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The article focuses on Scandinavian sociology. Sociology in the Scandinavian countries that is Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden does not have its roots in national traditions of speculative theorizing about the nature of man and society. The absence of a long intellectual history of significant social philosophy and macrosociological speculation is a conspicuous feature of the four countries. This characteristic of both Scandinavian sociology and the Scandinavian societies can to some extent be explained sociologically. To state that Scandinavian sociology does not rest on national traditions of social speculation is not to say that sociology in these four countries is without national roots. It is, however, striking that the forerunners of present-day sociology belonged to a strongly empirical tradition. In all four Scandinavian countries there is a long and honorable record of studies in government, statistics, social welfare, and ethnography dealing with sociological problems. When sociology in its present form was established at the Scandinavian universities after World War II, it developed in an academic milieu with a strongly positivistic orientation.

Presents a study of the growth of political geographic thought in Germany. Analysis of the German intellectual history; Nazi defeat; Trends of political geographic thought emanating from other nations in Middle Europe.

Studies the subject of public address in social and intellectual history. Analysis of the social environment that gives rise to different ideas; Delineation of the American intellectual tradition; Interaction between the individual mind of the speaker and the collective mind of the audience; Approaches to the history and criticism of public address.