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This paper suggests significant processes associated with regional industrial change. Particular emphasis is given to the sensitivity of an open regional economy to shifts in external trade relationships and the ability of management to assess and adapt to the changing forces influencing theft industries. The case study of Northern Ireland between 1950 and 1968 attempts to explain the transition followed by the leading older industries and why certain alternative paths for regional transition were followed. A recurrent theme is the crucial role played by the regional government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information about the book "Leaders and Workers," edited by J.W. Boyle. This is the reprint of nine lectures, eight biographies of Irish labor leaders and one summary, given as aperies over Radio Eireann in 1961. This is, perhaps, all the more remarkable since the outstanding impression is one of the discontinuities in Irish labor history. Print and paper are atrocious, but as a perceptive survey, the volume may still be worth the money.

The article deals with the recent widespread increase in marriage rates in the Western world. A convenient method of studying aspects of the recent history of marriage is provided by easily available data regarding the proportion of single persons at various dates. The article uses these data to disentangle two effects in the marriage boom: the extent to which the cohorts whose marriages have formed the main contribution to the marriage boom are marrying more, i.e. whether the proportion who will ultimately remain single is likely to be lower than in previous generations, the extent to which the mean age at marriage of these generations is likely to fall below that of their predecessors. The raw material for the computations to be presented consists of the proportions single at two recent dates for each of thirteen countries used in the study. The countries included in the study are Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. The study from the proportion single shows that both reduction in the age at marriage and an increase in the proportion marrying at least once in the course of their lives is occurring in several countries.

This article focuses on the construction costs of Irish railways during the years 1830-1853. The standard history of Irish railways, however, completely ignores the crucial factor of construction costs, making no attempt to examine capital accounts, or to assess the importance of a single engineer or contractor during the period under review. This article attempts to repair this omission by surveying the construction cost of the 17 lines open in 1853. It must, however, be emphasized that the difficulties noted in his important article which breaks down the costs of English lines, apply also to Ireland. As all companies presented their accounts differently, and as it is not possible to vouch for the accuracy of every item in every account, according to the author's estimates are more concerned with getting the orders of magnitude right than in striving towards the spurious accuracy of decimal places. The speed with which projects were promoted in the mania atmosphere of 1836 and 1845 did not always allow time for proper surveys of the proposed routes. The companies themselves were thus partly responsible for incurring unnecessary preliminary expenditure.

The Coffey still is an apparatus for distilling concentrated alcohol from dilute aqueous solutions; the process, which is continuous, is employed for the production of spirit on the large scale. Patented in 1830, the Coffey still has been one of the most enduringly successful inventions of an age of invention and stands unrivalled today as the most efficient apparatus for the purpose for which it was devised. One striking development has been the increase in size of the still: the largest stills built by Aeneas Coffey, the inventor, had a capacity of 3000 gallons of wash per hour: at the present time distillers are using giant Coffey stills with a capacity seven times that amount. Coffey made his first stills for distillers in Ireland: in 1833 there were at least seven in use there, but he shortly afterwards transferred his manufactory to London in order to supply the potentially wider market that existed in Great Britain. He had seen for himself, when on a tour as Inspector-General in 1820 and 1821, how the distilling industry differed in the three countries of Great Britain. Ironically enough, the firm of Coffey does not appear to have shared in the prevailing prosperity, but rather to have entered on a period of decline. An account book has survived from this period, covering the years 1856 to 1861.

Trend surface models and block size analysis of variance of drumlins in County Down, Ireland, indicate nonrandomness at three scales. At a regional scale drumlin density rises from the inner margin of the field to a maximum in the center, and then declines towards the terminal zone of the ice sheet. Alternating zones of high and low drumlin density, approximately three kilometers in width and oriented perpendicular to ice movement, appear to underlie the regional trend surface. Drumlins also appear to cluster at a linear scale of one kilometer. Variations in stress conditions, and in debris load at the base of the ice sheet, may explain these patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers a group of proposed models of Irish county marriage rates. The model presented and tested in this article approaches the topic of nuptiality by studying the inter-county variation in marriage rates in one country over an inter-censal period. This approach has no discussion of the factors that are responsible for national marriage customs but facilitates the specification of a more detailed model of marriage rates and allows to study the male and female marriage rates as separate but interrelated aspects of nuptiality. The low level of Irish nuptiality is usually explained in terms of conservative religious practice and unfavorable economic conditions. There is a great deal of variation between Irish counties in regard to their present-day marriage patterns. The west of Ireland exhibits much lower nuptiality than the East, and the contrast is greater for males than for females. Male rates appear to increase under more favorable economic conditions, as measured by country income per person, while female rates appear to be lowered by increased female participation in the labor force. In addition to these influences on male and female rates, a recursive model in which there is a one-way influence from male to female rates, and a simultaneous-equation model, in which male and female rates are fully interdependent, were tested and were particularly satisfactory.

The article talks about the state of education in Ireland and the integration of European countries. A report of the Council of Education on the primary school's curriculum, which is centered on religious doctrine, reading and writing in Irish and English and arithmetic, is offered. The relationship between the schools and the state laid down in the 1937 Constitution of Ireland is discussed. It also discusses the rules and programs for secondary schools, the need to examine the relationship between education and economic progress, the study of European languages, and the dissemination of knowledge about the new Europe.

Presents information on the narration used by the Irish novelist James Joyce in the novels written by him. Reputation of Joyce among the other novelists; Career background of Joyce; Interests of Joyce in writing about the Irish and English orators; Conclusions drawn from the review of his early life.

Presents a speech by assistant professor of speech at the University of Washington in Washington Robert M. Post on Irish defense against English by member of parliament Charles Stewart Parnell during nineteenth century. Reference to some of the significant public speeches of Parnell; Purpose of Parnell's speech before the U.S. Congress; Major ideas of Parnell' speech before the U.S. Congress.

Discusses the parliamentary practices adopted by Irish political party, Fourth Party. Parliamentary situation in 1880; Strategical methods of the party; Category of invective and abuse employed by the Fourth Party.