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The article explores the Affair of the Pentagon Papers concerning the "dead issue" of the Vietnam War. It asserted that the Papers bear reach evidence that parts of the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) felt that economic and political pressures at home were preventing the U.S. government from taking the steps that were physically within its powers, to smash the rising Vietnamese resistance. It stated that the writing of an internal history of the war could expose the foolishness of the State Department and the uniformed military while avoiding any head-on attack upon existing policy.

The article discusses the issues concerning the access to official papers in Great Britain. The Prime Minister stated that there is a reduction in the access to public documents from fifty to thirty years. The author presents several implications of the changes in policy in the conduct of research and teaching in public administration. Since the Prime Minister's statements in 1966, the Civil Service Department has been established and a major development in training under the direction of the new Civil Service College is under way. furthermore, the author presents the limitations to the access of public documents for training and academic purposes.

The article presents a critique of a study by Albert H. Cox and Ralph F. Leach called "Defensive Open Market Operations and the Reserve Settlement Periods of Member Banks" that appears in this issue of the journal. In their original paper Cox and Leach presented the benefits of using a longer and staggered bank reserve averaging period that would be implemented by the U.S. Federal Reserve System. The author finds fault with their claim that the change would save labor because the reviewer feels that it would actually change the dynamic between central banks and bank credit and that central banks would convolute open market operations to maintain control.

Although the idea of federal intervention in an increasing number of domestic areas still evokes spirited debate in some circles, the case for an active federal role on behalf of some of our most cherished institutions, such as marriage and the family, can be persuasively made. Today with federal expansion into nearly every sector of the domestic scene, more moneys are appropriated for H.E.W. and H.U.D. than any other national agencies. However, governmental inattention to directly assisting marriage and family life has been regretably inadequate. Rapid advancement into a post-industrial society has jettisoned marital and familial units into ill-adapting systems characterized by stress-overload, bewilderment, hostility, and isolation. While there have been promptings for direct environmental regulation for children and families, these efforts have been thwarted by sporadic pressure, and insufficient and uninfluential advocacy. The institution of marriage has been nearly excluded from concern. This paper suggests a reexamination of governmental involvement, and after a careful analysis of pertinent research on marriage and family support systems, proposes the creation of a cabinet-status U. S. Department of Marriage and the Family. The historical background, rationale, constitutionality, and political opportuneness of the proposed department are discussed, and its seven major functions are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights a symposium on program evaluation. For a number of reasons program evaluation has become an important subject for public administration. In the first place people have become more concerned with keeping government accountable. In varying degrees existing means for providing accountability have been found wanting. Techniques of program evaluation have been used increasingly in this area. Despite the wide interest in program evaluation there are not a great many sources one can turn to for information on the subject. Program evaluation is of concern to both executive and legislative branches, to auditing agencies and management. Both auditing agencies and managers need program evaluation, although not necessarily of the same kind or for the same purposes. The symposium has attempted to draw on practitioners rather than academicians so that the papers will largely indicate what is happening in the field. The symposium has included papers from both the U.S. Office of Management and the U.S. General accounting Office.

In this paper we examine the effects of the policies of wage and price restraint that have at various times been employed in Britain since 1945. We have taken the two-equation model that has been studied extensively in the context of data for both the United Kingdom and the United States,[2] and have assumed that, although far from perfect, this model will be a good enough statistical description of wage and price inflation to allow it to catch any major influence of wage and price restraints. In order to see how the potential effects of incomes policies should be specified in this two-equation model, we are forced to examine the derivation of the equations in some detail. In this process we discover that shift dummies which have been used by other investigators[3] to catch the effects of incomes policies are inappropriate and that their use can give rise to misleading results. After conducting tests more satisfactory than those employing shift dummies, we conclude that the data are not inconsistent with the view that wage and price restraints have usually been ineffective in restraining inflation, and also that the restraints have sometimes actually had the effect of raising the rate of inflation above what it would otherwise have been. This perverse effect is very noticeable in the most recent periods of "restraint" since 1966. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to assess the adequacy of the British unemployment data in the light of these criteria, looking mainly at the period 1966-1970. It attempts both to define the main gaps and shortcomings in the evidence, and to present the record of change where the evidence is stronger.
The main weaknesses of the statistics are as follows: They have seriously underestimated the downturn in the labor market since 1966. They give a misleading picture of the industrial incidence of the fall in the demand for labor since 1966. Finally they do not give us information on unemployment rates by skill level, information needed because other evidence clearly shows that the specific unemployment rate for the unskilled is much higher than the general rate. After looking at other areas in which the data are stronger the paper closes with some suggestions for improving the statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on immigration into Australia after the Second World War. Between 1947 and 1956, over one million immigrants arrived in Australia. This represents an average annual increase of about 1.1 per cent in the total population of the continent. With the exception of Israel, the rate at which these immigrants poured in was the highest of any country. Sustained immigration, plus the equally fast natural growth of about 1.3 per cent annually, should result in a total population of 10 million in about 1960. In 1946, similar to Great Britain's White Paper on full employment, the Commonwealth government of Australia issued its White Paper on Employment. This paper established high and stable employment as the principal objective of economic policy. The original immigration policy has hardly at all been considered in relation to the full employment goal of the Welfare State. In fact, economic motivation became prominent only after humanitarian and national defense reasons of the early post-war Operation Welcome more or less ran out.

This article presents a response to the comments made by scholar Tervor Lummis on the paper "Charles Booth and Labor Colonies in 1889-1905." Lummis directly or indirectly raises some general points, discussion of which was limited by lack of space in the original article. His position is unclear, especially on the relationship between scholar Charles Booth's views and those of his contemporaries. He seems to accept, if only by implication, that Edwardian legislation was molded by distinctive moral assumptions; that a major influence behind it was the discussion of policy by those whose social investigations had given them the status of acknowledged experts; and that in their views a preoccupation with the effects of environment on character can be seen. He appears at times to suggest that Booth, in spite of the deference paid to him and the constant reference to his work, was isolated from contemporary opinion by his greater objectivity. Nevertheless, Lummis does discuss Booth's influence, which he sees almost entirely in traditional terms: it ended the confusion between moral and social problems and supplied new economic criteria for the determination of policy.

The article focuses on the research paper "Government Sponsorship of Medical Research: A Symposium." The discussion includes observations on the various government agencies and areas in which medical research has a sound grounding. The implications for libraries, in terms of reports and publications, records and record systems, exchange of information, and evaluation are made by the participants.

The theoretical analysis set forth in Section I shows that while the capital controls programs initially improve the balance of payments, this initial effect can be reversed after a time. The dynamic simulations over the period 1965:2- 1970:4 presented in Section II suggest the estimate of the control's effect in the initial year is an improvement of approximately $4.5 billion in the liquidity balance. Also, the effects are estimated to diminish gradually and continuously to an annual rate of some $2.8 billion after 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents commentary and criticism on the financial reports "U.S. Direct Investment in Canada: Consequences For the U.S. Economy," by Raymond Vernon, and "Perspectives on Foreign Direct Investment From the Viewpoint of a Capital Receiving Country," by A. E. Safarain, both included within the issue. The conclusions reached by both articles suggesting that economic theory has no means to measure net economic impacts of foreign direct investment and that government controls are necessary to monitor the phenomena are discussed further, suggesting means to unilaterally address both challenges.

Inflation, Unemployment and Incomes Policy. The paper reviews the Report and, tangentially, the published research studies of the Canadian Prices and Incomes Commission. Questions are raised about parts of the Report's analysis concerned with the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment, with the insulating power of a flexible exchange rate, with welfare implications of unemployment and inflation, and with the impact of incomes policy on expectations and on economic stability. The Report's recommendation of a "temporary" incomes policy seems based upon the simple assertion that demand management alone will not suffice to control inflation and that other subsidiary policies will not help whereas incomes policy will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on five books on foreign policy. Some of the books are: "Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers"; "Documents on International Affairs," edited by Noble Frankland; "Canada in World Affairs: 1953-1955," by Donald C. Masters; "Understanding Foreign Policy," by Saul K. Padover and "A Guide to United States Foreign Policy," By Gerard J. Mangone.

The author discusses social and economic policies in Great Britain as of April 1964, arguing that social services have not been increased to match advancements in living standards. Topics include the health, education, and transportation services provided by a welfare state, economic conditions and growth in Great Britain, capacity bottlenecks, and a Government White Paper on Public Expenditure. Challenges in hospital construction, income distribution, and educational expansion are described. Taxation policy, public spending policy, and government planning are emphasized.

Proceeding from the premise that governmental policy inevitably reflects a position with respect to the family as a social institution, this paper attempts to describe some of the current explicit and implicit components of this policy as well as factors which have contributed to its development. A position is developed that government policy with respect to the family should be made more visible and clearly articulated. A final section suggests some guide lines for the formulation of this policy as well as strategies for its realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 1959, the author, representing the Bureau of Social Science Research of Washington, D.C., arrived in the newly created Kingdom of Laos to begin a cross-section study of political information and attitudes in that country. The Royal Government of Laos, through its Ministry of Information, made the study possible by its offer of personnel, communication and transportation facilities, and most important of all, by the assurance of government cooperation and sanction in all parts of that diverse country. This paper is an account of some of the field problems encountered by a researcher, entering a newly developing country where research of this nature had not ever been done previously.

The article discusses the governmental farm policies as a zero-sum game in which one segment, commercial farmers, gains while another segment, farm labor and rural people, lose. Evaluation research is a neglected area of sociology. Methodology and skills in conducting evaluative research need improvement. Sociologists can make contributions to measuring goal accomplishments and explaining the process by which the program objectives are established and the program is implemented. Sociological knowledge should have utility in goal formation. Sociologists have envied the money measure used by economists. They are only now seriously searching for indicators or standards by which to compare returns or payoffs to various segments of society. They usually arrive at "quality of social relationships" or "improved life's chances" but these are multi-dimensional and not easy to quantify. Rural sociologists have been oriented primarily to build a body of knowledge and to discipline problems, rather than to undertake research on the problems of the rural society. Analysis of farm policies would require a focus on current rural societal problems.

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The paper discusses the factors and issues related to the personnel mobility in government agencies of the U.S. The author focuses on the central policy considerations likely to be faced in any wideranging effort to manage mobility in the public service more effectively at all levels. The author refers to the National Conference on Mobility in Public Service, addressed by the American Society for Public Administration at Arden House, Harriman, New York. According to the author certain baseless assumptions were taken in the conference. As freedom of movement is a basic democratic value, it was therefore taken for granted that only a national crisis accompanied by almost total consensus would warrant the solution of mobility problems by such devices as restricted occupational choice, arbitrarily channeled education, forced labor, and so on. Talking about the geographical mobility in the U.S., the author says that the rural-urban migration is continuing to result in drastic reduction of the farm population.

Major changes in the legislation relating to the nationalized transport industry are proposed in the Transport Bill published in December 1967. Among these changes is a new approach to the problem of unremunerative passenger railway services, and it is this particular change which is the subject of the present paper. Of course, the change in policy was evolved over a period of time, in fact from late 1964 to the publication of the White Paper Railway Policy in November 1967: the Bill is merely the formal conclusion of this rethinking process. In this paper we shall outline the changing policy since 1962 on the closure of passenger services, and changes in the machinery for deciding on railway closure proposals. This will lead to an examination of how far the final outcome amounts to a consistent, operational policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the comments made on the paper "Charles Booth and Labor Colonies in 1889-1905," by John Brown. The paper is, in the words of the author is concerned with one aspect of scholar Charles Booth's work, his ideas on unemployment. More generally, it is an attempt to describe and explain some of the neglected moral assumptions behind the discussion of policy. The paper is also intended as a contribution to a necessary revaluation of the climate of opinion in which the great social legislation of the 1905 Liberal government occurred. The essence of the paper is that late Victorian and Edwardian social policy was not, as is usually assumed, based upon non-doctrinaire empirical investigation; that in fact the investigations of Booth, and of those he influenced, are compromised by their unawareness of their own preconceptions and therefore they lapsed into moral attitudes which influenced their analyses of the problems under investigation. This has largely escaped the attention of historians, who tend to ignore problems surrounding the role of value judgments. It is this neglected question of value judgments, particularly with reference to Booth, that is to be considered here.

The article focuses on a procedural aspect of the war on poverty, namely the role of the office of economic opportunity as coordinator of the antipoverty war. While coordination is a procedural task, it has clear implications for the substance and impact of public policy. Coordination involves the common direction of policies or programs to eliminate conflicts and divergencies and to insure their focus on a common goal for its better attainment.

Information about several papers discussed at the meetings of various chapters of the United Chapters of the Alpha Kappa Delta in the U.S. is presented. Officers of each chapters are always concerned on the growth of the fraternity, election of new officers and acceptance of new members. The meetings featured several speakers including Dr. Leon Ellis.

This paper is concerned with the use of spectral analysis to analyze data generated by computer simulation experiments with models of economic systems. An example model serves to illustrate two different applications of spectral analysis. First, spectral analysis is used to construct confidence bands and to test hypotheses for the purpose of comparing the results of the use of two or more alternative economic policies. Second, spectral analysis is employed as a technique for validating an econometric model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note has two purposes: first, to provide the balance-of-payments argument missing in the analyses of the wage policy advocates and of Professor Russell—not in terms of fundamental balance-of-payments disequilibrium as suggested by Russell, but in terms of the growth aspect of the Australian balance of payments; second, to point out that, contrary to Russell's belief, his own recommendation, as compared with that of wage policy advocates, may result in a lower rate of growth of real wages in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the general institutionalist theory of economic development. Joseph A. Schumpeter's theory of economic development, which attributes paramount importance to the role of the entrepreneur and identifies entrepreneurial activity as the dynamic force responsible for economic development, is an incomplete statement of a special case encompassed within the general institutionalist theory. Schumpeter is the author of the book "The Theory of Economic Development." More specifically with regard to the charge of incompleteness, the Schumpeterian theory provides no real explanation of the nature or role of technological change in economic development. The proposition that the Schumpeterian theory deals with a special case can also be made specific. When first published, the Schumpeterian theory was admittedly an attempt to explain economic development in a commercially organized state, one in which private property, division of labor, and free competition prevail. In view of the special assumptions on which the Schumpeterian theory rests, it is inadequate when offered as a basis for policies to be followed by so-called under-developed or backward areas.

This article presents an assessment of the work of the National Board for Prices and Incomes in Great Britain. The author in this article explores the prices and incomes policy as justification for the existence of the Board. The influence of increases of incomes on the state of the economy is to determine the demand for consumer goods, and hence the economy's capacity for other things, notably exports and public investment. The general principles applying to all the versions of the prices and incomes policy as described in the various White Papers are also discussed in the article.

In this article the Report of the Committee on Local Authority and Allied Personal Social Services, the Seebohm Report, is analyzed. Based upon this analysis research suggestions follow that are designed: to clarify the social policy intentions of the Seebohm Committee, to examine the validity of those sociological assumptions which underlie its central recommendation, and to provide a basis for the evaluation of those organizational changes which will follow the implementation of the Local Authority Social Services Act, based, as it is, upon the Seebohm Report. The criticisms of existing social service provision based upon its failure to meet current social needs, is also fundamental to the whole Seebohm Report. Yet here also, the concept of social need itself remains ambiguous and ill defined. Initial analysis is based upon assessment of social need in terms of the existing administrative categories. Yet it is a basic recommendation of the Report that these categories should be abandoned because they are rigid and artificial. Needs should, it is argued, be reconceptualized but the reconceptualization is again only spelled out in terms of an alternative administrative structure.

An indicative discussion of methods of curriculum study having as their objective the development of (1) design guidelines, and (2) evaluation measures for academic programs is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a reference guide for Far East. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "A History of the Far East in Modern Times," by Harold M. Vinacke, is the sixth edition of a book first published in 1950, which includes postwar material on Japan, China, Korea and other far eastern areas. "Economic Survey of Asia and the Far East," includes sections on foreign trade, post war industrialization and many statistical tables. "Ceylon as a Market," by W.R. Van, a survey of Ceylon's market and how to sell in it by the Canadian commercial secretary in Colombo. "Sinhalese Village," Bryce Ryan, is a detailed study of village life and its relationship to the changing country as a whole. The whole issue of "India: Economic Development and Cultural Change" is on India. Subjects discussed by a variety of authors are: economic planning, population growth, public and private business, employment and unemployment, agriculture, capital formation, entrepreneurship and inflation.

The article presents an empirical evaluation on possible explanations for the differing treatment of apparently similar unusual events. The Accounting Principles Board in its Opinion No. 9, Reporting the Results of Operations, concluded that net income should reflect all items of profit and loss which are recognized during a reporting period except for prior period adjustments. Examples of extraordinary items and ordinary items are also offered within Opinion No. 9. In this article the author focuses on the research which tried to identify those instances in which apparently similar unusual events were treated differently and to evaluate empirically several possible explanations for these differing treatments of apparently similar unusual events. Opinion No. 9 states that events which are extraordinary in nature should be segregated in the extraordinary section of the income statement when they are material. Further, the Board set forth the following guidelines for measuring materiality when more than one extraordinary event occurs within a reporting period.

Due in large part to the recent promulgation of the Uniform Consumer Credit Code (UCCC), there has been a renewal of interest among economists in the high-risk segment of the consumer credit market. To predict the effects of the maximum rate provisions of the UCCC, economists have typically employed the standard model of a monopolistic firm, with the single novelty being an adjustment of marginal revenue curves (or, alternatively, marginal cost curves) to compensate for differences in risk among individual borrowers). The position taken here is that these prior attempts have not paid sufficient attention to the peculiar technology of high-risk lenders; the independence of risk categories in an optimal loan portfolio has been implicitly assumed. It will be demonstrated that the relaxation of this stringent assumption significantly expands the set of feasible effects induced by the adoption of interest rate ceilings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an empirical study of support for the U.S.' Accounting Principles Board (APC) in the exposure draft of opinion number 16. The Draft called for the use of the pooling method. The study sought to determine respondents' attitudes and definitions of pooling. The majority of respondents believed that each of the attributes of combining transactions was or tended to be important in determining when the pooling-of-interest method may be used. The results indicate that a majority of the respondents believed that the purchase method and the pooling-of-interest method are not alternatives for a single business combination.

The article focuses on the governmental accounting achievements in China during the Chou Dynasty. The book "Rites of Chou," by an unknown author, provides an early description of how the Chinese government at that time operated. The Chou rulers recognized the importance of using funds to allocate resources for specific purposes, which would be later known as general revenue funds. The government did have a relief fund for needy people that was supplied with surplus from the government's own store of grain. The calendar that was used during the Hsia dynasty differed from that used by the Chous and influenced how the government ordered its spending. The financial management system used by the Chous is compared to that of modern times, particularly how surpluses and taxes were handled.

The article presents an evaluation of the conceptual incentives and perceptions of a pension plan's success. Common factors within individual, firm, or societal perceptions of pensions are described in depth. A report issued in 1965 by the U.S. Cabinet Committee on Corporate Pension Funds under the Kennedy presidential administration is particularly mentioned and summarized, pointing out the government policy and philosophy on the support and implementation of social security coverage and planning.

The article presents an exploration into the use of federal block grants and other financial revenue sharing instruments by the U.S. government to address human resources and poverty problems at the individual state level. The particular block grant plan of economic theorists Joseph A. Pechman and Walter W. Heller is focused upon, with additional consideration to the other revenue sharing tools of source-oriented sharing of income tax, and income tax credits. The use of functional grants-in-aid, negative income tax, and individual income tax reduction schemes are also included within the discussion.

The article discusses the reports "Monetary Policy and International Financial Objectives" by Leslie C. Peacock and "Domestic Policy Objectives and the Balance of Payments" by James Duesenberry, and the comparisons between them. The author states that Peacock accurately describes how the U.S. can bring its balance of payments into equilibrium without government controls. He contrasts these ideas with Duesenberry's which are more in line with the Bretton Woods statements that the government should place controls on the international movements in the securities industry.

The subject of overseas financing by U.S. international business firms has been highlighted by the recent balance of payments difficulties of the United States. Yet, overseas financing should not be a new issue to international business firms. Nor should it be considered exclusively within the context of the balance of payments problem. Overseas financing deserves thorough and objective consideration in its own right as a normal dimension of sophisticated and efficient business management in the international business field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that Indiana banks were. unable to raise their rates on time deposits when the Federal Reserve increased the maximum rates permits an analysis of the impact of changes in time deposit rate schedules on commercial banks' profitability. The data reinforce the findings of the Alhadeffs that banks' net earnings will be eroded by the change although they will be able to increase theft share of time deposits at the expense of savings and loan associations. However not all banks will raise their rates and the smaller banks, with less than proportionate loan demand and greater. loan-rate rigidity, have less incentive to compete for time deposits "at the new higher rates. Consequently, the distribution of time deposits by size-class o banks has become:less equal, :giving rise to an increase in the potentital loan volume of the banking system because of the probably greater correspondence between loan demand and loan supply in a fragmented market. The `impact of, `the change in Regulation Q for monetary policy will be to increase the potential velocity of a given money supply. The potential velocity increase may well have the irreversibility characteristics of the' innovations analyzed by : Hyman P. Minsky, as there can be no assurance that a reduction in maximum rate schedules will restore to the smaller banks their `original share of time deposits. The reduction in' banks' abs lute net current earnings may tend to reduce the rate of growth of banks' capital accounts through profit retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines reserve settlement periods of U.S. Federal Reserve banks and their defensive open market operations. It is believed that the government regulations controlling settlement may in fact harm banks by making it more difficult to operate and that the regulations lead the Federal Reserve to interact with the private market contrary to its own aims. A table is included with the article that tracks how the daily changes in particular factors affected the reserves and how that compares to the monthly changes and other factors that affect the balances of federal reserve banks. The article suggests that the reserve settlement period be lengthened and that reserves be averaged over the course of a month.

The article discusses the policy acceptance in the U.S. of reliance on automatic fiscal stabilizers. The author provides a history of previous fiscal stabilizer studies. The author states that it is necessary to illustrate the potential incompatibility of an annually balanced budget that has economic stability. The article also discusses institutional changes which made automatic fiscal stabilizers more important and the acceptance of automatic fiscal stabilizers as part of government policy. An analysis of how the U.S. executive and legislative branch is involved is also provided.

This article examines the principles of profit and compensation that were employed during the nationalization process to determine the resulting effects on the finances of the industries in Great Britain. Factors influencing compensation, an overview of postwar compensation experience and the implications for corporate finance are all discussed. The assumption of the liability for interest and principal payments on the compensation bonds was incorporated into the firms' capital structure. Previous cases of compensation for the British sugar, coal and transportation industry are also discussed.

The article discusses some of the financial aspects of the government housing program of Canada. Economic indicators clearly shows that the Canadian economy has experienced a high rate of growth, except the housing market. The Dominion Housing Act of 1935 was a legislative attempt to stimulate employment in the residential building industry. The act authorized the government to work with mortgage banks to issue loans. These loans are generally joint loans, which allow the applicant greater borrowing power.

The article analyzes the wage policy for the United States proposed by A.P. Lerner. The proposal is designed to eliminate the inflationary potential inherent in a full employment policy. According to the author, the proposed program by Lerner is impossible to carry through, primarily because of the obstacle of securing the data necessary to permit the proper functioning of the plan. The author classifies Lerner's proposal as an automatic stabilizer. This is because the decision to act in one way or another is not a matter of discretion, but is decided for the authorization by an index of relative attractiveness.

The article provides an overview of the topics discussed in the journal about governmental programs and their relationships to the structure and functions of the family in the U.S. Each article gives serious attention to current government programs and their historical antecedents, philosophies of the programs and issues in their development and direction, impact of changes in family life on the programs, and impact of the programs on family life. Each author selected the topic he considered the most significant legislation in a specific area and the issues which he considered important and relevant.

The article presents a reference guide for Middle East. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "Who's Who in U.A.R. and the Near East" presents brief biographies of important people in U.A.R., the Sudan, Iran, Libya, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Saudi-Arabia, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Ethiopia and Aden. "Middle East in Crisis: A Historical and Documentary Review," by Carol Ann Fisher and Fred Krinsky, reviews past and present trends, problems and policies concerning Middle East. "Middle East Perspective," by R.C. Mowat, is a survey of the events and ideas that have brought about the present situation. "The Determination of the Stock of Money and the Promotion of Economic Activities in Egypt," by Soghi F. Geraissa, is an abstract of a doctoral thesis completed at the University of Wisconsin in 1957. "Israel: Rebirth in an Antique Land," is a special section on Israel, covering her international relations, place in the Arab world, Zionism, newcomers, politics, financial problems, and over population.

Four theories for explaining public policy decisions are briefly presented. The theories are applied to the question of the location of Norwegian district colleges and universities (location by county, scope and timing). Eleven operational models provide the link between theory and data. The conclusion is that the legal-bureaucratic theory best explains the location decisions. This structural theory works better than the three behavioral ones. It is argued that this shows how norms of equity and justice constitute the main constraints on these decision processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the economics and regional policies in Great Britain. According to the author, its regional policies were essentially economic, which produce few political innovations, and its political regionalism is popular but lacks strong economic foundations. The analysis suggests for more discriminating policies based on social and economic processes. Thus, the country's regional policies have been directed to a simple but pressing needs for work and wages.

The authors reflects on the efforts of local authority associations to adopt a coherent and environmentally sound transport policy in relation to the lorry issue in Great Britain. They think that the government will have difficulty resisting moves toward a change in its transport priorities as the powerful political pressure on roads lobby existed. The authors emphasize that the associations have been consistently supporting voluntary organizations for the lorry issue to influence policymakers.