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The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Columbus, Ohio on April 18-21, 1965. The paper on the "The Use of Fodder and Livestock Units in Agricultural Geography: A Case Study of Soviet Land Use Policy," by John Anderson focuses on the need for better research tools in agricultural geography. The fodder unit, a concept development by livestock nutritionists, while having some limitations, appears to have some potential for research in agricultural geography.

Presents an abstract of papers presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Cincinnati, Ohio. "The Marine Terraces," by Charles S. Alexander; "Conflicting Claims to Sovereignty Over Sea Areas," by Lewis M. Alexander; "Some Regional Aspects of Agricultural Land Use and Development in the U.S.," by James R. Anderson.

Presents abstracts of papers contributed to the program of the forty-third annual meeting, held in Columbus, Ohio. "Principles Underlying Domestic and Place Names," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Weaknesses of Current Cartographic Profiles," by William E. Davies; "A Method of Constructing Azimuthal Air Charts With Any Selected Place at the Center," by Carl H. Mapes; "Presents Status of The International Map of the World at 1:1,000,000," by Eleanor M. Rowell; Others.

Describes Ohio-based Celina Group's strategy to reduce its dependence on business forms. Paperwork problems encountered by the company; Redesign of the company's policy forms.

Focuses on American Indian ethnohistorical materials in Ohio. Settlement toward the end of the 18th century; Standard American-Indian relationship.

This paper examines the potential of the church as an effective force in community decision-making. Community leaders in 14 small, southern Ohio communities were identified. Data gathered from them indicated that the church has a great potential for influencing local decision-making. Over 90 per cent of the community influential: identified themselves as church members and over two-thirds attend two-thirds or more of the services. Many indicated the church was the organization which provided them with the greatest personal satisfaction. However, the influential: did not perceive the church as presently being very important in local decision-making. Less than one-half said the church was very important when compared with other community organizations. Church leaders and change agents should be made aware of this potential and help churches be- come more active in local decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the proceedings of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society Council Meeting, Held on Thursday, April 27, 1971, held at the Cleveland-Sheraton Hotel, Cleveland, Ohio. Resolutions concerning deceased members of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society should be published as obituaries in the Sociological Focus. Physician Olmstead reported for the publications committee. He indicated that the publications committee was currently seeking a new editor for Sociological Focus. He also reported on the number of papers submitted in the undergraduate and graduate paper competition. At the undergraduate level the committee has selected two CO. President Useem then introduced the topic of convention development It was moved that the principle of establishing an office of executive secretary, and/or business manager (which would be ad hoc for now) be approved. Such an executive secretary and/or business manager will work on the managerial issues of the society. The resolution was passed. The executive committee will designate an acting executive secretary.

The article presents minutes of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society's (OVSS) Annual Business Meeting to be held on May 1, 1970 in Akron, Ohio. The meeting was called to order by president Dwight G. Dean. The minutes of the last annual business meeting were unanimously approved as circulated. Researcher Don Olmsted reported for the Publications Committee. He reported on the functions of the Publications Committee: acting as an editorial board for the OVSS journal, "Sociological Focus," and conducting the OVSS student paper competition. Names of the winners of the student paper competition were withheld until the annual banquet. Sociologist Kenneth Eckhardt reported for the Membership Committee. He reported that the membership of the OVSS currently stands at 795. Frank Westie reported for the Development Committee. His report indicated that the Council had approved the appointment of student members to standing committees. In addition, he reported that the Development Committee would be circulating questionnaires to the membership of the OVSS concerning actions the Society should take concerning major issues in the larger society.

In this article the author proposes a system for teaching elementary accounting. Because it might be contended that this paper is attempting to make a virtue out of necessity or rationalizing that which had to be, according to the author, the system of teaching accounting at Miami University, Ohio was inaugurated before restrictive legislative appropriations might have forced the same system on accountants. Furthermore, because of the latter factor, it may be that what accountants are doing is not now as unique as it might have been some years before. According to the author, laboring under a delusion in believing there is or ever was anything unique in methods. All students take the same course regardless of whether they are accounting majors, business students interested in other majors, or students in other divisions of the University taking the course for various reasons.

The article presents the proceedings of the annual business meeting of the Ohio valley sociological society. Don Olmstead reported for the Publications Committee. He reported on the search for a new editor, the maintenance of the publication, Sociological Focus at the University of Akron, and the exploration of future publication possibilities between the OVSS and other societies. Whereas the innovative and sematic scheme of the program produced interesting and provocative papers and discussions. Be it resolved that Chairman Marvin Olson and Program Committee members Elizabeth Mullins, and John Scanzoni be recognized for their efforts and that their universities be so informed. Whereas, the three year term of office for the following officers of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society has expired, be it resolved that the new officers and membership recognize the extraordinary efforts and contributions made by: Shailer Thomas, Secretary; Charles Westie, Treasurer; John Lindquist Editor of Sociological Focus.

The article reports on the development of a model that uses existing data and theory to determine commercial structure in depressed urban neighborhoods. The model, which is based on the problems of neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio, and other cities with populations of at least 50,000, offers assistance for marketing-related dilemmas. The author proposes that the development of large retail chains and other service stores in depressed urban neighborhoods is dependent on short and long-term consumer demand. Government enterprise programs that are used to stimulate small businesses in the U.S. are also discussed.

Various current union proposals for a guaranteed annual wage assume that, during periods of unemployment, employees covered by the guarantee will be eligible for benefits under state unemployment compensation laws. Some of the legislative and administrative implications of this assumption are discussed in this paper by William Papier who is director of the Division of Research and Statistics of the Bureau of Unemployment Compensation of the State of Ohio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of this article says that three years ago, Toledo, Ohio, supplier of more than a hundred parts to the motor industry, was commonly regarded by its customers as a sore spot on the industrial horizon. The power strike shortly thereafter gave Toledo a bad name nationally, and pitched Toledoans into the depths of despair. First followed a scramble to secure manufacturing facilities outside of Toledo, the town that could not beat back unionism. People at this time did not perceive, what they now know to be a fact, that these conditions were not peculiar to one city but applicable to industry at large. As a direct result, the Toledo Associates, unique in the field of press relationships, was formed in August 1935 to tell the story. A governing committee of five was selected from the ranks of members to plan and approve the work. In early days of the work, conferences were held with working reporters on local newspapers to get their slant on desirable services in opening up industrial news sources and on the type of features and current stories which would be available from time to time.

The forty-fifth annual meeting of the "American Economic Association," will be held in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 28-80, with headquarters at the Hotel Netherland Plaza. The Bureau of Economic and Business Research of the College of Commerce and Journalism, University of Florida, has completed two studies relating to the forestry resources of Florida. The studies deal more particularly with timber conservation and the lumber industry. Copies of the studies may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Bureau. The Faculty of Law of Northwestern University announces that a prize of $1,000 and a bronze medal as a first prize, and five sums of $100 each as second prizes, will be awarded to the authors of the best monographs on the subject, "Negotiable Instruments In Their International Relations." The Brookings Institution, at the request of the National Advisory Council on Radio in Education, is sponsoring a program on current economic and governmental problems. These are given over a nation-wide network on successive Saturday evenings, beginning November 12.

The history of rural society in America can be described as the change from relatively homogeneous, self-sufficient communities to communities with differentiated societies and economic systems dependent upon the urban market. A transitional society is one which has experienced modifications in its folk-sacred structure as a result of direct influence from an urban-secular society, or through sui generis internal differentiation, or both. The society from which the data in this paper has been drawn seems to display what might be called an equilibrium between urban-secular. The society analyzed in this paper is located in a broad bottomland area along the Ohio River and extending along two counties. The general culture of early settlement period will not be discussed in detail. In brief, it conformed to the typical self-sufficient early nineteenth century American rural community, small subsistence farms, closely-knit extended family structure, well-developed patterns of mutual aid, communal gatherings such as picnics, barn-raisings, and the like, personal status differences but only vague socioeconomic class distinctions.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Base Map as a device for community study. Base Map is a cross section of a given region, giving a snapshot of some particular set of facts within that area. It is intended to show graphically the geographical distribution and relationship of these facts. In laying out a plan of study for any community it becomes apparent that there is certain basic information which will be called for time and again in connection with various studies. Some method of getting this foundation data into graphic and easily available form is needed. In Cincinnati the base map was called into action to provide a way of doing this. The procedure in the making of these maps is so simple that no especial technical skill is required. Chief points upon which care is required are in obtaining accurate information from authoritative source, and the exercise of patience and exactness in the plotting of the data. Ordinarily a bound index accompanies each map to give further information supplementary to the map itself.

The article focuses on values of a community-training program for child- care workers. A survey of a community training program for child-care workers in Cleveland, Ohio, sponsored by the Children's Council of the Welfare Federation of Cleveland, was conducted by the writer in order to strengthen the program by first evaluating its effectiveness. An important finding was the appreciation by the workers of the values that the training program had for them and it is the purpose of this paper to present their views. At the time of the survey in March 1958, the training program was nearing the end of its fourth year. Three basic courses had been repeated at irregular intervals: "The Why's of Children's Behavior," "The Day of a Child in a Children's Institution," and "Teamwork and Communication." The setting of the courses was a university. Instructors were recruited from the social agenda, from the faculty of the School of Applied Social Sciences and Fenn University, and from the psychiatric and psychological consultant staff of the various institutions.

In connection with planning for the future of an urban area, it is necessary to determine both the amount of land that should be set aside for the various major land uses and the logical pattern of distribution for these use requirements. This paper deals with the manufacturing phases of this general land problem in the Cincinnati metropolitan area (defined for this purpose as including the northern parts of Kenton and Campbell Counties, Kentucky, and all but the extreme western part of Hamilton County, Ohio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the 17th annual convention of American Association of University Instructors in Accounting which was held in Cincinnati, Ohio from December 28-29, 1932. Various topics discussed at the convention were recent Developments in accounting methods, problems of accounting teaching, accounting and law and problems of accounting research. The article also presents a list of professors who had read papers on these topics during the convention. The annual dinner was held on December 28, at 7:00 p.m. After introductions in which each member in turn arose, announced his name and his connection, professor F.W. Woodbridge announced the name of the winner of the scroll awarded by Beta Alpha Psi, the national accounting fraternity in the U.S., for the most notable contribution to accounting literature during the year ended April 30, 1932. The scroll was awarded to A.P. Richardson, editor of "Journal of Accountancy," for his book "The Ethics of a Profession." Following the announcement of the award, J.L. Carey, secretary of the American Institute of Accountants was introduced and he spoke briefly.

The article presents the author's comments on the research paper by professor Elmore Petersen published in the April 2, 1940 issue of the "Journal of Marketing." The geographic economy of Denver, Colorado is used as an example of trading area research. Differences between the Denver market and the market in Akron, Ohio are noted. A survey of locational factors in manufacturing from Akron is referenced. Many companies reported geographic changes in their trade areas due to the depression and rubber companies' decentralization.

The article presents the use of slides in accounting instructions. During 1937 Accounting Department at the Ohio State University, purchased a 3X4 slide projector. Most of the slides consisted of solutions to problems and were used in classes which could be scheduled to meet in the room equipped for projection. It is not necessary to prepare separate copy for each slide in a step-by-step series. All of the slides in the worksheet series were prepared from a single copy of the complete illustration. This was accomplished by blocking out portions of the copy with white paper. The projector can be adapted for use in various size classrooms by means of lenses of different focal lengths. This type of machine because its fan is noisy, can he used more effectively if it is placed behind the students. The fan is necessary because of the high wattage of the lamp required to permit projection in a lighted room. Any type of white surface is suitable for use as a screen for black and white projection.

The article presents minutes of the Ohio Valley Sociological Society (OVSS) Council Meeting to be held on April 30, 1970 in Akron, Ohio. The meeting was called to order by president Dwight G. Dean. Minutes of the last Council Meeting were approved as circulated to members of the Council. Robert Schmidt reported for the Local Arrangements Committee. Sociologist Robert Schmidt indicated that he had been contacted by researcher Carleton Smith, the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee to study the impact of the OVSS convention on the community. Concerning the possibility of setting up a table near the registration area for the purpose of collecting banquet tickets so that welfare recipients and representatives of the Welfare Rights Organizations could attend the OVSS banquet. In addition, he requested that the Welfare Organizations be given time at the conclusion of the banquet to present some comments to the convention. After extensive discussion, the Council approved a motion moved by researcher Richard Hill, to permit Smith to set up the table which he had described. The Council expressed their appreciation for Smith's efforts in bringing his case before the OVSS Council.

Throughout the past two decades this nation has completed the major portion of a 42,500 mile system of interstate highways. The project is the most expensive public works program ever undertaken in this country. As such, scholars in government and universities have researched the impact upon the economy of local communities, regional travel patterns, and land development. One area of research has been the development problems in the areas around inter changes. This paper traces the major research findings concerning interchange development and reports the hypotheses and findings of a study of land use changes at interchanges along the Ohio Turnpike.

The major problem of base theory is the lack of an acceptable and objective technique to identify the export and service employment in the local economy. In this article, researchers propose and test a new approach to handle this problem. The findings as presented in this paper further confirm researchers belief that the Location Quotient approach is not an appropriate technique to measure and forecast the economic base of a region. This conclusion is in complete agreement with other studies that have also evaluated this technique." However, researchers go beyond these criticisms and findings by presenting a new approach for conducting economic base analysis. The new model provides the regional analyst a more objective tool for conducting economic base analysis and it can show him how national growth may constrain local growth despite his efforts to boost local employment. Another unique characteristic of this new model is that it can be easily linked to national quarterly models of the U.S. economy such as the Wharton or Brookings model.

The article reports the announcement of the 1970 annual meeting of "Ohio Valley Sociological Society." It is informed that the annual meeting will be held in Akron, Ohio. The dates are April 30, May 1, and May 2, 1970. It is also informed that the papers for publication may be sent to Peter Manning, the Program Chairman.

This article highlights the problems concerning accounting education in U.S. colleges. There is a feeling that college accounting courses are too ambiguous, too much of a confusion, and too theoretical. Too many college graduates feel an accounting position is theirs by right of their degree in accounting without requiring them to do any detail work. Too many people without any natural aptitude for accounting are encouraged in colleges. The first criticism, centering around class-room "theory," has been broadcast ever since the advent of the school of business administration. The second criticism is a reflection upon the type of instruction found in most schools in creating a mental attitude in the student which is not particularly beneficial. It has been found that men receive highest compensation from public accountants and metal manufacturers and the lowest salaries are paid to them by transportation companies and motion-picture exchanges. Municipalities pay the best salaries to women accountants, with public accountants second; while hospitals are the least remunerative of all.

The article presents a report on the fifteenth annual convention of the American Association of University Instructors in Accounting, held in hotel Cleveland on December 29 and 30, 1980. President A.H. Rosenkampff presided over the sessions. The annual dinner of the association held on Monday, December 29, at 7:15 P.M. At the close of the dinner, President Rosenkampff called for reports of committees. The Classification of Accountancy services as presented by the American Society's Committee, may be worked out for students who are preparing to enter the professional field of accountancy. The Committee on Research sent out, under date of August 19 1980, to the entire membership, a Questionnaire on the Treatment of Appreciation. The content of the report of Membership Committee was divided into, Organization of the Committee, Plan of Operation, Results and Conclusions. The plan of procedure followed by the committee seems to hold much promise.

The article presents details on the preliminary program of the fifty-fifth annual meeting of the American Economic Association. This meeting was scheduled to be held in Cleveland, Ohio, form December 29-31, 1942. It was cancelled on November 20, 1942, in response to a request issued by the Office of Defense Transportation that civilian travel be curtailed during late December 1942 and early January 1943. Some topics of discussion for this meeting were: in what areas or for what functions is private enterprise necessary or superior, problems related to price control and rationing, the restoration of international trade, financial and government contract.

In the November issue of the American Journal of Sociology appears an article on "Social Science Abstracts," by Professor F. Stuart Chapin, describing factors which led up to the establishment of an international cooperative effort in which more than 1,700 scholars participate. It is noted that this journal publishes 15,000 abstracts each year, based upon the systematic examination of about 400,000 articles contained in 4,000 serials printed in 26 languages. The processes of selection, checking, assignment, follow up, recording, editing, proof reading, and correspondence as well as the business activities of financial management, bookkeeping and circulation, take the full time of twenty persons on the central editorial staff. The Social Science Research Council at its annual meeting in Hanover, New Hampshire, held during the first week of September, adopted the following declaration with respect to research in colleges. The Social Science Research Council is thoroughly In accord with the view that the primary functions of the American college relate to teaching rather than to research, but the Council is deeply concerned none the less with the policies under which American collegiate education Is being conducted.

The article presents information on news about Afro-Americans in the mass media especially with regard to the daily press. In a study of Afro-American news in the daily press of Columbus, Ohio, the author found two of the above possible action programs freely espoused by action groups. Some leaders wanted the newspapers to leave out all identification of race while others were trying to persuade the papers to label in "good" stories while suppressing the label in "bad" ones. All race relations leaders interviewed expressed the idea that the Afro-American is getting better treatment in the Columbus newspapers than he got ten or fifteen years ago. They all agreed that the main change for the better came about within the last 12 years, but they disagreed widely as to exactly when or why the change occurred. The author's content analysis of Columbus newspapers was designed to find out when and under what circumstances the change came about and with which action program goal it was most consistent. Admitting wide differences in methodologies, in units and in samples, comparisons were made, nevertheless, between the handling of Negro news by Columbus newspapers in 1938-1948 and the handling of Negro news in other places as reported by the research of various analysts. So far as amount of news is concerned, the present study seems to show that Columbus newspapers printed a little more Afro-American news than did the average metropolitan daily

The article focuses on the first proportional representation election in Cincinnati, Ohio. In November, 1925 the City of Cincinnati elected a city council of nine members through the use of proportional representation. The Hare plan of single transferable vote was used and the entire city constituted a single election district. In this respect, the vote in Cincinnati was notable as it occurred in the largest district in U.S. employing this method. In Cleveland, the only other large American city voting in this manner, four election areas have been established. This type of election is frankly an experiment. Just now, a movement for a wider adoption of the plan seems to be in the ascendancy in U.S. Its success or failure in Ohio should have an important bearing on this issue. For this reason, an analysis of the result of the first vote in Cincinnati may be timely. The idea of a council truly representative is new; people's experience has been with government by majority.

The weight of contemporary opinion bases the ability to pay taxes on the level of an individual's income. There are, however, various concepts of income, and these differ in adequacy as measures of taxable capacity. This article is devoted to the calculation of different equity estimates for the Ohio state sales tax when alternative income concepts are used to determine the effective rates of taxation. The various income concepts to be considered are, gross money income, net money income, the Irving Fisher measure of real income, and the Friedman type of permanent income. An attempt is also made at calculating equity estimates when alternative tax bases are considered. For the whole set of income classes under observation the Ohio sales tax is regressive with respect to both gross and net measured annual income, although less so when net income is adopted as the criterion of taxable capacity. The empirical and derived data also support the hypothesis that the sales tax is progressive for the whole set of income classes when the Irving Fisher concept of income is used as the criterion on which to calculate the schedule of tax rates. The same conclusion holds when the permanent income concept is adopted. In all cases the exemption of food to be consumed off the premises of the place of sale makes the tax less regressive. The nonfood exemptions allowed under the law also makes the tax less regressive, but does not have as strong an impact on the rate structure as the food exemption. The legal provision that requires payment of the tax on food consumed on the premises has a slight positive effect in decreasing the regressivity or increasing the progressivity of the sales tax in the gross and net income cases.

The present paper hopes to bring these two aspects together by focusing on a single canal: the Ohio Canal. I propose to evaluate the performance of the venture by constructing estimates of the indirect benefits which accrued to the region as a result of the decline on transportation costs brought about by the constructions of the canal. The Ohio Canal has not been ignored by historians.[5] The consensus of those who have looked at its performance appears to be that the canal was successful. This judgment is based on the impressive measures of change in the region during the first two decades of the canal's operation. The most commonly cited index of returns is rising land values adjacent to the canal. This is presumably a reflection of the gaines from economic activity stimulated by the canal. In the case of Ohio, the data. clearly show considerable expansion along the canal. Between 1836 and 1852 the three counties registering valuation increases of $10,000,000 were all on the canal route. The ten other counties whose valuation increased by $4,000,000-$5,000,000 were all similarly situated on the canal route. Viewed from another perspective, land valuations increased by less than $1,000,000 in sixteen counties in Ohio during this period; only two of them were along the canal. Of fourteen counties along the Ohio Canal, only two registered gains of less than $3,000,000 (Huntington and McClelland 1905, pp. 123 ff.). Population growth is another useful measure cited by the traditional studies of the canal. Between 1830 and 1850 nearly all of the counties experiencing population increases of 10,000 or more were on lines of canals or railroads. Elsewhere gains were much less impressive. Of nine counties on the northern and central sections of the Ohio Canal, all but one increased by 10,000 during 1830-50.[6] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative estimates of the marginal net rates of return which commercial banks realize on their demand deposits, time deposits, and capital stock. To estimate these rates of return, multiple regression analysis is applied to balance sheet data on earnings, costs, deposits, and capital. The data consist of a cross section of 295 member banks in the state of Ohio for each year of the period from 1963 to 1966. Marginal rates of return are estimated for each of these four years. To test the possibility that net rates of return may be influenced by bank size, separate regressions are estimated for banks with total deposits of under and over 10 million dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Have you ever questioned the accuracy of the U.S. Census of Business? How precise are the tabulations of the number of retail establishments in a given area at a particular time? This article compares Census data with independent sources of data, discusses the discrepancies, and offers suggestions for improving the Census of Business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses aspects of advanced marketing courses in U.S. colleges and universities. Advanced marketing courses in this context refer to those which employ the principles of marketing as a prerequisite. The University of Akron's curricula is highlighted as an example. This marketing program includes courses in principles of advertising, advertising, retailing, sales administration, market analysis, and problems in marketing. The aim of the curriculum is to give students a complete understanding of the function of marketing and to acquaint them with the way sales and advertising programs are organized.

The article focuses on the experiences of an early marketing teacher. The author reports on the history of marketing and business administration education in the United States and presents details about courses such as Commercial and Economic Geography, Accounting and Statistics, and Industrial Concentration and Monopoly. Details related to the Business Administration curriculum at Ohio State University are presented. The author also discusses early literature on marketing, methods of studying marketing, and problems in marketing.