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This article focuses on papers discussed at the round table meeting on "the teaching of elementary economics" on December 30, 1949, at New York. Since the movement toward a general course in the social sciences seems to one essential it would be useful at this stage to collate the experiences of the hundred institutions now engaged in offering such a course. Fortunately both the American Economic Association and the American Political Science Association are engaged in a survey of this field by questionnaire and interviews. It is already clear, however, that the general course can be expected to follow no set formula. Its content and emphasis will vary from college to college with the abilities, interests, and philosophies of the staff members, and with the financial resources of the institution. One do not consider such diversity unfortunate. It is fragmentation and compartmentalization which are making the teaching of the social sciences increasingly ineffective in the light of social integration today. The closest integration will continue to recognize the infinite diversity contained in the fundamental unity of society.

The article reports on conversion clause in the United States. American monetary history is full of strange happenings and queer events beginning with the resolution of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1690 explaining the issue of the first paper money. It referred to "the sundry considerable debts" which had been contracted "for maintaining their Majesties" interests against hostile invasions of their French and Indian enemies," the actual fact being that the colony had sent an expedition against Quebec in the expectation that plunder would pay the costs thereof. It is true that the highest prices at which the five-twenty bonds sold on the New York market never exceeded 14 points above par in 1864 and 12 points above in 1865, whereas at the same time the premiums on gold were in the ranges 77-85 and 98-105, respectively. In the years following the war the gap between the premium on the bonds and on gold steadily narrowed. By late 1869 the gap had disappeared and from 1870 on the advantage clearly lay with the bonds, their market premium over par persistently exceeding the gold premium. Senator John Sherman pointed out on the floor of the Senate, March 6, 1876, that even the government's 5 per cent bonds had been "at par with gold for the past five years" while the greenbacks had been "from 6 to 22 per cent below gold."

Reports the summary of position papers on tax inequity proposals submitted by the Special Committee on Pension & Profit Sharing of Tax Section of New York State Bar Association. Proposal of changes in the Internal Revenue Code; Imposition of fixed formula for profit-sharing plans; Effect of the statutory change proposed by the Cabinet Committee.

Focuses on the provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code on commercial paper, bank deposits and letters of credit in the United States. Liabilities of a drawee bank; Applicability of clearing house rules; Responsibility of depository, cashing and collecting banks.

Presents a preliminary announcement of program schedules for the Eighty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association on December 27-30, 1973 in New York.

President of the American Sociological Society Louis Wirth is planning for a Section on Contributed Papers for the next annual meeting that is to be held in New York from December 28 to 30, December, 1947. Although this Section is particularly de- signed for those younger members of the Society, including graduate students, who have not yet had an opportunity to appear on the pro- gram in other sections, contributions from other members of the Society will be welcome. Since this Committee is working closely with the Committee on Research, it is being urged that members who have completed research papers suitable for oral presentation and which do not fall within the scope of other Sections be offered for consideration in the Section on Contributed Papers.

This article presents the program for the annual convention of the American Catholic Sociological Society in New York City from August 31 to September 2, 1960.

The article presents information on the program of the Eight Annual Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America held in New York City from May 18 to 21, 1960. As part of the meeting, the symposium titled Optimization on Chemical Reactors was held at New York University. John Happel served as chairman of the symposium. There were many papers presented during the meeting. A. V. Butterworth and P.C. Hayes presented their paper which discusses the use of mathematical predictors in a distribution system. Other topics discussed at the meeting include linear programming, strategic planning, and production planning.

For many years, the accounting professionals in the U.S. have recognized the need for the preparation required by accountancy students in the field of auditing, and conceived the idea of the link between theory and practice as a business clinic where students might work among the records of actual transactions. In 1914, Robert H. Montgomery, a professor at the Columbia University, New York City obtained a number of sets of used account books which formed the basis for the course of study which has been given since 1915, termed as the Auditing Laboratory. From time to time since, additional records have been obtained until at the present time there are approximately 100 workable sets of books of greatly diversified activities. Questions and problems, to be solved only by an actual examination of the books and other records, provide the basis of the student's work. This gives him a practical working test under conditions which very closely correspond to those met in actual practice. All through the work done by the student, the preparation and care of his work papers are carefully watched and criticized; the preparation of audit programs and the proper filing of work papers in the permanent and current files for the different engagements are also stressed. The Auditing Laboratory contains labor saving devices, such as adding and other computing machines, slide rule, etc., etc., in the legitimate use of which the student is urged to become adept.

The article presents information on the Eight Annual Meeting of the Operations Research Society of America held in New York City from May 18 to 21, 1960. As part of the meeting, the symposium titled Optimization on Chemical Reactors was held at New York University. There were many other sessions held discussing various topics including inventory control theory, reliability theory, financial management applications and operations research. Max A. Woodbury of New York University served as chairman of the meeting.

The purpose of this paper is to quantify supply and demand functions for the Euro-dollar deposits borrowed by New York banks from their own foreign branches. Reduced form equations are estimated from weekly data covering the period 1966-68 and tested by predicting the first seven months of 1969. All data are from the Federal Reserve Bulletin, except where noted otherwise, and are denominated in millions of dollars or per cent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is presented about several papers discussed at the American Marketing Association Conference held in December 1949 in New York City. Topics include consumer research, marketing research, and sales management. The event featured presentations by Darrell B. Lewis from New York University and Philip Salisbury, editor of "Sales Management" magazine.

The article presents comments of authors on the article "Evaluating the Adequacy of Airport Parking Lots," by F.V. Hurst which appear in the November 1955 issue of the periodical. This paper deals with a useful and interesting problem what number of parking spaces is required to cope adequately with the maximum inventory of parked cars? Here adequate and inventory are used as defined in the paper. The primary defect of this paper is the author's use of the methods of decision theory. The author associates a risk function with parking adequacy. He then indicates that, for the Port of New York Authority, yield per dollar invested can be maximized by having inadequate parking facilities.

The research reported in this paper studied 240 rural youths in four central New York high schools. It investigated (1) the relationship between value orientations and the education and occupation choice-making process, and (2) the structural antecedents of those value orientations. Choice making was classified in two levels: aspirations and plans. An instrument was constructed which aimed at ranking individuals on a latent continuum for each of twelve values. The findings support the general hypothesis that in the education and occupation decision process there is a relationship between an individual's value orientations and the choice that an individual makes from among the alternatives available. The findings further suggest that the influence of values on choices decreases as freedom of opportunity is restricted by the bonds of social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to define some of the critical problems relating to agents' compensation—from the standpoints of the insurance companies, policyholders, regulatory bodies and the agents themselves. The provisions, purpose and implications of Section 213 of the New York expense limitation law are reviewed. The impact of various new agents' financing plans and patterns of agents' compensation (i.e., renewal commissions, vesting provisions, service fees) is explored. Particular attention is focused on the problem of inadequate service, orphaned policyholders and related agents' compensation. A study of New England Life agents' Income levels by years of service is set forth. Compensation problems in certain special markets (Minimum Deposit, Pension Trust, Tax-Sheltered Annuities, Split-Life, Mutual Funds, Salary Savings, Variable Life) are reviewed. The paper concludes with some thoughts regarding possible changes in the Ordinary agency distribution system of the future, particularly as it relates to the ‘expanded financial services’ concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the role of the Jews in New York City's mayoralty election of 1917 in order to validate the concept of a pacifist Jewish vote. There were four mayoral candidate in the 1971 election, incumbent Mayor John Purroy Mitchel, Judge John F. Hylan, William M. Bennett, and Morris Hillquit. Hillquit represented the radical and pacifist Jews and many non-radical and non-pacifist Jews opposed him. His defeat in the election reflects the fact that there is no such thing as a pacifist Jewish vote.

The article assess the accomplishments of seven International Congresses of Accountants held to date. The first congress held in 1904 in St. Louis, Missouri sponsored by the Federation of Societies of Public Accountants in the U.S., must be attributed to George Wilkinson, an Illinois certified professional accountant (CPA) who was born in England, but spent his professional life in the U.S. The 1904 Congress was an ambitious event for the American accounting profession. It was held when The American Association of Public Accountants had a membership of only 140 scattered over 15 states, of whom 81 held CPA certificates. The Third International Congress was held in New York City in September 1929. Joseph E. Sterrett and F. van Dien, presidents of the earlier congress, served as Honorary Presidents, while Robert H. Montgomery held the role of President of the 1929 sessions. The 1952 Congress, convened in London, England, included about 80 CPAs from the United States. It exercised a constructive influence on international finance and commerce, and stimulated avid discussion and subsequent research on fluctuating price levels in relation to accounts, accounting requirements for issues of capital, the accountant in industry, the accountant in practice and in public service, and the incidence of taxation.

One of the greatest events in accounting history was the International Congress on Accounting, held in New York during the week of September 9, 1929. Despite the variation in laws governing accountancy and in the forms in which accounting practice is conducts, a remarkable unanimity was recognized by everybody as existing in the problems faced by the profession throughout the world. There are two views rather definitely set professional auditing over against social economics; they contrast shareholder's desire for information concerning the remainders of original investments with managers' desires for information concerning the intricate details of profit making. To apply reproduction costs to the balance sheet would place the statement, therefore, in conflict with prudence and the sound principle of realized profit only. But on the other hand, the author points out, to apply only past costs in cost accounting would be to deprive the management of current information very necessary to proper market judgment, for competition is going to be most felt from those who most recently bought in the market and thus have secured a tangible new base for their pricing policy.

Attitudes toward the liberalized abortion law in New York State were assessed among obstetrician-gynecologists in the state. This paper presents findings on various issues and relates them to a number of variables. In general, the New York State practitioners were found to favor the new law and to take a rather liberal view of some critical social issues involved in abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the present position of family health workers who were trained and worked at a neighborhood health center during the past five years. Problems initially anticipated for such workers did not materialize but others have emerged: lack of self-esteem, lack of upward and lateral mobility, inadequate evaluation of the validity of their training and role, and to some extent paternalism. These are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents seasonal patterns of conception in New York City and discusses the implications of these patterns. It is intended to investigate variations by month of conception of factors associated with pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for cost-effectiveness studies of civil engineering works and illustrates it by an example of its application to an urban systems problem. This approach tries to bridge the dichotomy of objectives that often exists between the policy levels of government and the engineering agencies, and that leads to frequent impasses for implementation. The process first broadens the traditional terms of reference for public-works design, which are usually governed by engineering standards only tenuously related to the multiple objectives of a facility. Second, a procedure is suggested for generating alternative configurations for the system and its components. Finally, a means is presented for exploring alternative time-phased strategies of development. The paper presents a case study of the application of this approach to the planning and design of New York City's Third City Water Supply Tunnel, and discusses its lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American Sociological Association to be held on December 4 and 5, 1943 at Hotel McAlpin, New York City. Papers on social research to be presented at the meeting are: "A Controlled Analysis of the Relationship of Guided Participation in Extra-curricular Activities to the Scholastic Achievement and Social Adjustment of College Students," by Reuben Hill, University of South Dakota, "Techniques of Social Reform: An Analysis of the Dry Movement," by Alfred McClung Lee, Wayne University, and "Reliability of the Idea-Centered Question in Interview Schedules," by Morton B. King, Camp Shelby, Mississippi. Papers will be followed by open discussion. Papers on Sociometry to be presented at the meeting are: "What Level of Living Indexes Measure," by Margaret Jarman Hagood and Louis J. Ducoff, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and "Some Regional Variations in Levels and Standards of Living," by Edgar A. Schuler, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

This article takes a note of a few relevant events from the economic fields. It first corrects an error occurred in the June 1955 issue of "The American Economic Review," whereby the name of the nominee for president of the American Economic Association was mistaken as Edwin E. White for Professor Edwin E. Witte. The next note is a preliminary announcement of the program for the Sixty-Eight Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association to be held in New York City, on December 28-30, 1955. Nearly half of the sessions of the program for this year will be centered upon the economic growth of the United States, that is, on the problem of keeping the United States economy moving onward and upward. It further notices on the The first congress of the International Economic Association, to be held in Rome, Italy, from September 6-11, 1956. The next note is on International Committee for Social Sciences Documentation, which was created at the end of 1950 as a result of meetings of experts convened by UNESCO to coordinate and improve existing bibliographic instruments for the social sciences, and the creation of new instruments in this area.

The article presents the proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) that was held on May 18-21, 1967 at Bolton Landing, New York. The conference was divided into fifteen formal sessions and three round tables. The new format also consists a presentation program of the best papers from a recent AAPOR competition for graduate students. In addition to the informative meetings, numerous social events were also organized. Also, the AAPOR Award of 1967 for distinguished achievement in the field of public opinion was presented to Hans Zeisel, a social researcher. Some of the topics on which papers were presented at the conference are: variations in the application of theory to attitude and opinion research; interviewing: special situations and problems; polling and the political process; socio-medical research in sensitive areas; predicting purchasing behavior: alchemy or science? and; computer-assisted analysis of survey data.

The article presents information on the seventeenth annual conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) held from May 17 to 20, 1962 at the Hotel Sagamore in Lake George, New York. The entire conference was dedicated to the memory of Samuel A. Stouffer. At a special general session, Stouffer's former colleagues, Clyde W. Hart, Philip M Hauser, and Herbert H. Hyman, discussed his recently published collected papers, "Social Research to Test Ideas." The conference was organized into eleven formal sessions in addition to the nine round-table meetings. John W. Riley, delivered his presidential address at the annual banquet. At that time also, the newly created AAPOR Award was presented to Angus Campbell of the University of Michigan. The article also presents abstracts that were prepared by the authors of papers presented at the formal sessions. Summaries of the discussion that took place at round-table meetings and at sonic of the formal sessions were written by their chairmen or by persons whom they designated.

Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents Stanley W. Black's response to commentary from John J. Valentini and Lacy H. Hunt III about his article "An Econometric Study of Euro-Dollar Borrowing by New York Banks and the Rate of Interest on Eurodollars," which appeared in the March, 1971 edition of the "Journal of Finance." Black defends his use of ordinary least squares to estimate parameters in his model by noting the estimates are for reduced form equations. He also defends his use of a time trend in both his supply and demand equations.

Highlights the meeting in Syracuse, New York. Emphasis of the meeting on polar exploration; Attendees; Programs and activities.

The article examines the demand for New York State Mutual Savings Bank deposits during the period 1960-1969. Monthly and quarterly levels and changes in savings deposits are regressed against personal income, the rate paid on savings accounts, and the rate available form AAA-rated bonds. The authors discuss their results, and use the regression coefficients to compare actual savings for the first quarter of 1970 with those predicted by their model. In this instance, the "level" equations performed better than the "change" equations.

This article presents a response to a critique on the sampling method utilized in a study regarding the effect of ownership types on the performance characteristics of stock and mutual life insurance companies in the U.S. The sample is longitudinal rather than cross-sectional; it is the years 1952 through 1966, which were selected from a population of all years, past and future, in which stocks and mutual life insurance companies operated under New York regulations. Companies with less than fifteen years of operations prior to 1952 were excluded from the sample, because new and old life insurance companies cannot be compared in the financial dimensions which were most appropriated for the purposes of the study. Similarly, three atypical companies were deleted from the sample, because these firms were neither comparable nor in competition with other stock and mutual life insurance companies. The stock-mutual study was not a statistical exercise, but an effort to provide insight into an issue of considerable importance--the effect of different ownership forms on the performance of business activities. In a wider sphere, it can be said with some assurance that the prime determinants of economic efficiency are market and property rights--the effects of centralization or decentralization of market decisions and the distributional effects associated with different forms of ownership.

This paper discusses a program developed to train and utilize community health workers to screen, treat, and follow up Harlem area residents with stroke, hypertension, and related illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Rhode Island admiralty documents and papers. In 1703, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island were constituted one district, and the Rhode Island court was held by a deputy appointed by the judge in Boston. The Vice Admiralty papers start in 1727, run with tantalizing gaps to 1772, and are most complete for 1740-52. After 1752, the papers are extremely fragmentary. With the Revolution and the establishment of a state court of admiralty, the records begin again, and for the period 1776-83 they are substantially complete. In a sense, therefore, the Rhode Island papers complement those of New York, since the latter, in the Vice Admiralty period, are most full for 1754-74, and in the state court run from 1784 to 1788.

This article presents various developments in the field of sociology. The next annual meeting of the American Public Health Association for selection of papers for the Medical Care Section program will be held during October 26-30, 1970, at Houston, Texas may submit their papers. The "Indian Journal of Sociology" is now being published twice a year by the Academic Journals of India, a nonprofit organization. Researcher Harold Capener and Jerry Stockdale are principal investigators for the "Paths Out of Poverty," a rural poverty project at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Two new research projects have been initiated in South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. The first of these is a project dealing with recreation for the state of South Dakota, and the second is a project dealing with low-income families of the poverty program with special emphasis on the surplus commodities aspect of the program. A team in the Department of Rural Sociology, South Dakota State University are developing a team teaching approach to the introductory sociology course of the department.

The article presents a study, which investigates the causes for a significant increase in mutual fire insurance companies' market in New York and Michigan from 1901 to 1950. An analysis of the fire insurance industry as it has gone through a succession of stages from competitive structure, to collusive oligopoly, under ineffective public regulation and on to a re-activation of competition, is presented. It is claimed that the latter has been brought about chiefly, but not exclusively, by the vertical integration of groups of carriers of fire insurance into the insurance business by the establishment and growth of mutual insurance companies. The analysis in this paper has taken place in the framework of four time periods: time period one starts when rating bureaus first began to function and ends when state regulation of fire insurance rates began. Time period two begins with this state regulation and ends when mutual fire insurance companies had made a substantial inroad on the market share of the stock companies. Time period three commences where time period two terminates and ends when stock company rate deviations from bureau rates became a strong factor in the market.

The title of this paper, College Education As a Requirement for Public Accountants in New York State, is rather ambiguous. It suggests that all public accountants practicing in New York must meet certain scholastic requirements. Of course, this is not true. There is no law in New York State restricting the practice of public accounting to certified public accountants (CPA). The college education requirement mentioned in the title refers to the New York CPA law which became effective from January 1, 1938. This law specifies that candidates for the examination leading to certification must be graduates of colleges or schools of accountancy registered by the State Education Department as maintaining satisfactory standards. To meet satisfactory standards, a school must offer a four-year course, or its equivalent, in cultural and business subjects including 24 hours of accounting, 8 hours each of business law and finance, and 6 hours of economics. This law, which for the first time set minimum scholastic requirements at college level, did not become effective until January 1, 1938.

The article focuses on the twenty-sixth annual convention of the American Accounting Association that was held in New York from December 29 to 30, 1941. The first session started on December 29, 1941. The topic for the first session was related to accounting principles underlying corporate financial statements. Some of the papers discussed were — "The Cost Principles," by Walter A. Staub, "The Revenue and Income Principles," by James L. Dobr and "The Capital Principle," by Samuel J. Broad. The second session was held on the same day. Six years ago in this city at the twentieth annual meeting of the American Association of University Instructors in accounting the association was reconstituted as the American Accounting Association. At that time many felt that what was accomplished at that meeting was only a streamlining of name and only a few recognized the change as particularly significant. For some years prior to 1936 a small group of members were attempting to awaken the association to its opportunity to render a real service.

The article provides information on the proceedings of the International Congress on Accounting held in New York in September 1929. The first day's program of the Congress was mainly devoted to the general subject, "Legislation and Education for the Accounting Profession." The two aspects come rather naturally together, since "legislation" deals with the conditions under which those qualified can practice and "education" deals with the methods of becoming qualified. Nationals from twelve countries presented original papers on the topic, and E. Van Dien, President of the Amsterdam Congress on Accounting in 1926, reported on nine others. In matters of education, a interesting diversity exists and there is much to learn from others' views. Throughout runs a strong sentiment for more and better educational preparation, and it is pointed out that older professions have achieved their enviable standing and their legislative support in a very large measure by increasing their members' capacity for true service through ever rising educational standards. Nowhere can statutory monopoly produce a true profession.

The New York City Department of Health considered introducing child-resistant medicine containers in its facilities in an attempt to decrease accidental poisonings. Concern for the possibility that these containers could create problems for patients and even contribute to hazards, for young children led to an exploration of how these containers were handled in actual use in a free-living population. This paper compares the experience of users of one type of safety container to that of users of standard containers based on information from, interviews and observations in the home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the editorial skills and acumen of the New York-based journalist, William T. Porter, who successfully pioneered in a unique editorial field with his weekly sporting paper, the 'Spirit of the Times,' and published anthologies of American frontier humor and life. Porter's acknowledgement of the many contributors to the Sporting paper; Porter's connection with writer, artist and newspaper editor Thomas Bangs Thorpe; Porter's skill in selection and arrangement of material; Porter's editorial work in the anthologies.

The article focuses on seasonal variations in the New York money market. It was nearly a half-century ago that W. Stanley Jevons read before the Statistical Society of London his classic paper on the Frequent Autumnal Pressure in the Money Market, and the Action of the Bank of England. Since that time several others han made careful studies of the seasonal movements of the London money market. The subject of seasonal variations in American money markets, however, has been largely neglected by economists, although the fact that the U.S. is to such a large extent an agricultural country makes the subject one of great importance on this side of the Atlantic. The seasonal swings of the money market are quite varied in different parts of the country, and as limits of space prevent a consideration here of more than one city, one shall confine himself/herself largely to New York City, the country's principal money market. The best two criteria for seasonal fluctuations in the New York money market are probably call interest rates on the New York Stock Exchange, and percentages of reserves to deposits in New York associated banks.

Medicare was bitterly opposed by the medical profession before it became law in 1965. This paper examines how individual physicians reacted, in their behavior and in their thinking, to Medicare after it became law. The more general issue is the role of law as an instrument of social change. Interviews with a sample of New York State physicians before the law was passed and reinterviews at two points in time after the law was passed-once before the program went into effect and again about six months after it had gone into effect-make it possible to separate the direct effects of the law itself on attitudes from the effects of short-term experience with the program. There has been no evidence of a physicians' boycott of Medicare. With respect to their attitudes, the proportion of physicians in favor of the main part of Medicare, the hospitalization program for the elderly (Title 18, Part A), jumped from 38% before the law was passed to 70% ten months after it was passed, even before it was implemented, and again to 81% six months after it was implemented. Some laws, according to these results, may influence attitudes without first changing behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts at educational reform between 1890 and 1930 in New York were more successful in medicine than in law. This paper considers influences favoring medical reform: a rapid introduction of new knowledge and techniques; a national, even international competition for medical esteem; a visible need for expensive instructional facilities; a solid connection of schools of medicine with universities; a strong professional association; and several other forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For almost four years New York City and the Rand Corporation have been engaged in an enterprise distinctive if not unique: the subjection of a wide variety of the City's problems to the scrutiny of independent analysts. This paper* is the attempt of a participant in that enterprise to describe the background of that effort and the novel arrangements made to institutionalize it, to outline the nature and effect of the analyses produced, and then to reflect on some of the lessons this effort has taught some of its participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents updates concerning the field of operations research as of 1960. The Seventh International Meeting of the Institute of Management Sciences will be held in New York City from October 19 to 22. The Argentine Operations Research Society had elected officers of its directing council. The Operations Research Association of Bangalore held its Third Annual General Meeting in Bangalore, India in February 27. The Canadian Operations Research Society has elected D. B. DeLury as president.

From 1913 to 1963 the Republicans held continuous sway over the Board of Supervisors in Dutchess County, New York. In the November election of 1963 party control changed. This paper describes an attempt, by means of interviews with both candidates and voters, to discover the forces motivating voters to abandon their traditional voting habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information about events related to sociology and psychology to be held during June-December, 1960. The Sixty-eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association will be held in Chicago during September 1-7, 1960. The American Sociological Association will convene for its fifty-fifth annual meeting at Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York City, during August 29-31, 1960. The Association for Education in Journalism will hold its 1960 convention at Pennsylvania State University during August 29-September 2, 1960. The program will include sessions on media analysis, for which papers have been solicited from researchers in various fields besides journalism. Further information may be obtained from the Program Chairman, Wayne A. Danielson, School of Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Syracuse University, New York, has announced that the third annual Maxwell Institute on American Overseas Operations would be held at Pinebrook Conference Center, Saranac Lake, New York, during August 14-27, 1960.

The article offers information on various meetings related to biological sciences. It announces that a symposium on the fundamental aspects of the oviduct in animals and man will be held from July 31 to August 4, 1967 at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, and an international symposium on algae, man and the environment, sponsored by Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York and the New York State Science and Technology Foundation, New York, will be held from June 18 to 30, 1967 in Syracuse. It offers information on the XIV International Ornithological Congress which was held from July 24 to 30, 1966 in Oxford, England. It mentions that the congress included Plenary Sessions in which recent advances in population ecology, physiology and systematics were reviewed.

In recent years many public outcries and expressions of indignation have focused on the claim that the poor pay more for the goods and services they buy than do their wealthier neighbors. A number of empirical studies have been undertaken to examine the specific question of the relative cost of food to low- and high-income consumers. Federal agencies, local governments, civic groups ad hoc consumer groups, the news media, and academic researchers have pursued these studies. This paper analyzes a comprehensive survey of food prices conducted in New York City during the summer of 1967 by the New York City Council on Consumer Affairs. The regression results of this study suggest that commodity-by-commodity with few exceptions, the prices of food items on retail merchants' shelves do not rise with decreases in neighborhood income. The cost of food may, in fact, be greatest to the poor, but a complete investigation of this issue will require data and discussion that go beyond the level of relative shelf prices in stores serving areas with different incomes.