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This article focuses on the personality structure of Chinese college students in Taiwan and Hong Kong, China. It is generally recognized that the social environment in which a person lives usually imposes on him certain awarenesses that may influence or alter his values, beliefs, attitudes toward self and others, or his style of life. The present paper reports the use of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire in a study of a sample of Chinese college students in two different educational and social environments--specifically, in a study of personality differences between Taiwan and Hong Kong college students. The Taiwan subjects included 159 males and 139 females enrolled at Taiwan Provincial Normal University, while the Hong Kong subjects were 93 males and 165 females attending Chu-hai College, Kowloon. The translated items were again rechecked and modified by the consensus of several Chinese social scientists. Within the female group, eight of the personality differences exceeded the 0.05 level of significance, while five of the male personality comparisons exceeded the 0 .05 level.