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The article presents a study which describes a search for patterns of species density in an area of strong climatic gradients at Connemara, in the Western Ireland. It reports that the stone-walls on south-facing slopes in Connemara have smaller values for species density than do those on north-facing slopes. It mentions that the pattern of species density appears to reflect the aspect of the regional slope, and the degree of exposure to maritime air masses. It notes that the within any aspect class, the species density of old stone walls increases with the distance inland from the south-west coasts of Connemara.

The article examines a vegetational pattern in a grassland community for the analysis of heterogeneity using adjacent quadrants. It was conducted on an area of permanent grassland at Barden Bridge in Wharfedale, England. The study, using the designed analysis, indicated heterogeneity at two scales, 80 centimeter and 320 centimeter on Festuca rubra and Trifolium repenus. It determined that the pattern detected at 80 centimeter in F. rubra is a reflection of a clonal pattern, accentuated by genotypic differences in numerous morphological characters.

The article presents a study that reviews the concept of minimal area in plant research. It explores the definition, history, determination and use of the concept from the views of two European schools of plant sociology, the Zürich-Montpellier school that is dominated by the ideas of botanist Josias Braun-Blanquet and the Uppsala School dominated by G. E. Du Rietz. The Zürich-Montpellier School and Uppsala School are noted to define minimal area of plant community as the point where the species-area curve and the constancy-area curve became approximately horizontal, respectively. Drawing from the analysis, the author concludes that minimal area can be objectively determine using Zürich-Montpellier' species-area or Uppsala's constancy-area curve.

The article discusses the biological flora of Sinapis arvensis L. in the British Isles. Sinapis arvensis L. is abundant in all cultivated parts of the region and its range extends through most of the temperate regions of the world including Europe, Iceland and Asia Minor. It is most prevalent on clays and calcareous soils and are most infrequent on light soils. An important feature of its habitat seems to be high light intensity and it is frequently seen in shaded situations. Furthemore, it is more abundant in artificial communities and occurs exceptionally in those semi-natural or natural. It is noted that the activities of man are first among the biotic factors affecting Sinapis arvensis L.

The article describes the application of a logarithmic series to a number of problems of the division of individuals into species and of species into genera. It was found that logarithmic series is found to fit extremely well to a large number of frequency series drawn from insects, birds, butterflies and plants. Moreover, it also fits sometimes extremely well, to the number of genera with different numbers of species in standard classifications of groups of both animals and plants. The conception of the index of diversity is used for solving the to problems of the number of species of plants on different areas and to compare floras of different areas with interesting results.

The article features a discussion on cognitive development. The concern of a psychology of cognition is the relation between reality and man's representation of reality. The concern of a psychology of cognitive development is the way in which the child comes to know the world. The absence of a prototypical case for cognitive study marks the diversity, agitation, and openness of the new psychology of knowledge. Investigations of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology over the last several years have revealed that it is needed to narrow down psychological theories to physiological constraints.

Discusses the nature of structural vegetation mapping. Consideration of the quality and uniqueness of landscape; Perception of geographic diversity; Specialization of locality.