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This article outlines a cognitive system approach to methodology, with special emphasis on the system's with special emphasis on the system's hierarchical properties, and with the detail provided by various empirical works on response processes, simulation modeling of cognition, belief systems, and artificial intelligence, and then further elaborates it in commenting on a recent paper by G. Marwell and J. Hage. The approach taken here is thus also in accord with a strategy frequently argued by measurement theorists, e.g. D.A.S. Fraser, that a black box strategy should re discarded in favour of attempts at constructing more comprehensive models, J.L. Zinnes, that the distinction between measurement models and substantive theoretical models should be abolished, or P. Abeli, attempting to construe measurement within the fabric of social science theory and not merely as a methodological addendum, to take some recent examples. The cognitive structure or memory is, assumed to be an internal representation, a model, of the world, including the person himself and of course also the social structure of which he is a part.