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The article presents information on the Vth International Congress of Allergology which will be held from October 11-16, 1964 at the Medical School in Madrid, Spain. Persons wishing to contribute papers to the congress should write to the Local Organizing Secretary F. Lahoz in Madrid.

Discusses the facies and trace fossil analysis in the Zumaya flysch of Paleocene to Eocene age in north Spain. Deposition of a limestone-red shale sequence below wave base; Trace fossils contained in the sediments.

This article discusses the use of copper sheathing to protect the hulls of wooden ships from the ravages of the worm and the encrustations of weeds and barnacles in the eighteenth century. Though there are a few references to instances of sheathing with copper or its alloys before the middle of the eighteenth century, the overwhelming mass of references to sheathing up to that time are to sheathing with wood, a doubling of the outside planking of the ship below the waterline. The limited efficiency of wooden sheathing made it inevitable that other materials would be tried. Lead sheathing appears to have been known to the Romans, and was revived in the sixteenth century in Spain and Portugal, and used experimentally by this country on at least one occasion. Most works on the subject state that the first beginnings of copper sheathing date from the 1760's, but as early as 1708 the Navy was being approached by Charles Parry and others who had recently applied for a patent for sheathing ships with copper which without any hindrance to their sailing, will preserve them from worms and barnacles in their voyages to the East and West Indies, and prevent all occasions of covering and repairing them.

The article presents information on the official meeting of the International Committee of Dermatology held in Madrid, Spain on June 15-17, 1970. The meeting outlined the general arrangements for the XIV International Congress of Dermatology to be held in Padova-Venezia, on May 22-27, 1972. The program will consist of five main themes, 12 symposia and 25 discussion groups. The Italian organizing committee will appoint an Italian chairman for the organizing subcommittee for each main theme, symposium and discussion group. There will be program of free communications. These will be seven minutes in length and are not restricted to the official topics. Free communications will be listed separately in the program by title only.

This article focuses on the meeting of the International Committee of Dermatology of the International League of Dermatological Societies that was held in Madrid, Spain. The Italian organizing, committee will, appoint an Italian chairman for the organizing subcommittee for each main theme, symposium and discussion group. This Chairman in turn will select suitable members of the committee from other countries to plan the particular program. Simultaneous translation will be provided in the five official languages in the two largest meeting rooms for the main themes on two consecutive days.

This article focuses on the official meeting of the International Committee of Dermatology in Madrid, Spain during June 15-17, 1970. The program will consist of five Main Themes, 12 Symposia and 25 Discussion Groups. The main themes are as follows: Lymphomas; Diseases of Autogression; Progress of Therapy in Dermatology; Occupational Dermatoses; Venereal Diseases. The symposia are as follows: Vascular Diseases; Progress in Therapy of Cutaneous; Malignancies; Psoriasis; Dermatologic Genetics; Dysproteinemias; Electronmicroscopy; Carcinogenesis; Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal; Progress in Leprology; Progress in Mycology; Drug Eruptions and The Skin as a Protective Organ.

This section offers church news briefs in 1974. George G. Beazley, chief ecumenical officer of the Christian Church (Disciplines of Christ), died on October 7, 1973 while on a trip in Moscow, Russia with his wife. The first major meeting of the World Council of Churches (WCC) was held in Salamanca, Spain, where they discussed on "Concepts of Unity and Models of Union." Irish Catholic and Protestant leaders met for the first time on September 26, 1973 to discuss several issues.

The diatom Achnanthes exigua, isolated from Alhambra North Hot Spring, showed a maximum growth rate of 2 doublings per day at 40 C; the maximum and minimum temperatures at which growth occurred was 44 and 10 C, respectively. The optimal temperature for respiration was 40 C, whereas the optimum temperature for photosynthesis was 42 C. Respiration exhibited greater thermotolerance than either growth or photosynthesis. Light saturation occurring at comparatively low light intensities suggests that the unialgal diatom culture may represent a selected shade-adapted organism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the article "British Armaments and European Industrialization, 1890-1914: The Spanish Case Re-Examined," by R.J. Harrison. Harrison's article examined the economic and political conditions in Spain from 1890 to 1914. It is discusses the industrialization of European countries and how Great Britain was imbibed on building armaments. The article also considers Spain's working population that is engaged in agriculture during the period. It explores the scandal involving the Spanish naval program of the government of Antonio Maura. Official Assessor of the Naval Ministry, Juan Macias, accused the whole government of prevarication in the adjudication of tenders for the squadron.

The article looks at the economic and political conditions in Spain from 1890 to 1914, the period when European countries were industrialized and Great Britain was imbibed on building armaments. It discusses the controversy on the contract awarded by the Spanish government to a British company to construct several naval ships. The percentage of Spain's working population that is engaged in agriculture during the period. The article also discusses the Maura legislation, which involved the elimination of a program for the economic regeneration of Spain based on the improvement of agricultural yields, the development of communications, the extension of the market for consumer goods, and the creation and safeguarding of agricultural employment.

The article examines the attempts of the manufacturers in Catalonia, Spain to overcome the effects of the loss of the Cuban export market in 1898. Judged by western European standards, nineteenth-century Catalonia displayed few features of a modern industrial region. In the region's leading sector, the cotton industry, small-scale units predominated throughout the century as did a cult of individualism spread by the continuance of family firms, out-of-date machinery, and an unhealthy disregard for the virtues of an efficient banking system. It was the manufacturing classes of Catalonia who led the demand for the protection of national industry. From 1780 they organized themselves into a series of associations with this objective solely in mind. An important consequence of Catalonia's industrial retardation and of the defensive attitude of a good many of its entrepreneurs was the relative unimportance of overseas markets for the region's manufactured goods. The overwhelming majority of Catalonia's manufactures found an outlet in the rest of the peninsula.

Silene secundiflora is a Mediterranean species restricted in range to the southern coasts of Spain and the Balearic Islands. Germination tests were made in incubators and on thermo-gradient bars to evaluate changes in temperature-responses at intervals after seed harvest. Results were compared to average temperatures occurring in the region to the climate characteristics of the area. Germination of freshly harvested seed was restricted to a narrow temperature band between ca. 7 and 16°C, After-ripening during the first four months resulted in a progressive widening of the temperature band favouring germination, but this remained below average summer temperatures. Exposure of imbibed seed to high temperatures (31°C) reduced the subsequent temperatures maximum for germination by about 4°C, but did not induce a fully effective secondary dormancy. The results appeared to be well correlated with a situation in which germination normally occurs in September at the start of the winter growing season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several reports from the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches (WCC) for August 1967. The documents include the reports of the General Secretary and the Executive Committee to the Central Committee. The documents also include the statements of WCC regarding several issues including the conflict in the Middle East, the food gap and the passage of the Law on Religious Liberty in Spain.

The article offers information on Colchicum autumnale L. It states that this is a perennial herb, the underground portion of which is an ovoid corm about 5 cm. in diameter covered with the dark brown remains of old leaves. It also mentions that in many localities this plant has been destroyed for it is identified to be poisonous to cattle. This plant is found in the south-east part of Ireland, particularly the Nore Valley in Kilkenny. It also grows in damp meadows and pastures in central Europe, east to Lithuania and Romania and south to north Italy and Spain.

Comments on the Spanish Trade Union Act of 1971. Basic contradictions in the Act; Utility of the Act in promoting a democratic and autonomous trade union system in the country; Background of the Trade Union Act.

The cytogeographic distribution and morphology of Festuca taxa in sections Bovinae and Scariosae has been compared with the results of experimental hybridization between them. Two groups have been established, the first is predominantly Moroccan and includes F. mairei (2n = 28), F. arundinacea varieties atlantigena forma pseudo-mairei (2n = 56), letourneuxiana and cirtensis (2n = 70). These taxa are closely related to the diploid F. scariosa endemic in the Spanish Sierra Nevada. Their distinctive morphological features are due to the inclusion of the scariosa genome. The second group, predominantly European, including F. arundinacea var. glaucescens (2n = 28) and F. arundinacea var. genuina (2n = 42), is similarly associated with the diploid F. pratensis. It is suggested that evolution in this species complex involved opportunities in a previous era for hybridization between tetraploid taxa now separated geographically. From such hybrids the higher polyploids can be derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragmentation of holdings denotes the situation in which the average farm consists of numerous small parcels scattered haphazardly about in the area within a given rural community. In Spain as a whole there is an average of 17 separate tracts per farm, and the phenomenon is particularly acute in the northwestern one-fourth of the country where the number of parcels per farm runs as high as 84 in the Province of Soria and averages above 40 in Burgos, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Segovia, and Zamora. Most of the social and economic effects of fragmentation are adverse, although the spreading of risks and the diffusion of a family's interests to all parts of the community in which it resides may be advantageous. As sociologists from the United States accept professional responsibilities in other parts of the world, many of them are forced to deal in one way or another with the phenomenon of fragmentation of agricultural holdings. This constitutes an intellectual challenge of the first order of magnitude since this subject has seldom figured in the contemplations and writings of the sociologists in this country.

This article makes certain comparisons between the Spanish insurance industry and the insurance industry in other parts of the world, particularly the United States. Through such comparisons it is hoped that insurance practices may be improved, particularly in developing nations of the world. The Spanish insurance industry is characterized by several features which contrast with those in other nations. Major differences include centralized regulation and control, about average growth of premium income, relative undercapitalization, free entry to insurance markets for both domestic and alien insurers, profitable underwriting (except for voluntary automobile insurance) and innovative participation and cooperation with the industry by government. The catastrophic loss plan in Spain deserves special study as one way to handle ‘uninsurable’ risks which often plague developing nations by restricting industrial growth. Among the problems facing Spanish insurers are relatively high distribution expenses, inadequate levels of education for insurance, and gaps in coverage for risks commonly insured in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the Miocene point-bar deposits in the Ebro Basin, Northern Spain. Comparison between the vertical profile and the surface pattern of ancient small size point bars; Separation planes between the bundles.

This article provides a historical account of internal transpiration, the status of carters and carting organizations under the Spanish government between 1476 and 1700, based on the literary works of Julius Klein. The only coherent description of even a portion of the internal transportation of early modern Spain is buried in the work of Julius Klein. In 1920 Klein devoted three pages of his book on the Mesta to a description of cart transport and its relationship to the government. He described a national organization of carters, called the "Cabana Real de Carreteros," which was recognized by Isabella I in 1497 and given a number of privileges similar to those of the Mesta. Among the many reforms which Isabella's reign brought to Castile was the direct assistance for the carters which Klein suggested, though not in the form he described. In revising and clarifying its relationship with the carters, the crown systematized privileges previously used irregularly. At the same time it defined the carters' obligation to give priority to royal demands.

This article focuses on Barcelona Institute of Social Sciences located in Barcelona, Spain. Under its constitution, the institute is responsible for promoting and developing various branches of social science, bringing out publications, and collaborating with other Spanish and foreign institutions pursuing similar activities. The institute has a governing board consisting of the president of the Provincial Council, the chairman of the Education Committee, the secretary-general of the Provincial Council and director of the Institute. The Institute of Social Sciences has just launched its work with the organization of a series of lectures on social problems of the present-day world. Preparations are being made for the publication, early in the year, of the first issue of the periodical "Rsvista del Instiluto di Ciencias Sociales," "Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences," which will include articles on, atheism as a social phenomenon, by professor Adolfo Mufios Alonso of the University of Madrid. "The Middle Class and Civil Legislation," by professor Manuel Baffle, Rector of the University of Murcia, "Contemporary Spanish-American Politics,' by professor Jainie Delgado of the University of Barcelona, "Bureaucracy and Present-Day Society," by professor Salusdano del Campo of the University of Barcelona, etc.