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The article presents information on a scientific symposium, held at Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, Hungary, on problems connected with the productivity of labor, as of November 1, 1960. This scientific symposium, arranged by Historical and Social Sciences Section of Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by Academy's Institute of Political Economy, was held in the academy building in 1959. Hungarian economists displayed keen interest in this meeting, which was attended by 19 delegates from socialist countries. Among persons who submitted papers or took part in discussions were research workers from scientific institutes, university professors, statisticians, planning specialists, chartered accountants and engineers. They discussed 29 papers and reports which had been reproduced and distributed before hand. Over sixty speeches were given during these discussions.

This paper presents the characteristics of the National Accounting System of Hungary and outlines its development in the last decades and the insufficiencies still existing. Hungary has joined with great interest in the work performed within the frame of the United Nations Statistical Commission concerning the development of the Systems of National Accounts, being interested in applying—as far as possible—the results of the revision of the SNA and MPS in its national practice. The paper first presents a conceptual matrix containing all the major items in the MPS system in order to explain the contents of the items and the interdependencies among them. In this connection a brief account is given of the major differences between the SNA and MPS. The following part of the paper presents the National Accounting System introduced in Hungary in 1968. It is put also within the framework of a matrix, which supplies the items of both the SNA and MPS by means of simple aggregation as well as satisfying the national requirements, so that it is possible to compare the structure and development of the Hungarian economy with those of any other countries. The major differences between the Hungarian system and the current MPS and the revised SNA are then presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses productivity growth in the Hungarian economy over the two decades between 1950 and 1970 with the aim of establishing what help can be provided in such analyses by the use of total factor productivity index numbers. After the introductory sections the paper deals first with the rates and factors of Hungarian productivity growth, and then with some methodological lessons of the investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I have examined the major principles underlying the new economic mechanism in Hungary and the extent to which these have been applied in practice so far. The most important changes have been the discontinuation of plan directives to the firm, the use of profit incentives, increased freedom for the managers to make investment decisions, greater flexibility in prices, and the linking of domestic and foreign prices through the use of uniform conversion ratios. Against these achievements one should set the application of administrative measures in a variety of areas. Such measures have been described as "brakes" which the authorities applied in launching the new mechanism.
Various considerations explain the application of brakes. An important reason is the fear of inflation which has led to the use of direct measures in regard to wages, prices, material allocation, credit and foreign trade. There has further been a tendency to restrict the freedom of firm managers by limiting profits from exports, imposing a high profits tax, and maintaining the supervisory role of the industrial ministries. This has been done for conflicting reasons: it was feared that the managers would have difficulties in adjusting to the new mechanism, or that they might adjust only too well and their actions would create undesirable results for the national economy. Finally, social considerations have led the government to avoid taking measures that would create unemployment or give rise to very large disparities in personal incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about a survey of Hungarian scientific publications through documentation trends. This paper attempts to bring to the attention of interested American documentalists a selection of these scientific works considered by the Hungarians as outstanding technical manuals or reference works. The scientific reading public in Hungary consists largely of the categories including members of the 20 odd big scientific research institutes, functioning independently or forming a part of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

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The article presents information on a communication received from Zoltan Zalai, Director of the Hungarian Libraries Board, which contains the information that the Hungarian Centre of Documentation has ceased to exist and its functions have been assumed by the Hungarian Libraries Board.

Announces the Thirteenth General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth to be held at Balatonfüred, Hungary. Schedule of the event; Tentative list of papers scheduled for presentation; Topics to be discussed in the conference.

Discusses the system of wage regulation in Hungary. Status of wage regulation during the economic reform of 1968; Regulation of the growth of wages by taxation; Objectives of the reform and its consequences.

This article provides information on the Thirteenth General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth held in Hungary in August 1973. Persons interested in submitting papers to be considered for presentation in any of the sessions are reminded that they should communicate with the session organizer as soon as possible. A list of topics and session organizers will be found in the December 1971 issue of the journal Review of Income & Wealth.

Provides an account of the premises and main features of high-level manpower planning and its relation to educational development in Hungary. Aim of high-level manpower planning in a centrally planned economy.

The article presents a detailed description of documentation activities in Hungary with particular emphasis upon the work of the Hungarian State Technical Library. In this library are focused the acquisition, organization, servicing, translating, indexing, and abstracting of scientific and technical literature, both Hungarian and foreign materials. The library also assumes leadership In the training of personnel for technical library work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on libraries and information services in Hungary. The Hungarian practice of libraries and documentation is more or less based on the Soviet models. It is an established fact that the Communist governments lay much stress upon the promotion of libraries and documentation services. In 1950 there were 1739 municipal libraries in Hungary and this number has grown to 4461 by 1955. One finds in the municipal libraries mainly fiction, science fiction, popular technological and political-ideological works.

This article focuses on the efforts made in Hungary and Yugoslavia toward centralized documentation of the applied sciences. The emphasis here is on technical and medical sciences, as reflected mainly in the periodical literature. Following an extensive search of various documentation sources, it was apparent that bibliographic coverage in these fields was so inadequately touched upon, and that even an incomplete survey of such documentation may prove of assistance both to the librarian and to the Research worker interested in these areas. In view of the fact that very little of the material found through searching the various literatures is available in this country, and that most of it is concentrated in the library of Congress, the Armed Forces Medical Library, and the Library of the Department of Agriculture, all in Washington, the writer could not always examine the existing but frequently unobtainable material, that would have been necessary for a more complete presentation.

This article presents a report on a symposium organised by the Hungarian Forest Research Institute and International Union of Forestry Research Organisation (IUFRO) on October 9-14, 1972 in Sopron, Hungary. More than forty foresters attended this meeting to discuss physiological implications of air pollution, relationship between sulphur content of spruce needles and average sulphur dioxide concentration in air during different periods, and main possibilities of forestry to increase resistance of forest against air pollution effects. Along with these an analytical discussion was held on topics such as: accumulation of pollutants; changes in organic compounds, enzymatic activities; ecophysiological complexes; and physiological causes of resistance, therapeutical measures etc.

The article presents a short survey of literature on Hungarian economic history. Historiography in Hungary can look back on a distinguished past. It had inherited relatively rich but unevenly exploited sources from predecessors and a relatively ample but disproportionately worked-out literature which was predominantly conservative in its attitude and methods. Economic history, however, was a particularly weak branch of Hungarian historiography. The research work of Hungarian historians has been focused on the following themes: the formation and consolidation of the feudal relations of property; the problems of the transition from feudalism to capitalism; the characteristics of the capitalist system in Hungary; the question of the industrial revolution in central Europe; investigations on demography and social structure. This research has resulted in new trends in historical writing that have developed in Hungary in the course of the past twenty-five years. A significant proportion of research into economic history was focused on the history of agriculture. It was there that the relevant peculiarities of Hungarian economic development became most apparent.

This article focuses on the changing pattern of landownership in Hungary from 1867 to 1914. The Hungarian government was the guiding force in industrialization during the era of the Dual Monarchy. Its policy concentrated on providing infrastructure and encouraging the establishment of a manufacturing industry. Despite the emphasis on industrialization, Hungary remained an essentially agrarian land, even at the end of the period. Of the total population in 1910, about 63 percent were still dependent on agriculture for a livelihood, and half of total exports by value were raw farm products. With the heavy weight of agriculture in the total economy, and with the dominance of the aristocracy and gentry at all levels of government, it is clear that the institutional structure of the rural economy could have had a considerable influence on the pace and character of economic growth in Hungary. The particular institutional characteristic, which has received the most attention in the literature is the structure of landownership.

This article traces the development of feudal rent in Hungary in the fifteenth century. It describes Hungary as a country of large feudal estates. The predominant feature of the agrarian system in Hungary during the fifteenth century was the overwhelming preponderance of the dependent tenant holdings, predominantly in the form of yardlands within the feudal estate. The organization called a network of feudal rents was created, with the function of collecting the dues and contributions of dependent tenants over an immense area. Meanwhile, the various forms of feudal rent are the following: labor dues, produce rents and money rents.

Reports on the rapid organizational growth of market research in Hungary. Improvement in the production orientation of managers and the existence of sellers' markets; Coordination of state and enterprise planning; Development of autonomous market research institutes oriented toward domestic markets.

The article presents information on the 36th Conference and International Congress of the International Federation of Documentation (FID). The conference was held on September 16, 1972 in Budapest Hungary. FID is an international, non-governmental organization with headquarters in The Hague, Netherlands. Its aim is to promote the study, organization and practice of documentation, and facilitate creation of international networks of information systems. FID Congresses are held every other year. A major portion of the current Conference dealt with progress reports and discussions concerning the implementation of the FID Program.