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The results reported in this paper may be summarized briefly as follows: 1. In attitude toward self-reliance the present groups from the three home situations, the farm, the town, and the city, did not differ significantly from each other. Mothers and fathers also scored, on the average, essentially the same. The town mothers had the most favorable and the town fathers had the least favorable attitudes of any of the sub-groups. The groups, however, were too small for the differences to be statistically reliable. 2. In general, fathers who participated in this study did not differ from the mothers in attitude toward parental control versus freedom for high-school-age children. Definite differences did appear, however, between parents of the different home situations. Farm parents, in general, had the least favorable attitude and city parents had the most favorable attitude. This is explainable in part at least in the case of the mothers, in terms of differences in formal education and training. 3. Correlations between scores of the 50 parent pairs who returned completed sets of test papers were -.73 and -.66 for attitude toward self-reliance and attitude toward parental control respectively. These coefficients are exceptionally high, due, quite probably to the fact that this was not entirely an unselected group. These mothers made somewhat more favorable scores on both tests than the total mothers' group. 4. There was revealed a very slight tendency for attitude toward self-reliance in mothers to be associated with the development in their children of two sorts of self-reliance, i.e., independence of judgment in personal problems and resourcefulness in the group situation. There was also a suggestion of a relationship between this parental attitude in mothers and adequacy of personal adjustment, and also between this attitude in fathers and appreciation of home life in children. 5. Attitude toward adolescent freedom versus parental control in both fathers and mothers was very slightly associated with independence in personal matters in children. When the standard scores of each parent pair were averaged and correlated with "independence," the resulting coefficient was .30±.08. Since farm parents averaged lowest and city parents averaged highest in this attitude it was tentatively concluded that for the development of self-reliance, in the sense of independence in meeting personal problems, the city home situation was the most favorable and the farm home situation the least favorable of the three studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on a study which was designed first to compare the attitude of individuals not incarcerated toward the ten commandments with the attitude of those who are imprisoned for some criminal offense. The second objective was to investigate the relative inherent importance of the ten commandments. The technique employed in securing the data was rather simple. The ten commandments were printed in random order on separate sheets of paper with the following instructions at the top of the page. These sheets were distributed to 148 mid-west college students; to 200 prisoners in the Illinois State Penitentiary at Joliet; to 145 boys in the Illinois State Reformatory at Pontiac; and to 31 parents. The combined totals of ranks for each group provided the data for constructing a scale for measuring the attitude of each group toward the ten commandments. By placing the 10 commandments on an objective scale it was possible to measure the difference in attitude between various groups of individuals. This technique also provides a method for determining the relative importance of each commandment.

The main goal of this paper is to describe general trends of social mobility in Yugoslavia. In so far as available sources allow, the vertical aspect of mobility will be stressed and more attention will be paid to intergenerational movements than to intragenerational ones. The description of the main lines of mobility is based on the data collected by the Pilot census of the Yugoslav population which was carried out in April 1960. This source has been combined with and checked by, wherever it was possible, the data of an investigation of the Institute of Social Sciences into the structure and mobility of the Yugoslav working class. Researchers tried to utilize some other sources of Yugoslav official statistics in the discussion of particular mobility problems. As mentioned before, the main source for the analysis of gross intergenerational mobility was the 1960 Pilot census of population. It had a subsample wherein all inhabitants above the age of 14 years were requested to give the information about the occupation and school attainment of their father and mother. In order to be able to measure the distance of intergenerational movements, respondents were asked to state parental occupations at the time when their parents had supported them. In cases when someone other than their parents supported them, respondents were asked to state the latter's occupation and education.

Because of its relevance to Freudian theory a set of data was examined to ascertain whether or not the absence from the home of the same sex parent was associated with less than average progress of the offspring in courtship. For the men the evidence supported this hypothesis to the five per cent level of significance. For the women the evidence was in contradiction to the hypothesis, but the difference was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If increase in repressed "Oedipal" hostilities produces increase in social-political radicalism, then scores on tests of the two variables should have a high, positive coefficient of correlation. To test this hypothesis, 109 male students from University of Missouri General Psychology classes were given a battery of Thurstone and Remmers scales designed to measure social- political radicalism, and a "Group Projection Test," based on the TAT and objectively scored, designed to measure repressed "Oedipal" hostility. The coefficient of correlation between the social radicalism score and the GPT (repressed hostility) score was The major conclusion of this study is that the "Oedipal" theory of attitude development is incapable of accounting for the experimental results, and must be rejected. A new hypothesis is proposed, which suggests that the direction of socal attitudes is determined by the nature of the adjustive mechanisms relating to the Oedipus complex and to the social climate, while the degree of radicalism or conservatism is related to the amount of repressed Oedipal hostility. In a sense, this hypothesis bridges the gap between the analytically and behavioristically oriented viewpoints. The writer hopes that other experimenters will study the hypothesis with more refined techniques than he was able to devise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that compares the effects of lax and strict home training. For this study 230 graduate students in education voluntarily filled out elaborate self-description blanks. They were asked some 200 questions which could be answered with Yes or No. A check on the frankness of answer may be made from 16 items in which more or less shameful acknowledgments were required. In general, 90% admitted having told lies, 95% confessed to having been irritated by their parents, 75% were at times reluctant to go to school, 50% had cheated on examinations, 50% had thoughts of suicide, 25% had childhood sex experiences and about the same proportion had such experiences at adolescence. The combative attitudes developed in relation to parents were apparently carried out into other relationships. As a consequence of the hatred of parents, the combativeness, and the dependence, the group from strict homes was much more apt to be socially maladjusted than were those from lax homes. A general characteristic of the strict-home group was their tendency to guilt, worry and anxiety.

The article presents a deterministic model designed to trace the consequences of the depletion of eligibles by previous acceptance when the other two factors, namely the age composition of parents and the disposition to accept among eligibles, are both held constant. Principal findings are that the decrease of eligibles by past acceptance can cause temporary declines in the number of new acceptors or current users, even when the disposition to accept among eligibles and the continuation rate among users are both held constant. Similarly, prior acceptance may alter the age composition of eligibles toward younger ages and by that means alone produce declines in the mean age of new acceptors and, more rarely, in the mean age of current users. Hence without further data one cannot legitimately infer an increased interest in spacing births as opposed to limiting their number merely from evidence of a decline in acceptors' ages. The article also says that a capacity to substitute an arbitrary initial age distribution for a stable one in order to allow for the fact that in many developing nations net migration or rapid mortality decline has or is about to increase the number of young parents relative to older parents, thereby intensifying at least temporarily the decline in acceptor's ages.

Presents the results of a questionnaire study of the attitude of parents on the aspects of a school program. Focus on the lack of interest of parents in school affairs; Information on discussion programs prepared by the Speech Department at the State University of Utah.