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This paper analyzes the nature of value-commitments, conceived as a generalized symbolic medium of interchange in the processes of social interaction, in this respect paralleling money, power, and influence. Commitments constitute moral obligations of units of a system of social interaction to maintain the integrity of a value-pattern and to strive toward its implementation in action through combination with non-value factors. Stability of commitments is a basic condition of the compatibility of wide moral freedom with the exigencies of social functioning. Like the other three media, commitments are not bound by a zero-sum condition, but can be expanded, especially through charismatic movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to set out a data that tends to support professor T.S. Willan's view of the integrity of the merchant class in England as suggested in his book "The Muscovy Merchants of 1555." Willan suggested in his book that few of the Londoners who were charter members of Muscovy Co. were sons of gentry, rather it was lesser provincial families who sent their sons to London, England. He also suggested that few of the Muscovy merchants retired altogether from London, and that those who did were exceptional. The evidence from which these data are drawn is based on a survey of the lives of 140 men; that is, those citizens of London who were aldermen in January 1600 and those who were elected to the Court of Aldermen between the beginning of 1600 and the end of 1624. These men comprise a sample of London's richest citizens in the early seventeenth century. By drawing mainly on three sources: the inventories of estates summarized in the Common Serjeant's Books in London, wills and assessments for the subsidy, it is possible to estimate that 55 of the 140 citizens in the sample were worth over 20,000 pounds in goods at the times of their deaths.

The article offers the author's insights regarding the concept of dual allegiance. He mentions that a group of a psychological group exists because it fulfills the certain needs of its members. He cites that people organize, join, and stay in groups as their needs are better met compared to facing it alone. He contends that in the industrial field, a member of a company seeks membership in order to fulfill one's primary needs particularly economic needs as well as other derivative needs. He asserts that by joining a union, a member hopes to improve one's economic status and seeks to satisfy belongingness, status, and security as well as integrity needs.

The article presents a study that describes normal personality. The procedure for selecting a group of highly normal persons was student nominations of their classmates, supplemented by faculty ratings, on the criterion of being outstanding in normal personality. It describes that normal personality has these features. Interpersonal attractiveness to other students as friends. Forthrightness and honesty of communication with others. Capacity for self-assertion and for aggressive response against efforts to dominate or reject them. Strong motivations to maintain self-autonomy and to actualize their potentials.

The article comments on thematic apperception test. The question of the integrity of interpretation and analysis of case histories, projective materials and other forms of personal documents is extremely important to research in the entire field of the use of subjective materials. To be able to state information in succinct and exact mathematical terms is no doubt the ultimate goal of scientific description but somewhere there must be an origin to such description and it is likely that in the original employment of new materials the use of statistics must necessarily be as crude as the materials in use.

This article presents information related to the relationship between the Bender Gestalt and the organic integrity test. Although the performance required of Ss is quite different, the Betukr test and the Organic Integrity Test are quite similar in rationale. Both tests assume that the ability to perceive gestalts is related to cortical integrity. Validity data for both tests suggest that they are about equally effective in detecting perceptual deficiencies. This study investigates the correspondence between these two tests with a group of non-brain-damaged subjects. Inspite of the references in the tasks, these tests should be assessing similar functions.