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The paper analyzes penetration of total solar, T, near infrared and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). PAR, measured by tube solarimeters at Rothamsted, England in five different crops, includes sugar beet, field beans, kale, and spring wheat. The measurements are used to obtain the sunfleck parameters in Monteith's theory. Crop transmission parameters calculated from the daily radiation totals changed little when crop cover was full.

This paper examines the proposition advanced by some commentators that divorce petitioning in England and Wales fluctuates in accordance with the changing real value of legal aid. Direct evidence, from divorce figures and details of legal aid provision, is examined and shown not to fit the hypothesis. Indirect evidence drawn from Magistrates' Court proceedings and income provision by the National Assistance Board also fails to support the proposition. It is concluded that the proposition is false, and that increased divorce petitioning reflects more fundamental social changes than amendments to legal aid provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first section of the paper criticizes the concept of inconsistency between status ranks as an explanation of variations in attitudes and behaviour between different groups. The second section argues that the concept of relative deprivation may, if appropriately qualified, prove more useful and suggests a possible application of it to the topic of attitudes towards immigrants. The third section presents some findings from a sample survey carried out in England and Wales in 1962 which furnish a limited test of two proposed hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the gage of land in medieval England. The English gage of land with possession of the debtor until default is to all seeming developed later than the gage with immediate possession of the creditor; the origin of this later form of security for loans being directly connected with the history of the process of judicial execution. It will be seen that whether the medieval creditor take immediate possession or only on default of the debtor, the principle is the same. In either case the security is a usufructgage or it is a property-gage, or it is indeed a combination of the two. Though the tracing of the development down to the present lies beyond the scope of the present paper, it is believed that this very same conception lies at the basis of much of the modern English law.

This article explains the misunderstandings of the civil law. A rule of law that has been gradually developed can only be understood by knowing the course of its development; and that is more or less known by good lawyers, if the rule took its rise in England. So far as the American jurisprudence reaches back to an earlier date, there are the same reasons for tracing it to its source. Again, not only would it be hard to name any one who has thrown new light on such general problems of jurisprudence as the arrangement of the law, who has not known something of the labors of the civilians; but the paper tries to show that an ignorant misunderstanding of the Roman classification has led to confusion.

Presents information on an international symposium on ecology to de held from July 7 to July 9, 1970 at the University of East Anglia in East Anglia, England. Subjects for which organizers of the symposium invited papers; Details of post-symposium tours organized by the British Ecological Society.