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The article focuses on a study which examined the blanket peats of the southern Pennine, England which occur widely on the flatter ground about c. 400 meters (m) and support a present-day bog vegetation of (E.) Eriophorum vaginatum with only few associated species. It outlines the general characteristics of southern Pennine blanket peats. The pollen diagrams from five sites are examined. Five well-defined horizons were recognized through peat stratigraphy, weed pollen curves and changes in the pollen spectra from local bog vegetation. The possible dates for the horizons are suggested.

The article provides information regarding the predominance of swamps, marshes and bogs in Polesje and White Russia. According to the author, their predominance is accidental because this country is a low one with many rivers and is flooded in spring by the waters of rivers. He adds that it is therefore clear that in time the original marshes, swamps, bogs and extended alderwoods will disappear, it will give place to cornfields, meadows and pastures. In addition, as it was seen from the experiments of the Research Station in Sarny (Pruchnik, 1933) the Polesje soils can give big crops being drained and manure by nitrogenous, potassium and phosphorus manures.

The article presents the results of the pollen analysis of cores of some small bogs in the valley of Dommel River in north Brabant, Netherlands. According to the author, the aim of the pollen analysis is to detect whether an extralocal effect of upland pollen types would be revealed and to what extend the pollen assemblages would differ from those of the Peel raised bogs. The author adds that the sampling point is close to the upland and in the pollen spectra, the pollen types reflect the pollen deposition from the stands surrounding the basin.

The article presents a study on the relationship between the nutrients and moisture in soil and its effect on wet-heath vegetation. Wet-heath seedlings were planted in three sites, namely a valley bog, a Molinietum site and the central associes of wet-heath. By harvest time, it was found that the bog had yielded the least amount of dry matter and nutrient contents, and showed the lowest survival rate of wet-heath seedlings. The highest nutrient contents and wet-heath survival rate were observed in the Molinietum site and central associes. Results also showed that adding phosphorus improved growth in all soils. It concludes that the composition of the natural cover of the plant is affected by the nutrient status, soil aeration and inter-specific competition.

The article presents a study on the association of the Sphagnum to the structure and development of bog stretches in a site in Sutherland, Scotland. Through point quadrants, the vegetation along the strip of bog near Rhiconich was analyzed, and the distribution of species was studied in relation to the oxygen content and oxidation-reduction status. Observations showed that the merging of smaller pools led to the formation of the bogs which are elongated at right angles, as seen in the appearance of right angles to the prevailing slope. The authors conclude that the plant growth of the north-west Sutherland bog was not influenced by the Sphagnum species of the cymbifolium group.

The article presents a study on the factors important on the growth of Schoenus nigricans in the blanket bog. It states that two problems were considered in this study. The first problem is the tolerance of the plant to the base-poor and base-rich conditions, and secondly, the exclusion of this specie from the remainder of ombrotophic bogs of Europe. It discusses the many factors other than edaphic could be responsible for the lack of S. nigricans in British blanket bogs of which absence of seed parents, poor or no seed production under the bog's climatic condition, and the inability to compete with other plants may come to mind.

The article studies peat erosion in the southern Pennines. Previous studies indicate that peat erosion in the blanket bogs of the southern Pennines is compounded of several distinct processes, which were probably initiated at different times and by different causes. The peat erosion can be classified as stream erosion, summit erosion, and marginal recession. The present-day peat blanket on Featherbed Moss is dominated by Eriophorum vaginatum, with associated Eriophorum angustifolium. The peat stratigraphy of Feather Moss is discussed. A pollen analysis was conducted in this study.

The article details the water relations and characteristics of the bog system in Coom Rigg Moss in Northumberland, England. The Sphagnum bog lies across the watershed that separates the Chirdon Burn, a tributary of the North Tyne, from the River Irthing. The peat at Coom is compact and well humified especially in the lower layers and is underlain by a stiff boulder clay. The hydrological cycle at Coom Rigg Moss is detailed. The effect of hydrological cycle on the vegetation at Coom Rigg Moss is reported. The two types of vegetation at Coom Rigg Moss are Sphagnum papillosum and Sphagnum magellanicum.

The article focuses on a study which examined pollen diagrams from four neighbouring sites to try and elucidate the relationship between topography and erosion in southern Pennine, England blanket peats. A pre-peat dissection by the major streams was checked on the basis of the formation of the peat blanket. It investigated the development of the short term intermittent streams draining local areas of the margin of the peat blanket where bursts had occurred as a direct result of the increasing instability of the blanket. A more recent phase of active cutting back of the streamheads into the peat blanket was observed, due in part by deforestation of the lower slopes and a concomitant rejuvenation of the larger streams.

The article examines the vegetation and soils in the South Chilean Islands. South-western Chile is a mountainous region which has an oceanic climate and evergreen rain forest or peat-forming herbaceous vegetation. The hollows at Chepu on Chiloé Island feature woodland dominated by Nothofagus nitida and Tepualia stipularis, which have waterlogged peaty soils of about 60 percent organic content. Meanwhile, on the central uplands of Chiloé Island peat formation still happen mainly in hollows, and Astelia pumila dominates the bog vegetation.

The article discusses the stratigraphy of some Irish bogs. It highlights the detailed stratigraphy of selected sections of eight Irish bogs being recorded and the processes by which bog regeneration has been achieved are hazarded from the sequences of plant communities preserved in the peats. Under the move, little evidence is found for regeneration complex involving pools and degenerating hummock as integral stages of a self-perpetuating cyclic system, although a short cycle complex, less certainly self regulating, are frequently represented in peats of more mature phases.

The article offers information on the features, the habitat, and communities of Calluna which can be found in the British Isles. It relates that Calluna varies in size, habit and other characteristics but much of this variation is plastic and it is characterized in many differences in growth form, size and color of leaves of flowers and flowering time in wild populations which can be inherited. The ecological amplitude of Calluna is fairly wide that includes lowland and upland heaths, moors and bods, open Pinus, Betula and certain types of Quercus wood, fixed dunes and partly stabilized scree. The plant occurs in a wide range of forests and bogs as well as in the numerous types of heath where Calluna is dominant.

The article presents a study on the ecology of Cranesmoor, a New Forest valley bog in England. It relates that New Forest is plateau which is mainly formed of Eocene strata with capping of more recent deposits especially the Plateau gravel. It explores on the history of the place, the bog area which was chosen as the area of the study, and vegetation in Cranes moor. The study provides analyses which show that it takes two to three times greater of the possible annual turnover and the calcium and iron uptake per unit area of vegetation in the flushed areas than in the shielded area. The study suggests that the intensity and base richness of flushing may be a factor in other New Forest valley bogs.

The article presents a study which examines the vegetation of Rhosgoch Common, Radnorshire in Wales. The formations of swamp, bog, wood and rough grassland are recognized. According to the chemical analyses , the presence of a water supply rich in minerals and of high pH to the north of the common and the absence of such a supply to the southern side has led to the present distribution of plant communities and soil types. The study also found that the variation in the level of the water table in the bog communities has been shown to be not only on rainfall but also on the time of year and the location within the bog.

The article presents a study which examines the chemical composition of some bog waters from the Falkland Islands. The study found that the bog waters exhibit unusually high salt concentrations, owing to very heavy deposition of sea spray. The result also revealed that the acidity of bog waters appears due partly to exchange of metal cations in sea spray for hydrogen ions absorbed on the peat colloids and partly to oxidation of hydrogen sulphide generated by peat decomposition. Moreover, according to the study, the relatively large amounts of sea salt deposited on the peaty soils of the Falklands, together with the lightness of the rainfall, may perhaps be of some importance in maintaining their grass cover against degeneration and erosion.

The article presents an analysis of the acidity or alkalinity (pH), specific conductivity of 11 constituents in various natural waters from the Pennine Nature Reserve at Moor House in Teesdale, England. Some of the elements included in the analysis were calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfates, bicarbonate and nitrate-nitrogen. These constituents were taken chiefly from pools on the blanket peats at Bog Hill. It examines the floristic differences between British and Swedish bogs fed solely by atmospheric precipitation in line with differences in the ion concentrations of the bog pools.

The article presents the results of the chemical analysis on the ionic composition of bog and fen waters in Lake District, England. The process examines the acidity levels of the wetlands, its specific conductivity, calcium, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate content. The research aim to relate in a very general way the vegetation of the sites to the composition of the waters and provide information about the types of fresh water seldom examined chemically. Results of the analysis show that samples from different sites also produce different chemical contents.

The article analyzes the chemical structures of bog and fen waters in Northern Great Britain. It is understood that understanding their acidity, specific conductivity and calcium content is a helpful way in characterizing the different types of wet habitat. A study conducted by a group of researchers aim to obtain those information through the examination of water samples from various sites in the nation. Results of the analysis show that chemical structure of water vary in every location providing a proof that water from various sources contain different levels of acidity, specific conductivity, and calcium content.

The article presents a study which examines the vegetation of Figyn Blaen Brefi, an upland bog in Wales. A Callunetum forms a continuous band down the center of the bog as a result of the lowering of the water table due to erosion. According to the preliminary investigation of the peat, Figyn Blaen Brefi developed from Phragmites swamps in depressions in the boulder clay. The study found that the vegetation in the drier parts is dominated by Calluna vulgaris while Eriophorum angustifolium is attempting recolonization in the wetter areas.

The article reports on the study of the coastal peat beds of the British Isles and North Sea. The study examines the stratigraphy and formation of coastal peat beds through its plant content, sea-level, pollen analysis, eustatic and isostatic factors in land and sea-level change. It identifies plant remains, wood, leaves, bud scales, rhizomes, seeds, fruits, and pollen grains which were found in the peats. It also examines coastal peats which were formed in British coasts which include south coast, west coast, Scotland, Ireland, North Sea, and east coast.

The article describes the algae collected from Miles Rough bog in Bradford, England. Miles Rough bog is located at the upper end of a glacial overflow channel in the Millstone Grit. It is a sphagnum bog and scattered among the sphagnum are Juncus bulbosus L., Potentilla erecta (L.) Hampe, Viola Pallustris L., Hydrocotyle vulgaris L., Drosera rotundifolia L., and Carex flava L. The principal algae found were two species of Mougeotia, three species of Microspora and Zygogonium. The relation between Algal growth and the environment is discussed.

The article presents a study on three large raised bogs in the valley of the river Teifti in Cardiganshire, Wales, which is conducted under the leadership of H. Godwin and V. M. Conway. It states that the vegetation of the bog is defined under the headings Lagg, River-terrace, Rand, Sphagnetum and Regeneration Complex, Scirpetum, Molinietum and Callunetum. Initial measurements of the water-level were made at 35 sites on the bog surface and indicated that the Regeneration Complex and Sphagnetum occupy wetter areas than the Scirpetum and Molinietum, which grow in the bog's center. It is speculated that the bog is suffering, or has recently suffered, a period of climatic dryness or continentality in which the bog-center has dried out.

The article presents study on the faunistic ecology of some Cardiganshire streams. This experiment focuses on the fauna of running waters in Britain. The author provides a summary of the ecological relationships in some area in South Wales attempting to bring attention to the existing body of continental works. The components of the waters and their characteristics were explored focusing on their origin in upland bogs, consistent rapidity of flow, scanty proportion of dissolved materials specifically the lime content.