Search

The article looks at three aspects of European capital markets. It considers the characteristics of integrated capital markets, the relationship of integration to efficiency, the extent to which developments have affected integrated capital markets, and the prospects for future development. The author notes that, while Europe contains capital markets of importance, no European capital market exists, leaving markets for long-term capital to be organized on unintegrated national lines. The efficiency of European capital markets are considered from an international point of view. Capital markets in Germany, Sweden, Great Britain, and other European countries are discussed.

The author reports on government sponsored long range business planning which has occurred in countries through Europe including Norway, Sweden and Great Britain. Business planning which has occurred between governments and the private sector is discussed. Challenges which exist regarding interrelationships between countries and the private sector are discussed, including the differences in planning between the various countries in western Europe or they may be disagreements between the public and private sector in a country.

The article presents a discussion about the spread of the British flora existing from late-glacial period. The article aims to identify which plant species survived the last Ice Age era by examining evidence from the late-glacial condition in north-west Europe such as fruits, seeds, pollen grains, flora, and fauna. It is noted that after such condition, tree-less tundra appeared due to the commencement of ice in regions such Denmark, Sweden, and Germany. An examination was conducted on plants, fossils, habitats, climate, and soil which resulted to the identification of several species widely existing beyond their present-day area in Great Britain like the Polenium, Teucrium scordium, and Dryas octopetala.

In Western society the process of fertility decline is often regarded as an innovation process. The assumptions behind this approach seem rather questionable, and the diffusion lags or gradients of limited importance. Both Swedish and other European data are used as illustrations. It is suggested that the decline be treated within the wider sociological perspective of a time-consuming adjustment or change process, not necessarily starting from a position of completely uncontrolled fertility within marriage. The situation in to-day's high fertility populations is briefly discussed against this background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]