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Data drawn from marriage and birth records are used to relate career and intergenerational mobility. The data show that among each of four groups of sons whose fathers shared an occupational stratum at the son's marriages, intergenerational mobility is systematically related to the career mobility of their fathers. The relationship observed is entitled class regression because the sons most likely to be upwardly mobile are sons of fathers who were downwardly mobile over their careers. Conversely, those most likely to be downwardly mobile are sons of fathers who have been upwardly mobile over their careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the factors influencing student political opinion. Some of the factors that influence is the preference given by fathers' and their sons or daughters during college life, the correlation of mothers' and fathers' political choices with reference to those of their children in college, and the relation of the college students' choice to the consistency of the fathers'. Also It has been believed that church affiliation has considerable bearing on political preference. Political and moral liberalism was another factor closely linked with the preferences of students. The views of the press being another important factor if student preferences be any indication of the general situation. Lastly It is also generally assumed by many commentators on college life that those students who have to work their way through school, in whole or in part, are inclined to be more radical in matters of politics and economics. The findings demonstrate the extent of the divergence of the students' views and political preferences from those of their parents.

This article presents a study on the social classes of Cambridge University, England alumni of the 18th and 19th centuries. A preliminary random selection of seventy-eight entries was first analysed in order to test the method of classification and tabulation adopted. In addition to these names particulars were also extracted of all relatives, including ancestors and descendants, recorded as having entered the university at any time during the same years, 1752 to 1900. The present use of this material was to discover, if possible, what influence a man's family, his school and his university record have on his subsequent career and his social class. Most of a man's waking hours during his productive years are spent either at work or with his family at home. This was even more true in past years when the hours of work were longer. This habitual companionship for several hours each working day must have a powerful influence in moulding people engaged in the same grade of occupation into one social class. An examination was also made of the relation between fathers' and sons' occupations in 1937 and 1938. It was discovered that a high proportion of sons tended to enter the same profession as their fathers.

After a brief examination of "typical" father-son relationships in several cultures, this study focuses on the youthful relationships with their fathers of fifteen normal working and lower-middle class men, information derived from depth interviews. Expressing rebellious feelings in political terms is completely alien to this sample--even for the four whose relationships with their fathers were damaged. Such damaged relationships, however, are associated with (1) limited political information (because of the need to concentrate on the self in the absence of an appropriate model), (2) authoritarianism, (3) inability to criticize legitimate public figures (because of a need to stifle anti-authority feelings), and (4) a pessimistic view of social improvement. The opposite characteristics, revealed in the majority of the sample, are said to be expressed in American political life and policy in specified ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One parent and a college-age child were interviewed from sixty white upper-middle-class families, in which the parent was highly politically active and identified with either liberal or conservative social causes. The sample contained approximately equal numbers of mothers and fathers and sons and daughters. An analysis of dyadic political attitude agreement suggested that mothers had slightly greater influence on both daughters and sons. An analysis of the association of six independent family variables with parent-child attitude congruence indicated significant association of measures of family political climate with attitude congruence for all dyad$ except mother-son, with father-son dyads showing the greatest association. The reasons for the apparent discrepancies were discussed, along with the suggestion that symbolic interactionist theory provides a useful theoretical framework for political socialization research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthesis of the writings of Mexican social scientists suggests that Mexican family roles are primarily determined by the submission of female to male and of younger to older. The husband wife relationship emphasizes his manliness or machismo and his role as authoritarian patriarch. The father-son relationship tends to be distant, respectful, and frequently severe. The mother helps prepare the son for dominance and independence. The father-daughter relationship is distant though relatively conflict-free. The mother-daughter relationship is very close, the daughter achieving an early identification with the female role. Younger siblings respect the older ones and especially girls their brothers. Sister-sister relations remain close throughout life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Similarity and accordance are compared as the outcomes of 2 sex-role learning processes, modeling on the behavior of the same-sex parent, and internalization of parental expectations. Fathers and mothers of 35 uppermiddle-class boys were interviewed and their seventh-grade sons administered a questionnaire having to do with attitudes toward mathematics. Parental attitudes and expectations for son, were not related to one another. Mother-son similarity proved greater than father-son similarity; maternal warmth, use of psychological control techniques, and low paternal participation in child rearing were significantly associated with mother-son similarity scores. Father-son accordance (behavior conforming to parental expectations) proved to be greater than mother-son accordance; paternal warmth and high participation in child rearing had a significant positive association with father-son accordance, Fathers who had predominantly masculine expectations for their sons and who saw mathematics as a masculine pursuit had higher levels of aspiration for sons' mathematics performance, The findings are discussed in terms of their lack of fit with traditional identification theories of sex-role learning and in terms of their fit with a theory proposed by Johnson. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]