly people. Traditionally, far-advanced age has been regarded as a triage criterion for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We evaluated how the characteristics and prognostic factors of very elderly patients (≥85 years) admitted to the ICU changed over the last decade. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients admitted to the ICU over 11 years (2007–2017). The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the very elderly-patients group were evaluated. Factors associated with mortality were assessed by a cox regression analysis. Results Comparing the first half (2007–2012) and the second half (2013–2017) of the study period, the proportion of very elderly group increased from 603/47,657 (1.3%), to 697/37,756 (1.8%) (P

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biapenem in very elderly (≥ 85 years) patients. A retrospective study was conducted on very elderly patients who received biapenem for at least 72 h and had a complete medical record from January 2016 to December 2017. Baseline characteristics and laboratory test results were recorded and assessed. Finally, 275 unique patients with an average age of 88.5 ± 3.1 years were enrolled. Of these patients, 186 (67.6%) had successful treatment. Univariate analysis of various parameters showed that fever and BUN (serum urea nitrogen) elevation were associated with treatment failure. In contrast, other parameters showed no significant differences between the treatment success group and treatment failure group, which included primary underlying disease, monotherapy, prior use of antibiotics, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that fever and BUN elevation were independent risk factors for treatment outcomes. BUN was elevated from 8.8 ± 5.6 to 9.9 ± 5.4 mmol/L after treatment (P = 0.007). Adverse drug reactions were observed in 10.9% (30/275) of patients, and all of these were mild or intermediate. The study suggested that biapenem was efficacious and safe in very elderly patients (≥ 85 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:The relationship between age and the development and outcome of sepsis and septic shock is unclear, especially in adults. There are few studies about the incidence, prognosis and mortality rates of sepsis in elderly and very elderly patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of age on the outcome of sepsis and septic shock in elderly and very elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Materials and Methods:This study was a retrospective observational study conducted in our medical ICU. Two hundred elderly and very elderly patients with sepsis and septic shock were included in this study.Results:The mortality rate related to sepsis and septic shock was 61.5% (123 patients). The most common site of infection was lung (56.5%, 113 patients), followed by urinary tract (35%, 70 patients). There was no significant difference between the elderly (61.2%, 82 patients) and the very elderly (62.1%, 41 patients) patients in terms of ICU mortality related to sepsis and septic shock (p>0.05). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on ICU admission [1.195 odds ratio (OR) and 1.052-1.358 95% confidence interval (CI), p=0.006], requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation on ICU admission (4.330 OR and 1.529-12.258 95% CI, p=0.006), renal impairment at the end of the ICU follow-up (6.457 OR and 1.795-23.233 95% CI, p=0.004) and the disability to feed orally in ICU (0.064 OR and 0.018-0.226 95% CI, p=0.0001) were found as independent risk factors for ICU mortality.Conclusion:According to our study, there was no significant difference between the elderly and the very elderly ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock in terms of mortality rates. However, the presence of organ damage during ICU admission and the development of complications during ICU stay significantly affected mortality.

The red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the heterogeneity of the erythrocyte volume. Different clinical conditions are associated with increased RDW, and high levels (>14.5%) have been described as a predictive marker for unfavorable outcomes and mortality in critically ill patients. However, there is a lack of data on very elderly critically ill patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of RDW with outcomes in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted for all consecutive critically ill patients ≥ 90 years who were admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of the Medical University Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (Hamburg, Germany) with available RDW on admission. Clinical course and laboratory were analyzed for all patients with eligible RDW. High RDW was defined as (>14.5%). We clinically assessed factors associated with mortality. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic impact of RDW on 28-day mortality. During a 12-year period, we identified 863 critically ill patients ≥ 90 years old with valid RDW values and complete clinical data. In total, 32% (n = 275) died within 28 days, and 68% (n = 579) survived for 28 days. Median RDW levels on ICU admission were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (15.6% vs. 14.8%, p < 0.001). Overall, 38% (n = 327) had low, and 62% (n = 536) had high RDW. The proportion of high RDW (>14.5%) was significantly higher in non-survivors (73% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Patients with low RDW presented with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.014), and their severity of illness on admission was lower (SAPS II: 35 vs. 38 points, p < 0.001). In total, 32% (n = 104) in the low and 35% (n = 190) in the high RDW group were mechanically ventilated (p = 0.273). The use of vasopressors (35% vs. 49%, p < 0.001) and renal replacement therapy (1% vs. 5%, p = 0.007) was significantly higher in the high RDW group. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that high RDW was significantly associated with 28-day mortality [crude HR 1.768, 95% CI (1.355–2.305); p < 0.001]. This association remained significant after adjusting for multiple confounders [adjusted HR 1.372, 95% CI (1.045–1.802); p = 0.023]. High RDW was significantly associated with mortality in critically ill patients ≥ 90 years. RDW is a useful simple parameter for risk stratification and may aid guidance for the therapy in very elderly critically ill patients.

Globally, hypertension is a common problem in the elderly, and its prevalence increases with increasing age. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) subset is more common in the very elderly population, and as the population ages, its prevalence will rise more and more. In the past, treatment of hypertension (HT) in the very elderly was controversial and either no treatment or complications of treatment risk overweigh the benefits observed. The inclusion of elders in various clinical trials has demonstrated a better understanding and rational approach toward optimal management of HT. Systolic blood pressure (BP) is more important in predicting adverse cerebrovascular outcomes and decline in renal function in elderly patients with ISH. Early detection, protection of target organs, correction of high BP will develop, promote, and corroborate healthy aging.

BackgroundPatients who develop postoperative delirium (POD) have several clinical complications, such as increased morbidity, increased hospital stays, higher hospital costs, cognitive and functional impairment, and higher mortality. POD is a clinical condition preventable by standard non-pharmacological measures An intensive Occupational Therapy (OT) intervention has been shown to be highly effective in preventing delirium in critically ill medical patients, but it is unknown the effect in surgical patients. Thus, we designed a prospective clinical study with the aim to determine whether patients undergoing intervention by the OT team have a lower incidence of POD compared to the group treated only with standard measures.MethodsA multicenter, single-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted between October 2018 and April 2021, in Santiago of Chile, at a university hospital and at a public hospital. Patients older than 75 years undergoing elective major surgery were eligible for the trial inclusion. Patients with cognitive impairment, severe communication disorder and cultural language limitation, delirium at admission or before surgery, and enrolled in another study were excluded. The intervention consisted of OT therapy twice a day plus standard internationally recommended non-pharmacological prevention intervention during 5 days after surgery. Our primary outcome was development of delirium and postoperative subsyndromal delirium.ResultsIn total 160 patients were studied. In the interventional group, treated with an intensive prevention by OT, nine patients (12.9%) developed delirium after surgery and in the control group four patients (5.5%) [p = 0.125, RR 2.34 CI 95 (0.75–7.27)]. Whereas subsyndromal POD was present in 38 patients in the control group (52.1%) and in 34 (48.6%) in the intervention group [p = 0.4, RR 0.93 CI95 (0.67–1.29)]. A post hoc analysis determined that the patient’s comorbidity and cognitive status prior to hospitalization were the main risk factors to develop delirium after surgery.DiscussionPatients undergoing intervention by the OT team did not have a lower incidence of POD compared to the group treated only with standard non-pharmacological measures in adults older than 75 years who went for major surgery.Clinical trial registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03704090.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common among elderly patients after a first hospitalized AKI. Patients who recover are at risk for recurrence, but recurrent geriatric AKI is not well-studied. Methods: This was a retrospective, 12-month cohort study using data from the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases. Recurrent AKI was defined as a new spontaneous rise of ≥ 0.3 mg/dl (≥ 26.5 µmol/L) within 48 h or a 50% increase in serum creatinine (Scr) from the baseline within 7 days after the previous AKI episode. The outcome measured was 12-month mortality. Results: Among 1711 study patients, 652 developed AKI. Of the 429 AKI survivors in whom recovery could be assessed, 314 patients recovered to their baseline renal function, and 115 patients developed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Of the group that recovered renal function, 90 patients (28.7%) subsequently developed recurrent AKI, while 224 (71.3%) did not. Of the 429 survivors with AKI, 103 patients (24.0%) died within 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that recurrent AKI was significantly associated with coronary disease (odds ratio [OR = 2.008; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.024–3.938; P = 0.042), a need for mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.265; 95% CI 1.267–4.051; P = 0.006) and high blood urea nitrogen levels (OR = 1.036; 95% CI 1.002–1.072; P = 0.040) at the first AKI event. Kaplan–Meier curves showed the 12-month survival of patients with non-recurrent AKI was better than that of patients with CKD, and survival of patients with recurrent AKI was worse than that of patients with CKD (log rank P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, mortality at 12 month was higher in the patient with recurrent AKI as compared with those with a single episode (HR = 3.375; 95% CI 2.241–5.083; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Recurrent AKI is common among elderly patients who recovered their renal function post-AKI and is associated with significantly higher 12-month mortality compared with CKD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Decisions regarding personalized treatment for brain metastases should consider the patient's lifespan, which can be estimated with survival scores. Since very elderly patients (≥80 years) are different from other patients, e.g., due to a higher comorbidity index and decreased organ functions, these patients likely benefit from specific scores. A survival score was generated in 94 patients aged ≥ 80 years who were irradiated (whole-brain radiotherapy) for metastases of the brain. The score achieved high accuracy with respect to the prediction of death up to 6 months and survival for ≥1 and ≥2 months following treatment. When compared to an existing tool, the new score was more precise regarding death ≤ 1 month following radiotherapy and survival (all time points). Therefore, the new score appears preferable. Survival scores facilitate personalized cancer treatment. Due to demographic changes, very elderly patients are more prevalent than in the past. A score was developed in 94 patients aged ≥ 80 years undergoing whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases. Dose fractionation, treatment period, age, sex, performance score (ECOG-PS), tumor type, count of lesions, metastases outside the brain, and interval tumor diagnosis to radiotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Independent predictors of survival were used for the score. Based on individual scoring points obtained from 3-month survival rates, prognostic groups were designed. Additionally, the score was compared to an existing tool developed in patients ≥ 65 years. ECOG-PS, count of lesions, and extra-cranial metastases were independent prognostic factors. Three groups were created (7, 10, and 13–16 points) with 3-month survival of 6%, 25%, and 67% (p < 0.001), respectively. Positive predictive values (PPVs) regarding death ≤ 3 and survival ≥ 3 months were 94% and 67% (new score) vs. 96% and 48% (existing tool), respectively. PPVs for survival ≥1 and ≥2 months were 88% and 79% vs. 63% and 58%, respectively. Both tools were accurate in predicting death ≤2, ≤3, and ≤6 months. The new score was more precise regarding death ≤1 month and survival (all time periods) and appeared preferable. However, it still needs to be validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Intensive induction strategies are rarely used for older patients in community on-cology practice, with comorbidities being the major cause of contraindication. We conducted a multicentric retrospective study to evaluate activity and safety in a real-life setting of hypomethylating drugs (HMAs) in patients older than 75 years with AML. In multivariate analysis, age (≥80), Charlson comorbidity index (≥3), creatinine clearance and the type of best response (≥PR) during treatment maintained independent significance in predicting survival. Furthermore, our data show that HMAs have similar efficacy compared to pivotal trials and are well tolerated in a setting of very elderly patients with several co-comorbidities. Elderly patients represent the most challenging and hard-to-treat patient population due to dismal characteristics of the disease, such as secondary-acute myeloid leukemia (AML), enrichment of unfavorable molecular genes (TP53) and comorbidities. We conducted a multicentric retrospective study to evaluate activity and safety in a real-life setting of hypomethylating drugs (HMAs) in patients older than 75 years with AML. Between September 2010 and December 2021, 220 patients were treated, 164 (74.5%) received AZAcitidine and 56 DECitabine; most patients (57.8%), received more than four cycles of HMAs. The best response obtained was CR in 51 patients (23.2%), PR in 23 (10.5%) and SD in 45 (20.5%); overall transfusion independence was obtained in 47 patients (34%), after a median of 3.5 months. The median OS (mOs) was 8 months (95% CI 5.9–10.2), with 1- and 2-years OS of 39.4% (95% CI 32.7–46) and 17.4% (95% CI 11.7–23.1), respectively; similar mOS was observed according to HMA treatment (AZA 8.3 vs. DEC 7.8 months, p = 0.810). A subset of 57 long survivors (44 in AZA group and 13 in DEC group) received at least 12 cycles of HMAs, their mOS was 24.3 months. In multivariate analysis, age (≥80), Charlson comorbidity index (≥3), creatinine clearance and the type of best response (≥PR) during treatment maintained independent significance in predicting survival. Infectious complications, most frequently pneumonia (35) and septic shock (12), were lethal in 49 patients (22.2%). Our data show that HMAs have similar efficacy compared to pivotal trials and are well tolerated in a setting of very elderly patients with several co-comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) often undergo surgery to prolong survival. However, the use of surgery, and more specifically achieving gross total resection (GTR), in patients >80 years old has yet to be fully assessed. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we aim to assess the efficacy of surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) on overall survival (OS) in very elderly GBM patients compared to elderly counterparts (age 65-79 years)., Methods: The SEER database was queried for all patients >65 years old with GBM (2000-2020). Patients not undergoing surgery or biopsy were excluded. Patients were stratified by age, and demographic relationships were assessed with chi-squared testing for categorical variables. Bivariable models were created using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. All significant variables from bivariable analysis were included on multivariable Cox survival regression models to determine independent associations between clinical variables and OS., Results: A total of 27,090 operative GBM patients were identified; 1868 patients (15.92 %) were very elderly and 10,092 patients (84.38 %) were elderly. Very elderly patients were less likely to undergo GTR (28 % vs 35 %, p<0.001), RT (59 % vs 78 %, p<0.001) and CT (40 % vs 66 %, p<0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, very elderly patients who achieved GTR (HR=.696, p<0.001), received RT (HR=0.583, p<0.001) and underwent CT (HR=0.4197, p<0.001) had significantly improved OS compared to very elderly patients that did not undergo these treatment options., Conclusion: Currently, very elderly GBM patients undergo lower rates of aggressive surgery, RT and CT. However, very elderly patients that undergo surgery, RT and CT may have a survival advantage. These treatments should be considered as potential options for this patient population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) need prophylactically antithrombotic therapies to reduce the risk of stroke. We hypothesized that the prognostic benefits of prophylactic antithrombotic therapies outweighed the bleeding risk among very elderly (≥85 years old) patients. Methods: We analyzed clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with NVAF in different age groups who had received different prophylactic antithrombotic therapies. We enrolled 3895 consecutive NVAF patients in the Macau Special Administrative Region (Macau SAR) of China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. Among 3524 patients [including 1252 (35.53%) very elderly patients] who completed the entire study, 2897 (82.21%) patients had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 2, 2274 (64.53%) had HAS-BLED score

Background: Emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly represents a global issue. Diagnosis of AA in old patients is often more difficult. Appendectomy remains the gold standard of treatment and, even though it is performed almost exclusively with a minimally invasive technique, it can still represent a great risk for the elderly patient, especially above 80 years of age. A careful selection of elderly patients to be directed to surgery is, therefore, fundamental. The primary aim was to critically appraise and compare the clinical–pathological characteristics and the outcomes between oldest old (≥ 80 years) and elderly (65–79 years) patients with Acute Appendicitis (AA). Methods: The FRAILESEL is a large, nationwide, multicentre, prospective study investigating the perioperative outcomes of patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent emergency abdominal surgery. Particular focus has been directed to the clinical and biochemical presentation as well as to the need for operative procedures, type of surgical approach, morbidity and mortality, and in-hospital length of stay. Two multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess perioperative risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Results: 182 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mean age, ileocecal resection, OAD and ASA score ≥ 3 were related with both overall and major complication. The multivariate analysis showed that MPI and complicated appendicitis were independent factors associated with overall complications. OAD and ASA scores ≥ 3 were independent factors for both overall and major complications. Conclusions: Age ≥ 80 years is not an independent risk factor for morbidities. POCUS is safe and effective for the diagnosis; however, a CECT is often needed. Having the oldest old a smaller functional organ reserve, an earlier intervention should be considered especially because they often show a delay in presentation and frequently exhibit a complicated appendicitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The relationship between age and the development and outcome of sepsis and septic shock is unclear, especially in adults. There are few studies about the incidence, prognosis and mortality rates of sepsis in elderly and very elderly patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of age on the outcome of sepsis and septic shock in elderly and very elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective observational study conducted in our medical ICU. Two hundred elderly and very elderly patients with sepsis and septic shock were included in this study. Results: The mortality rate related to sepsis and septic shock was 61.5% (123 patients). The most common site of infection was lung (56.5%, 113 patients), followed by urinary tract (35%, 70 patients). There was no significant difference between the elderly (61.2%, 82 patients) and the very elderly (62.1%, 41 patients) patients in terms of ICU mortality related to sepsis and septic shock (p>0.05). Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on ICU admission [1.195 odds ratio (OR) and 1.052-1.358 95% confidence interval (CI), p=0.006], requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation on ICU admission (4.330 OR and 1.529-12.258 95% CI, p=0.006), renal impairment at the end of the ICU follow-up (6.457 OR and 1.795-23.233 95% CI, p=0.004) and the disability to feed orally in ICU (0.064 OR and 0.018-0.226 95% CI, p=0.0001) were found as independent risk factors for ICU mortality. Conclusion: According to our study, there was no significant difference between the elderly and the very elderly ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock in terms of mortality rates. However, the presence of organ damage during ICU admission and the development of complications during ICU stay significantly affected mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ImportanceAlthough patients with acute stroke are routinely evaluated for potential treatment (ie, treatability of the stroke), preventability of the presenting stroke is generally not seriously considered.ObjectiveTo systematically analyze stroke preventability.Design, setting, and participantsWe evaluated medical records of 274 consecutive patients discharged with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke between December 2, 2010, and June 11, 2012, at the University of California Irvine Medical Center. Mean (SE) patient age was 67.2 (0.8) years. Data analysis was conducted from July 3, 2014, to August 4, 2015.ExposuresMedical records were systematically examined for demographic information, stroke risk factors, stroke severity, and acute stroke treatment.Main outcomes and measuresWe defined stroke preventability as the degree to which the patient's presenting stroke was preventable. Using variables easily determined at onset of stroke, we developed a 10-point scale (0, not preventable; 10, most preventable) to classify the degree of stroke preventability. Our focus was effectiveness of treatment of hypertension (0-2 points), hyperlipidemia (0-2 points), and atrial fibrillation (0-4 points), as well as use of antithrombotic treatment for known prior cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (0-2 points).ResultsTotal risk scores ranged from 0 to 8 (mean [SE], 2.2 [0.1]), with 207 patients (75.5%) exhibiting some degree of preventability (score of 1 or higher). Seventy-one patients (25.9%) had scores of 4 or higher, indicating that the stroke was highly preventable. Severity of stroke as determined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was not related to preventability of stroke. However, 21 of 71 patients (29.6%) whose stroke was highly preventable were treated with intravenous or intra-arterial acute stroke therapy while these treatments were provided for only 13 of 67 patients (19.4%) with scores of 0 (no preventability) and 19 of 136 patients (14.0%) with scores of 1 to 3 (low preventability) (P = .03).Conclusions and relevanceMost patients with acute stroke exhibited some degree of preventability. Preventability and treatment of stroke were significantly associated, indicating that the most preventable strokes paradoxically were more likely to receive acute treatment.

Globally, hypertension is a common problem in the elderly, and its prevalence increases with increasing age. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) subset is more common in the very elderly population, and as the population ages, its prevalence will rise more and more. In the past, treatment of hypertension (HT) in the very elderly was controversial and either no treatment or complications of treatment risk overweigh the benefits observed. The inclusion of elders in various clinical trials has demonstrated a better understanding and rational approach toward optimal management of HT. Systolic blood pressure (BP) is more important in predicting adverse cerebrovascular outcomes and decline in renal function in elderly patients with ISH. Early detection, protection of target organs, correction of high BP will develop, promote, and corroborate healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective: There is very limited information about the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the very elderly. Here we aimed to analysed the effect of CPAP on a clinical cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ≥80 years old.Methods: Post-hoc pooled analysis of two open-label, multicenter clinical trials aimed to determine the effect of CPAP in a consecutive clinical cohort of elderly (≥70 years old) with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hipopnea index ≥15 events/hour) randomized to receive CPAP or no CPAP for three months. Those consecutive patients ≥80 years old were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the change in Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS). Secondary outcomes included sleep-related symptoms, quality of life, neurocognitive and mood status as well as office blood pressure measurements.Results: From the initial 369 randomized individuals with ≥70 years, 97 (26.3%) with ≥80 years old were included (47 in the CPAP group and 50 in the no-CPAP group). The mean (SD) age was 81.5 (2.4) years. Average use of CPAP was 4.3 (2.6) hours/night (53% with good adherence) Patients in the CPAP group significantly improved snoring and witnessed apneas as well as AHI (from 41.9 to 4.9 events/hour). However no clinical improvements were seen in ESS (-1.2 points, 95%CI, 0.2 to -2.6), any domain of QSQ, any neurocognitive test, OSA-related symptoms, depression/anxiety or blood pressure levels.Conclusions: The present study does not support the use of CPAP in very elderly patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kunhao Bai,1,2,* Rui Chen,2,* Fanghong Lu,3 Yingxin Zhao,3 Yujing Pan,4 Fang Wang,2 Luxia Zhang2,5,6 1Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China; 5National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Peking University, Center for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Luxia Zhang Email zhanglx@bjmu.edu.cnPurpose: In prior analyses, blood pressure (BP) was related to rapid kidney function decline (RKFD). However, studies of this relationship in populations of advanced age are lacking. In the present study, we therefore examined the relationship between BP and RKFD in a population of 284 hypertensive Chinese individuals over the age of 80.Patients and Methods: All study participants were diagnosed with hypertension (systolic BP [SBP] 160– 200 mmHg; diastolic BP [DBP] < 110 mmHg). RKFD was defined based upon a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 5mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year during follow-up. The Cox regression models (competing risk models) were used for calculating hazard ratios (HRs) to examine the relationship between SBP, DBP, pulse pressure (PP) and RKFD.Results: Over a 3.3-year median follow-up period, 68 study participants (23.9%) were diagnosed with RKFD, while 35 (12.3%) died. After adjusting for confounding variables, we determined that each 10 mmHg rise in SBP and PP was associated with a 34% and 110% increase, respectively, in RKFD risk (adjusted HR: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05– 1.71 for SBP, p=0.02; HR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.87– 5.08 for PP, p=0.10). In addition, we determined that each 10 mmHg increase in DBP was linked to a 10% reduction in RKFD risk (adjusted HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.70– 1.14, p=0.37).Conclusion: Our results indicate that SBP, but not DBP or PP, is positively correlated with RKFD risk in a very elderly hypertensive Chinese population.Keywords: blood pressure, rapid kidney function decline, very elderly, China

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term survival rates of very elderly (age ≥80) critically ill patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a regional tertiary-care hospital in Korea. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who survived after discharged from the MICU of our hospital. Survival rates at 90 days, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were assessed between patients age ≥80 and those age

Abstract Background Statins play an important role in the care of patients with cardiovascular disease and have a good safety record in clinical practice. Hepatotoxicity is a barrier that limits the ability of primary care physicians to prescribe statins for patients with elevated liver transaminase values and/or underlying liver disease. However, limited population-based data are available on the use of statin therapy and on the hepatotoxicity of statins in very elderly patients. This prospective study evaluated the liver enzyme elevation during statin therapy in very elderly patients (≥80 years old). Methods Patients with hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C levels ≥3.4 and