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In this paper a number of microeconomic models are developed to provide a theoretical framework on which an econometric model of the Argentine cattle sector could be based. The central theme is simple. Cattle are considered to be capital goods which are held by producers as long as their capital value in production exceeds their slaughter value. In essence, producers become portfolio managers seeking the optimal combination of different categories of animals to complement their non-cattle assets, given existing conditions and future expectations. The models developed show clearly the differential impact of parameter changes upon the capital values of animals of different age and sex and indicate that the equations explaining slaughter and average slaughter weight in an econometric model should be disaggregated by animal categories to obtain a meaningful explanation of producers' responses. Such an econometric model was developed and estimated for the Argentine cattle sector for the years 1937-67. The econometric model does a very good job, judging by conventional statistical tests, of explaining the operation and past behavior of the Argentine cattle sector; and the results comply closely with the previously developed microtheory. There is considerable historical interest in the functioning of the Argentine cattle sector, long a prototype of large-scale traditional ranching in Latin America and the source of a significant proportion of world beef exports (nearly 20 percent during the 1960s). This interest has become more sharply focused in recent years because of the stagnation of Argentine agricultural production and the consequent desire in Argentina to formulate an improved governmental policy toward agriculture.[1] Among the factors alleged to be a cause of stagnation is a lack of response by agricultural producers to economic incentives, particularly to price changes. Several efforts were made during the 1960s to test empirically the price responsi... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a theory of cultural marginality is used in examining the role behavior of American business executives in an Argentine community. The data presented verify the hypothesis that although these executives are accepted in their limited roles as workers and guests within the country, they are marginal in that they are not accepted as people willing to share in its culture. The findings suggest that contrary to the charges of some critics, these executives are clearly not manipulating the power structure of the host community, even though a sizable proportion of adults in Argentine City believe that they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents updates concerning the field of operations research as of 1960. The Seventh International Meeting of the Institute of Management Sciences will be held in New York City from October 19 to 22. The Argentine Operations Research Society had elected officers of its directing council. The Operations Research Association of Bangalore held its Third Annual General Meeting in Bangalore, India in February 27. The Canadian Operations Research Society has elected D. B. DeLury as president.

This paper endeavors to move one step nearer to a general theory of absenteeism and labor turnover by uniting and extending two previous approaches. Over a period of years studies have established that absenteeism and labor turnover are associated with a variety of personal and social characteristics of workers. Recently J. M. M. Hill and E. L. Trist have suggested that the integration of the employee into the work force be conceptualized as a process in which all workers are either "leavers" or "stayers," with some of the stayers seeking reasons to withdraw temporarily (become absentees). Our research relates the two approaches by examining the hypothesis that if the absentees are intermediate between stayers and leavers in the process of integration, they will be intermediate on a number of factors classified as "incentives," "barriers to attendance," or "barriers to adjustment." Our data are based on studies of a large cotton factory near Buenos Aires. As incentives we consider wages and conditions of work. As a barrier to attendance we consider distance of residence from the plant. As barriers to adjustment we treat country of birth, age, and length of service with the company. On all of these factors our hypothesis is confirmed. Further research should test the validity of these concepts and seek other incentives and barriers to integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THIS paper started out as a paper on the role of agriculture in the economic development of the Argentine. In effect, this is still what it is. But it is more, for to discuss the role of agriculture one needs to understand the nature of the development process of the economy as a whole. In seeking this broader understanding we have, to our minds, resolved the apparent paradox of inflation coupled with stagnation and heavy unemployment that has characterised the recent history of the Argentine economy. In doing so, we believe that we reveal previous diagnoses and policy prescriptions to have been grounded in fallacy. We have tried to build a model in which the strategic assumptions covering the choice of relevant variables and their magnitudes reflect the realities of the Argentinian situation. This we set out in Section II. In Sections III and IV we set the model to work introducing some additional assumptions, in particular as to government policies and money wage changes. Section V contains a commentary on the devaluations of 1958 and 1962 analysed in the light of the model. Our analysis has policy implications, which we discuss in Section VI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with a taxonomic study of Cyanophyta epiphytic on submerged plants in the following ponds: Chascomús, El Burro, Yalea and Vitel. Keys are given for the identification of the 3 orders, 5 families, 11 enera and 24 species found. The taxa are described and the species illustrated. Eigth species are described for the first time for Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty species of Inoperculate Discomycetes are described herein from the Nahuel Huapí National Park (Argentina), distributed among thirteen genera belonging to the following families: Hyaloscyphaceae, Dermataceae, Sclerotiniaceae y Helotiaceae. Three of them, namely, Calloria, Sphagnicola and Phaeohelotium are recorded for the first time for Argentina. Of the thirty species found, fifteen are new records for this country. The following new combinations are proposed: Cyathicula chlorosplenioides (Speg.) Gamundí (basinym: Helotium chlorosplenioides Speg.); Rutstroemia megalospora (Speg.) Gam. (bas.: Helotium megalosporum Speg.) y Rutstroemia microsperma (Speg.) Gamundí (bas.: Helotium microspermum Speg.). The paper contains a critical study of type material from Spegazzini's herbarium, and the description of a new species of the same general area: Phaeohelotium castaneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the competition for light and water during the summer season in a simple community of weeds which accompany the establishment of pure alfalfa leys causing the rapid loss of the forage species in Rafaela Province of Santa Fé, Argentina. The author evaluated the water structure of plants in the different treatments by determining the relative amount of water in the leaves of some of the species of the community. He mentioned that the relative turgidity of the leaves is correlated with their internal water status.

Data are resented to illustrate the importance of contextual effects in the determination of student political behavior. In order to identify context; the sample population of 999 Argentine university students was divided into relatively homogeneous subgroups by utilizing a factor analysis of student responses to a variety of questions dealing with their political behavior. University departments were characterized by the mean of the factor scores for the students in that department, and then grouped into six contexts on the basis of the departmental mean scores. This technique permitted the identification of widely varying contexts in the political beliefs of the students. By use of an analysis of variance technique, the independent effect that variation in the contexts of learning has upon student? political behavior is demonstrated. This effect is manifested even when taking into account such other factors as level in school, the amount of time spent in the school situation, the level of father's education, and the individual's own political orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short paper, the author reports the presence of Notholaena sulphurea (Cav.) J. Sm. in NW and W Argentina (Jujuy and La Rioja Provinces). A key for the Argentine species of that genus, is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Argentina's economy and the Alliance for Progress program in the 1960s. It states that Argentina differs in social and economic development from most other South and Central American countries. It mentions that the Alliance for Progress was implemented by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961. It comments that while Argentina suffers from some social backwardness and a somewhat stagnant economy, the country does not have a significant land reform problem, has stable population growth, and does not suffer from extensive illiteracy. It talks about Argentina's economic development and its recent political history.

The article focuses on various research papers discussed in different journals. One of the research paper "The Migration of Latin American High-Level Manpower," demonstrates that discussion must be focused on the regional rather than national dimensions of the problem. Economic cooperation and eventually economic integration of Latin American countries will give rise to demands for strategic high-level manpower. Another research paper discusses results of a survey taken in Argentina about the influence of internal movements of the population on the level of political participations.

The article discusses the crisis in universities and colleges in Argentina due to the resignation of more than 1,000 faculties of science and architecture. Resignation of the faculties were attributed to the issuance of a decree placing the eight national universities and one technical college of the country under the control of the Minister of Education. The physical and moral effect of the crisis on the institutions produced an immediate public repudiation throughout the country and abroad. In the U.S., many members of the academic world expressed their concern on how to help their colleagues in Argentina. Kalman H. Silvert, professor of government at Dartmouth College, organized a team to visit the country, assess the problems and report the situation of the scholars.

The article assesses the effect of cattle grazing on plant community structure in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The floristic composition and the distribution of species biomass, grazing pressure, microtopography and range condition were observed in 50 x 50 m areas, regularly spaced along linear transects, from the water source to the farthest corner in each field. The vegetation shows a very complicated pattern of variation, consisting of the aggregation of clumps of different size, with characteristics plant coverage, floristic composition, micro-edaphic and microclimatic characteristics.

The last decade has witnessed a marked increase in the study of social anthropology, cultural sociology and archaeology in several Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. There are several booknotes that will serve to illustrate some of the trends in this phase of sociology in these three countries. E. Roquette-Pinto, of the Brazilian Academy, is one of the most active and critical of Brazil's social anthropologists. In his book "Ensaios de Anthropologia Brasiliana," he is concerned primarily with population, migration and race. This last subject occupies more than half of the volume and ranges from race fertility to the spiritual qualities of the Negroes, Japanese, Indians, Hindus and the Portuguese. Eugenics is a side problem with those of race and population. The most important essay in the volume is on the anthropological types of Brazil, in which he reviews critically the accumulated literature on the subject. Numerous North Americans are cited and their views discussed. Of the fifteen essays in the Brazilian Studies, three are of especial interest to readers.

Although rural sociology as such has received scant attention in Argentina, due primarily to a theoretical preoccupation with European schools and systems, the adaptation of European theories to the interpretation of Argentine national history has resulted in considerable attention to the role of rural-urban conflict in the course of national development. Particularly in the sociological interpretation of the long dictatorship of Rosas has rural-urban conflict been emphasized, whether in terms of urban civilization and rural barbarism, urban commercialism and rural feudalism, or urban white supremacy and rural Indian or mestizo supremacy. Lacking concrete studies of particular urban and rural social organizations and institutions, these theories resolve into opposition of two meta-physical forces in a philosophy of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines long swings in British investment in Argentina in the period 1880-1914. Explanations on the inverse British patterns; How the analysis of movements of both labor and capital can be conducted.

Examines the characteristics of Argentine society in terms of its position in the international stratification system. Comparison between the diffusion of certain values results in stratification dimensions and the prestige of social positions; Accounts on the formation of modern Argentina in the second half of the past century; Derivation of the dramatic concept of stagnation from linear projections.

The development of sociology in Argentina is so intimately tied up with the history of the country that it is in a special sense a part of that history. Spain's repressive policy at home and in her colonies had left the peoples which later became Argentina with little knowledge of any sort of social theory. Manuel Belgrano had been educated in Europe and had brought back to his position as secretary to the Consulado an outlook which made him the initiator of various economic reforms in the colonial administration at the end of the Eighteenth Century which helped to prepare the way for the Revolution of 1810. The Napoleonic conquest of Spain and the suspension of the legitimate Spanish monarchy gave the people of the Rio de la Plata region an opportunity for revolution. Once the revolution was accomplished, the criollos were compelled to govern themselves. The two men who stand out are Mariano Moreno and Bernardino Rivadavia. The former had been trained in the University of Charcas, in Bolivia and had imbibed the doctrines of the French Revolution. So strong was his personality that after less than once year in the government, he has influenced the democratic tendencies of the country throughout its history.

Analyzes the rank-size distribution of cities as well as subareas in Argentina. Regularities relating rank and size of cities; Alternative patterns of city distribution; Methodological criterion to measure rank-size rule in empirical distributions of cities; Relation between the primacy of the city and the closure of the country.

The agricultural pattern of Mendoza, Argentina, has two main elements, an early-developed region of vineyards around Mendoza city, and a region to west, south, and east with more crop diversity and modern technology. Four principal factors contribute to the difference between these two, 1) climate; 2) the chronology of agricultural settlement; 3) land tenure; and 4) the manner of water provision. The Mendoza city region is associated with higher temperatures and longer growing season than the peripheral region, with earlier development of irrigated land, with backward forms of land tenure, and with only limited use of well water to aid river supplies. Both land tenure and water provision are changing factors with considerable impact on the rate of agricultural development. The probable qualitative effect of two further changes in water supply, high dams, and new water control legislation, is comparable to that of well use. By contrast, canal lining and river diversion are primarily quantitative additions with little developmental effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the climate of the Argentine Republic according to a new classification. The purpose of a climatic classification is to characterize climatic regions in terms of those principal elements, such as temperature and precipitation, which are the most decisive in the determination of the landscape of the earth's surface. Moreover, it attempts to develop the similarities which these great climatic units bear to each other and their relation to their principal causes, the effect of latitude and of atmospheric and oceanic circulation, in opposition to geographic accidents.

Discusses whether determinism in geography leads immediately to understanding or misunderstanding in the search for knowledge. Consideration of the geography of Argentina from an explanatory standpoint as example; Unknowable causes and unforeseeable future; Individual and worldwide indeterminism; Status of social science.