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The article presents abstracts of geographical research papers. In the research paper "A Geographical Study of Nova Scotia," researcher R.H. Whitebeek discusses the geographic conditions of Nova Scotia. Lying nearer Europe and possessing many excellent harbors and peopled by immigrants from the best European stocks, the province of Nova Scotia in Canada has now, after 300 years, fewer people than the city of Boston, Massachusetts. Its total manufacturing output is less than that of single companies in New England, and the province has shared but slightly in Canada's economic growth.

Elaborates on the factors affecting the process of publishing a research paper. Quality and importance of the data, analysis, implications and writing; Marketing; Costs of publishing.

The article presents comments of the author on the article, "Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation," by John R. Borchert, published recently in a issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Nonetheless there is considerable question concerning the significance of the five maps that are the core of Borcherts presentation. These remarks are directed to a brief consideration of the significance and interpretation of his maps. It is only proper to think that in the body and foothotes of his paper professor Borchert indicated some of the limitations of his study, that the scale of the maps did not permit the delineation of zones and regions in detail.

Presents a reply to the commentary of John W. Pawling regarding the author's paper "Early Perception of a High Plain in Michigan." Summary of the main points of the paper; Examination of the reviewer's comments; Contentions on Pawling's claims.

Considerable attention has been given recently to the perplexing problem of the relationship between attitudes and behavior (Ehrlich, 1969; Deutscher, 1969; Warner and DeFleur, 1969; Ajzen et al., 1970; Lastrucci, 1970; Tarter, 1970). Methodological issues have been debated, the lack of congruence between attitudes and behavior has been examined, and a variety of solutions have been offered. We are told, for example, that the continuing poor correlation between measured attitudes and overt behavior requires us to search for the intervening variable or variables which apparently obtain (Ehrlich, 1969); or to employ the "direct observation" of the phenomenon under investigation rather than try to extrapolate from paper-and-pencil tests to behavior (Deutscher, 1969); or to develop theories that, in turn, enable us to find indicators that are more valid than the paper-and-pencil type (Lastrueci, 1970); or to simply admit that attitudes as "presently conceptualized play no real role in behavior" (Tarter, 1970). A number of important aspects of attitude research, however, have been obscured or omitted in these discussions. For the surprising aspect of the situation is not, as has often been implied, the lack of congruence between attitudes and behavior, but the persistent use of research designs that are inappropriate for the complexity of the subject under investigation. Further, it is surprising that researchers have failed to draw out other important implications of their research. That is, the fact that an attitude does not lead directly to a behavior does not justify the assertion that attitudes play no role in behavior, or that attitude research lacks significant implications for social life. The basis for this latter statement will be shown below in a discussion of the values of attitude research. It may be that inadequate research designs, valued for their simplicity rather than their appropriateness, are a manifestation of the "publish or perish" syndrome. In any ease, this paper attempts to outline the problems and the values of attitude research, and to demonstrate thereby that such research is of great significance for the understanding of social phenomena. If that significance seems minimized by those studies that have found poor correlation between attitudes and behavior, the fault lies both in the failure to create research designs that reflect the complexity of the problem and in the tendency to exalt the importance of the proximate causes of overt behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the thesis of this paper that the theoretical trend within the sociology of science during the past three decades has increasingly embraced an implicit organic model of science and this is an incorrect model of science. It is further hypothesized that a mechanical model is more appropriate, and many of the empirical "facts" which have supported the organic approach are equally valid for the mechanical. This paper presents an argument to support these hypotheses composed of the following parts. First, the organic and mechanical models are described and discussed as a composite of the famous typologies of Durkheim and Toennies. In addition, those aspects of these models which have undergone conceptual transformation since their early formulation will be discussed insofar as they have a bearing upon the application of the models to the scientific community. Second, the theoretical history of the sociology of science will be presented and critically examined to illustrate exactly how components of the organic model entered this history at various times and in various guises. Third, the social characteristics of science will be compared to the organic and mechanical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author clarifies the points made by critic Leonard Beeghley about his sociological research on four function paradigm. The critic is correct in his contention that the paper missed the point on the dual application in the four function paradigm. The reasons why the paper never went too far with the argument is the lack of necessity to do so. However, the author examined the propositions upon which the four function paradigm is based and finding them contradictory, felt there was no need to deal with the applications of the paradigm that depended upon the validity of the propositions. Furthermore, the difficulties in the paradigm are so abundant that quite independent additional arguments can be advanced against it. Thus, while the argument presented in the research that the paradigm's foundational propositions are contradictory, the arguments presented in the research is quite sufficient.

One of the major gaps in research in TST measured self-conception is data relevant to the assumption that self-conception is a stable structure of meanings attached to self. This paper indicates the inconsistency between current theoretical and empirical orientations in the area of self-conception and outlines three basic models of the processual characteristics of self-conception found in the literature. Using a ten wave panel design in which self-conception is measured repeatedly throughout the subjects' daily interactional routines, specific hypotheses derived from the models are tested. Results suggest which model is most appropriate for the description of the processual characteristics of various aspects of self-conception and the possible errors involved in the continued use of current self-conception research designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is respectfully dedicated to Brian Haywood and André Grenier, of the McGill Sub-Arctic Research Laboratory, who lost their lives on the Korok River in northern Labrador-Ungava while engaged in filed research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consider two isarithmic maps of continuous actual or abstract phenomena in the same area. Research into the character of the relationship may be pursued in various ways depending upon the interests of the investigator and the level of generalization he hopes to obtain. This paper treats some of the cartographic problems inherent in such an investigation and presents the results of an inquiry into the relation between two statistical surfaces in the Great Plains area. If a correlation analysis were undertaken employing data derived from these two maps the resulting index of simple correlation would reveal that the two distributions are in general highly correlated positively, which is not a surprising fact.

Recent attempts to develop symbolic interactionist methodologies have sought to treat the interview as an object of sociological enquiry as well as a research instrument. But their accounts in terms of interactional rules and presentation of selves are primarily concerned with reactions to interviews, and the display of the interview setting in talk is treated as a resource rather than as a topic for investigation. Since such a reliance on the availability of phenomena is also a feature of the `natural attitude', lay and sociological usages of the interview share striking similarities. More specifically, both employ the documentary method of interpretation and, in order to claim a correspondence between theft accounts and some external reality, use remedies to counter misunderstandings. On the basis of tapes of selection interviews, the paper examines the competences and policies routinely adopted to provide for the contexting of talk as interview talk. Given that talk serves to display its setting (this is its reflexive character), talk becomes interview talk as members' managed accomplishment of a knowable context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the range of samples used in recent English and American surveys and proposes an alternative to traditional techniques of sampling and significance testing which, it is suggested, may result in substantial savings in time and research resources. Three distinct applications of sequential sampling tests are illustrated by data derived from the Hull Family Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have long been aware that when they become part of the system they are investigating, their own behavior may a.fleet the behavior they wish to study. Little data has been collected on the effect of respondents on the researcher and the consequences of this on tho research process. The problem is described and analyzed in this paper. We contend that respondents who have special qualities may intrude upon the researcher's role and make it difficult for him to collect necessary data. An illustration is presented from the authors' study of stripteasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No research results are any better than the quality of the data. As scientists, survey researchers must share the problems of measuring, understanding, and controlling bias in their data. The potential sources of bias in survey research are many and varied. They may appear at any one or all of the several stages of the data gathering process. For example, they may occur in the selection of the sample, in the development of measuring instruments, in securing the responses of the persons in the sample, in the respondents replies, in the recording of the responses, and in processing the recorded responses. Even beyond the data collection process, bias may occur, as in the misapplication of statistics and in the interpretation of data. Progress has been made toward identifying and controlling sources of bias in some of these stages of the research process. Perhaps most progress has been made in the sampling stage and in the statistical application stage. Much advance has been made also in the reduction of error at the instrumentation stage. However, considerable work remains to be done on the problems of error control, especially biasing error, at all stages of the research between instrumentation and statistical analysis. This includes getting full response from the sample, accurate answers to the questions asked, and accurate recording and processing of responses. The accumulation of bias from these and other possible sources may be referred to as total or aggregate bias. The total bias may then be divided for analytical purposes into the following types: (1) sampling bias, (2) instrumentation bias, (3) non-response bias, (4) respondent bias, (5) interviewer bias, and (6) processing bias. This paper is an effort to deal with the problem of respondent bias in survey research. That respondent bias is a potent force in diminishing the validity and reliability of results from survey research is well recognized. The recognition of this condition has led to an enormous amount of activity aimed at isolating factors which determine this weakness of research results. These studies, by and large, have dealt with the problem of determining the direction of respondent bias, its magnitude, the speearle variables which produce respondent bias, and the effect of such bias on research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we attempt to do the following with respect to the symbolic interactionist approach to social psychological phenomena: (1) to add to its relatively meager empirical base; (2) to develop a neglected aspect of the position, namely, the time dimension; and (3) to contribute to both the replication and the extension of the limited systematic research which has used this particular framework to focus on the key concept of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of questions have been recently raised or re-raised with respect to the status and intended function in sociology of the methodological device known as the "type." Martindale's summary of the historical and contemporary uses to which the typology has been put as well as his formulation of the issues connected with such use permits the economy of moving directly into a specification of the problems considered in this paper, and the proposed solutions. The present effort is directed primarily at providing one solution to the often raised problem of "the relation between the idealization involved in the type and the empirical reality," although less pressing issues are also treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion related to Jack P. Gibbs' work on analytical typologies in criminology. Gibbs treated as problematic an issue that has been closed for students in the field for sometime. The research was competent, its limitations clearly spelled out for the reader, and the results carefully tied to theory. Certainly, none of the others have attracted as much attention. Expectedly, the best scholarship was to be found among the papers on social theory. Unfortunately, most of these were agonizing efforts over where sociology has been and ineffectual attempts to redirect activity in a more promising direction. One has to constantly remind oneself that sociology began with three interests in mind, a distinctive subject matter, social reform, and the application of the scientific method to social behavior; that one is perilously close to forsaking the first two in mindless deference to the last in that important questions go unasked because one cannot attack them scientifically; that the questions one asks are becoming more and more scientific but more and more trivial, and, in so doing, one is, if not becoming psychologists, following psychology down the path to intellectual oblivion.

Weiss [5] and Freeman and Weiss [2] have shown how to construct sampling plans which at least approximately minimize the maximum expected sample size in the case of Bernoulli and Normal populations. In this paper we construct sequential procedures of this type for the testing of an exponential parameter. An invariance property of the stepping region is presented which simplifies the construction of the Bayes regions. Several sampling plans are given and some of their properties are obtained, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of some numerical evaluations concerning the performance of the TSPRT, and characterizes the situations in which the TSPRT is superior to some alternative procedures. Graphs for the application and study of the TSPRT are also presented, and some suggestive results of additional computations are discussed The calculations are based on the formulae of T. W. Anderson [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the reply of the researchers to the commentary of Wolf Roder on their paper about the settlement of Sosúa, Dominican Republic. Inadequacy of Roder's analysis and reasoning on the situation described in Soú Inaccuracy of the critic's definition of symbiosis; Appreciation of the researchers for the interest of Roder in liberation movement.

The article presents a reply to David I. Blumenstock for his comments on the author's article, "Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation," which was published in the March 1953, issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." According to him Blumenstock's remarks correctly note some of the weak points of the paper. They deserve attention and discussion. For example, some of the percentage figures which are indicative rather than conclusive, were obtained through counting the air mass frequencies as shown on the Northern Hemisphere Surface Maps issued by the U.S. Weather Bureau for the years 1919, 20, 21, 24, 25, 35. 36, 37, 38, and 1939.

Comments on the paper "Early Perception of a High Plain in Michigan," by Bernard C. Peters that was previously published in the 1972 issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Inappropriateness of the paper's title; Ambiguity of the topic under discussion; Failure of Peters to document the reality of the interior plateau.

The article presents comments of the author on a paper on the iron and steel industry by Kuei-Sheng Chang. He has adopted a useful approach in analyzing the locational pattern in terms of major nuclei associated with secondary centers in the various regions in China. Based on my current research, however, I fear that the picture of Communist China's iron and steel industry that emerges in this paper is one exaggerated achievement and it is likely to mislead some readers who have not followed recent developments.

The article presents some comments of geographical researchers on the research papers submitted by them. Just because settlers prefer to locate farmhouses close to a road does not mean that in doing this they also choose non-central locations with respect to the rest of the farm. Working land on both sides of a road is quite common. Also, the tendency of farmhouses to cluster along a highway can be discerned via machine map reading techniques. Quadrant sizes smaller than the period of the road network would detect these. And such linear clusters would not, of course, be related to the settlement processes that are discussed in "A Location Theory for Rural Settlement," by J.C. Hudson.

The article presents information about an international conference, Transportation Research Forum and the College of Europe, to be held at the College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium, from June 18-22, 1973. The theme of the conference will be "Current Issues in Multi-Modal Transportation," and will focus primarily on matters of inter-modal and international significance. The issues to be discussed will span all modes of transportation and their inter-modal relationships, and will concern both passenger and freight movements. The issues will reflect the perspectives of the public and of the private sectors, and will concern research, policy and planning, as well as operations. Descriptive outlines of proposed papers, in English (300-400 words), should be submitted before December 1, 1972 to: Professor Marvin L. Manheim, Room 1-138, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States; or Dr. H. Brugmans, Rector, College of Europe, 8000-Bruges, Belgium.