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The paper focuses on political change and assumes that education in Nigeria, as elsewhere in the world, will be expected to contribute to political reconstruction. The limitations of schooling for planned political socialization is analyzed. Although the paper's observations refer particularly to Nigeria, they are meant to apply generally to the relationship between school and society in any nation. It also discusses obstacles from several sources to using the schools as an instrument for political change that also cast serious doubt on their availability for such efforts.

African Ranches Ltd., a subsidiary of a Liverpool firm which later became part of the United Africa Company, was the only private cattle ranching enterprise ever established in Northern Nigeria. The company operated a 16,000-acre ranch in western Bornu province from 1914 until 1923, when it was given up to the government. Although ranching was officially discouraged, for a time it looked as though it might succeed. The vicissitudes of this early ranching scheme are chronicled in this paper, with data coming principally from the National Archives in Kaduna and Ibadan, Nigeria. and the Public Record Office, London. Although this is an historical study of a unique enterprise, it offers instructive comparison with recent state-owned ranches in Nigeria and elsewhere in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on the indigenous conditions of mixed cropping in Nigeria. Reason behind the difficulty experienced by extension agents in convincing farmers to change to a sole crop strategy; Factors that determine the types of crops grown in any area; Type of cropping that farmers use in areas faced by a marked seasonal distribution of rainfall.

The article discusses Nigeria's Universal Free Primary Education Scheme and its problem concerning the supply of teachers. Statistics showing the sudden increase in enrolment in Nigeria since 1946, particularly in the primary schools, are presented. This sudden increase raised administrative and financial problems, one of which is the problem in teacher supply. The categories of teachers embraced by the Nigerian teaching profession in its ranks are discussed. The requirements and qualifications for teacher certifications in order to join the teaching profession at each level are offered.

The paper attempts to glean some information on differential fertility from data obtained in a survey of selected urban and rural communities in Western Nigeria. The results show that the attitudes of rural women are far more favourable to high fertility than those of urban women, though for both the groups model number of children preferred is five or six. The analysis also yields a total fertility of nearly six and an average family size of about live for both groups. No conclusive evidence of rural-urban fertility differentials has, however, been found. All that can he said on the basis of the available data is that the level of fertility in Western Nigeria is currently very high and that urban fertility is probably as high as rural fertility, though the probability of much larger errors in the rural than in the urban data may imply somewhat higher rural fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the sport culture of Nigeria. The cultural attribute of sport refer to those physical and mental activities and traditions engaged in for fun and exercise. The cultural aspects have ever been omitted in most of the literature of cultural and physical anthropology. Now, it is accepted that the influence of sport in modern industrial society is particularly important. A nation's play, suggestively, is very revealing of its society and values, and other facets of political and economic life. In Nigeria, there are many traditional sports, including wrestling, folk dancing, swimming, horse-racing, hunting, and boxing. These sports feature prominently in cultural activities such as the funeral rites of significant persons, new yam festivals, initiation to manhood and "Argungu" festivals. The degree to which the different ethnic groups practice the above sports depends on religious beliefs, geographic locations, and availability of natural facilities. Traditional sports are by and large practiced in the villages. The social position of women in Nigeria greatly influences their participation in sports. The place of sport in education in Nigeria is better reflected through the physical education programs in the schools.

Acquiescent response bias continues to plague survey research, especially among less educated respondents and among respondents who are less familiar with interviewing and questionnaire methods. The failure of studies to test or control for acquiescence is often due to practical and theoretical limitations of the existing acquiescent measures. A short and convenient transitive index of acquiescence which avoids many of these limitations has been proposed and illustrated with survey data collected from a sample of 591 young men in Kano, Nigeria. The index, validated on the basis of differences in mean scores on sets of Likert and matched non-Likert items worded separately in "modern" and "traditional" directions, has proven useful in testing for spurious and masked relationships due to acquiescent bias. It should be emphasized that the specific items comprising the transitive index in this study are illustrative; a different set or sets of items following the basic transitive principle could be constructed to fit other survey situations. It would be useful to investigate the possibility of constructing a transitive index general enough to be used in different studies, thus permitting comparison of patterns and effects of acquiescence. Such a general index would facilitate and encourage the inclusion of acquiescent response assessment as a routine part of survey research, as well as the study of the acquiescent phenomenon in itself. In the meantime the study specific transitive index proposed here hopefully provides a useful and convenient addition to the tools of the survey researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neither a deduction from Bird's Anyport model nor the port-outport model completely explains the shifting location of Nigerian seaports from the interior to the coast, then back to the interior, and most recently back to the coast. The western and eastern Niger Delta and the Lagos and Calabar areas show broadly the same sequence of changes, despite their differences in physical structure. Sociopolitical influences, changes in the volume and nature of traffic , and technological developments in transport are the major determinants of shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shifting agriculture and the carrying capacity of the land are critically important in developing tropical areas. Signs of breakdown in shifting agricultural systems, such as decreasing crop yield and soil fertility, have long been recognized. Among the Tiv another indication of breakdown is manifest when proved cropping sequences are deliberately altered. The first dot map of Tiv population depicts high densities in the south-central part of the division, and the annual rate of increase of population among the Tiv is calculated at a little more than three percent. The areas of high population density display evidence of a degraded environment, and in these same areas a new crop rotational sequence has evolved. This altered cropping pattern, known as "bugh bu," appears to be the result of the carrying capacity of the land being exceeded; it is found in areas with population densities of about 400 per square mile (154.4 per square kilometer). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the spread of Anti-natal knowledge and practice in Nigeria. Although there is no evidence of any fall in Nigerian fertility from the very high levels obtaining, there is evidence of the knowledge and practice of both contraception an