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Frequencies of the number of references per paper were obtained for the information science literature represented by ail papers cited in Information Science Abstracts, volumes 1-6 11966-1971). Almost one-third of the papers had no references. Half of them had four references or fewer; two-thirds had eight or fewer references. The ratio of papers without references to those with references was proposed as a measure of the scholarly status of a field. On this basis, information science was found to be less scholarly than pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was undertaken to classify mechanically a document collection using the free-language words in the titles and abstracts of a corpus of 261 physics research papers. Using a clustering algorithm, results were obtained which closely duplicated the clusters obtained by previous experiments with citations. A brief comparison is made with a traditional manual classification system. It is shown that the mechanical procedure Is capable of achieving simultaneous average relevance and recall figures above 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions relating to the identification of courses and the development of curricula for the information- science field cannot yield meaningful results unless the conceptual framework of the field is first delimited and its basic segments defined. Starting with the current ASIS definition of information science, an analysis is made of the rationale of current thinking relevant to the conceptual boundaries and intellectual content of the field. Information science is analyzed to be comprised of the segments of: (1) Conceptualization, (2) Storage/Transmission, and (3) Utilization. Two of the segments are shown to be based on subjective notions, which can be investigated, for the most part, through the employment of statistical and normative survey methodology. One of the segments is shown to be susceptible of the application of more rigorous research methodology capable of yielding empirical proof. Since all three segments form integral parts of the field, they need to be fully represented in the information science curriculum. The technologist as well as the humanist can make significant contributions to the growth and development of the information-science field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores on the simple procedure for processing event recorder data. The strip chart device called event recorder reads the state of an electrical switch with reference to time used in various studies is said to require a long to process the gathered data. According to the author, the usual procedure uses scissors to cut the strip charts into segments representing the desired time base which is tedious. He suggests the use of a stapler and paper cutter as an alternative for collecting the gathered data.

The section of "The Production of Woven Fabrics" focuses on the production management of woven fabrics in the textile industry discussed in various papers published in the previous sections. The systems for collection and processing of data is stated to have become increasingly refined with the development of computer technology. In their papers, researchers Z. Heczko and A. Ackermann have described the applications for monitoring production in a weaving department. In their papers, researchers Z. Heczko and A. Ackermann have described the applications for monitoring production in a weaving department. In his research paper, H.A. Cann discusses a number of monitoring systems that utilizes small computers.

The explanation of organizational structure has always been an important issue to administrative theorists. This paper investigates the structure of manufacturing operations and therefore starts from the premise that technological factors are most crucial. One current approach to structure and technology, comparative analysis, has studied the overall context but at a highly aggregative level. The "constituent" approach, on the other hand, has investigated intraorganizational relationships but at the expense of empirically verifiable theory. We develop a heuristic computer model capable of testing existing constituent theories. The model uses work flow data as technological inputs and produces a structural configuration as output. It employs administrative rules (based on Thompson's propositions for structuring the technical core) to convert inputs into outputs. The inputs, outputs, and rules are formally represented using list processing concepts. Operationalizing the formal concepts has been satisfactorily explored in a pilot study of a small manufacturing firm. Testing existing constituent theory is just the initial phase of this project. It is possible to develop new structural theory for the technical core and the rest of the organization, and to engage in a form of comparative analysis to judge the effects of varying contexts. Moreover, the fact that a structural configuration is produced implies utility in the area of design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of electronics in record-keeping and data-processing has placed the office equipment industry in the most challenging, yet potentially rewarding, role in its history. And the same thing can be said for accountants. Electronics is a new mode of transportation. Because of its tremendous speed in carrying out the errands, the electron can take one just about anywhere, statistically speaking. This revolution in office procedures and data-processing, promises to do for man's mind what the industrial revolution did for his body. By harnessing the electron, one will be able to multiply a single clerical employee's efforts many times. In a few more years American business would have been figuratively snowed under by its ever mounting volume of paperwork. At the start of the 20th century, only one man in every 40 employees was a paper worker. With pen and ink as his chief tools, this early-day clerical was able to keep up with all of the demands placed on accounting by business.

This paper describes an extendible command analyser. The system, known as Mistral, is interactive and permits dynamic language design and modification. It contains a base programming language which, when coupled with a set of special purpose routines, provides a semantic language in which particular applications languages can be developed. A pattern language allows commands to be specified in a syntax suited to the needs and experience of particular classes of users. The basic capabilities of the system are outlined in this paper, as is the implementation. Projected developments of the project, which is an on-going one, are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of research papers on subject and linguistic analysis in information science. In the paper "Study of Theories and Models of Information Storage and Retrieval: Report No. 7: Graphs and Algorithms for Term Relations," an algorithm is presented for grouping the terms of a document corpus into genera, and it is shown that the different genera of the graph G = (T, M), where T is the set of index terms and M the reflexive, symmetrical relation of matching, constitute a partition of T. In "All Evaluation of Links and Roles Used in Information Retrieval," links and roles are techniques for modifying a basic coordinate indexing method.

The impetus for the work described in this paper arose from observations reported in a letter to the Editor of this Journal (1). The sense of that letter was that those of us who have worked in the field now broadly called Computer and Information Science, have depended too long on the use of terms defined by example or through the vague specification of relationships (often weak) among entities. The term to which the author of the letter made specific reference (a term to which altogether too many interpretations are allied) was "thesaurus." The reader will find that the term "thesaurus" is not defined in this paper but, as will be seen, a number of more basic terms have been selected as the starting point for a project of defining terms which are important in communicating about computer and information science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of an integrated information system is difficult to define, and practical tests for its boundaries are evidently needed. This paper considers the organizational limits of such a system with- out detailed consideration of mechanization and its effects. One purpose is to make possible some initial decisions as to what systems and what organizational units might be encompassed in an initial plan for integration. The configuration is shown to be irregular and its limits are shown to be decided by pragmatic considerations. No attempt is made to enumerate all possible sub-systems that might be considered, although examples familiar to accountants have been furnished. Criteria are expressed in general terms, due to the varying information needs and problems of individual enterprises. The legal definition of a corporation is not considered to be adequate for defining the area over which an integrated system might be imposed. In addition, an attempt is made to relate sub-systems, and to define requirements for their integration. These requirements essentially are in terms of data processing compatibility (the usual subject of papers on "total" systems) and compatibility of like and unlike sets of data. The latter is obviously important and is frequently overlooked. In analyzing the links between sets of data, a study of intersections is considered to be helpful. The intersections reveal lack of structural compatibility in the organizational dimension (if it exists) and in addition make possible the identification of redundancies in the vertical dimension. Further analysis is required in the latter case, if unwarranted redundancies are to be eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of research papers on application of computers to classification, indexing, and text processing. In the paper "Structure Matching in Information Processing," a new technique for comparing structured data is presented. In particular, an algorithm is developed which makes possible the efficient comparison of any two structures that can be represented by a graph. The study "Common Vocabulary Approaches for Government Scientific and Technical Information Systems," which takes a broader look into the vocabulary problem, was given added impetus by the more recent interest of the Committee on Scientific Information of the Federal Council for Science and Technology.

Intelligent problem-solving, whether by man or by machine, implies selective rather than just rapid behavior. Humans achieve this selectivity through heuristics--principles that, on the average, contribute to reduction of search in problem-solving. Heuristic programming is the construction of computer problem-solving programs whose behavior is similarly organized. This paper surveys the present and potential use of heuristic programming in management science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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One of the most important developments on the industrial scene in the past decade has been the advancement in information technology. Probably no other time in history has been characterized by such a rapid rate of technological progress in information processing as that observed during this period. Today, there are more than 15,500 electronic data processing systems of various sizes operating in the United States, and continuous installations in business firms of more electronic computers are expected in the future. The wide-spread application of electronic data processing has made an impact upon many phases of management organizations. In many concerns operational procedures, the organizational structure, the flow of managerial information, the distribution of manpower, and the work content of jobs have been radically changed or altered in some manner. This paper reports a study on one of these areas of change, namely, the effects of the newer information technology upon the distribution of clerical and managerial manpower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper and the five following summarize the material presented at a session on file management systems at the ASIS Annual Meeting in October 1969. The term file management refers to computer systems that address the full range of processing activities associated with files, not only retrieval, but also file formatting, updating, and maintenance. To provide a common basis for reporting recent work in this area, an exercise in computer processing of document reference material was defined and distributed to those interested in participating. The exercise consisted of file building, updating, and correction processes, as well as a variety of sample inquiries and reports. Seventy articles on data processing were used as the data base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of reports on proposed library facilities. In the paper "Machine Processing in a Special Library," the range of application of EAM and EDP techniques to the technical operations and service mission of the special library is typified by several summaries. In "Establishment of a Coordinate Indexing Retrieval System for the Air Force Materials Laboratory," a coordinate indexing system for a library containing over 10,000 documents has been established. This report discusses in detail the indexing of documents using deep indexing with links and roles.

Cold type composition is a method of producing typescript and/or graphic information by means of inputting coded text into core memory and retrieving via programs written to highlight or extract specific elements of text. Such technology represents a significant advancement in information transfer because of 1. the incredible speed with which "printed" matter may be produced, and 2. the variety of publications made possible by massaging date bases already converted to machine readable form. This paper examines the two fundamentally different technologies of "CRT" and "Photon" composition in order to analyze their impact on library and information science. The author concludes we we on the verge of an information revolution which will allow for integration of knowledge to an unprecedented degree provided the information community becomes aware of these implications, and rigorously questions present mans of bibliographic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts with an overview of the way the ASIS file management exercise was approached using three of the divisions of UL/1. These were establishment, update, and interrogation in that order. After the 65-record file was established via a necessary data conversion, it was updated in one run. Finally, three of the four required listings and all queries were handled in one run of the interrogation division. Examples are included of how updates, listings, and queries are specified in UL/1. The conclusion discusses shortcomings in UL/1 which the exercise revealed and mentions UL/1 capability not called for in the exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for determining the cause of irregular pickspacing is described which is applicable in cases where there is a significant variation in weft count, particularly when there is no obvious correlation between weft count and pick- spacing. The method makes use of an electronic computer. The paper also draws attention to the significance of sample size in the experimental determination of weft count and pickspacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine methods, the key to office automation, have developed impressively ever since the invention of the adding machine in the 1880's. Soon afterwards appeared the desk calculators. These milestones of machine method have progressively increased the areas of "automated" office operations. They have thereby progressively narrowed the need for the pencil and paper, the elemental tools of the accountant. As savers of human energy and time, all devices for mechanizing office tasks possess the same attributes, and the differences between them are relative only, important as the differences are. All of the known devices will continue to be useful, for the situations in the modern office in which machine methods are needed are as varied as they are vast. No doubt the future will see a more frequent reassessment of the functional usefulness of a particular machine in use to see if its versatility, speed and capability enable it to perform a task as economically as some other machine available in the market.

Although a large number of Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) Systems have been planned, implemented, and tested over the past few years, insufficient attention has been given to the collection and interpretation of important data needed for evaluation. We describe some of the defects common to almost all of the reported systems, single out one recent report for detailed discussion and argue in favor of collection and correct interpretation of data on one important and frequently overlooked evaluation factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is presented as a challenge paper for a symposium on education for information science to be held by the American Documentation Institute in September, 1965. The paper suggests that both searching for information in a collection of stored messages and searching for information in the process of education have been subject to and shaped by one basic constraint-the very limited rates of flow of information into human sense channels, it is shown How information retrieval and education each have surmounted the same difficulty in the same way, by many-1 homomorphic transformations on messages which greatly reduce their word (or bit) content while preserving certain minimum invariants which identify the messages. From the homomorphic reductions, sensing time has been reduced further by means of the equivalence classes derived from the "vocabularies" in which the reduced messages are recoded. A quantitative partial model of information retrieval (to be presented in greater detail elsewhere) is suggested as homomorphic with education. Some possible applications to education in general and education for information science in particular ore discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the use of simulation techniques at SDC in the analysis of time-sharing system operation. The purpose and goals of this research effort are briefly outlined and some comments on the advantages and disadvantages of direct simulation for this type of work are given. The existing simulator models are described in terms of inputs, general flow, and outputs; and the results of initial investigations with these models are given. Work currently in progress is discussed, and some related problems that may possibly be studied in the future by similar methods are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on certain newly published books on technology. The book "The Computer in American Education," edited by Don O. Bushnell and Dwight W. Allen, is a compilation of papers presented at a 1965 conference jointly sponsored by the Association of Educational Data Systems and the Stanford University School of Education, with support from the Fund for the Advancement of Education. The editors also commissioned two additional papers in areas not covered at the conference. The book "Educational Data Processing: New Dimensions and Prospects," edited by Richard A. Kaimann and Robert W. Marker, appears to be directed toward those who have management responsibilities in educational settings. Although it is a well-conceived book of readings, it fails where most books of this nature fail. That is, the topics covered are too wide in ranges and the coverage too limited in scope. The result of course, is a quick look at educational data processing. The preface of the book "Data Processing for Educators," by Alvin Grossman and Robert L. Howe, suggests that it was written for educators, and it uses terminology understandable to them.

The article presents a list of research papers on some proposed facilities other information centers related to information science. "A Retrieval System for Searching Defense Documentation Center Magnetic Tape Files," states that a document retrieval system was developed with the cooperation of the Defense Documentation Center. This report describes the logic of the computer program developed, and provides instructions for use of the program. "USAF Mechanical Properties Data Center," cover the continued operation of the U.S.A.F. Mechanical Properties Data Center, including the expansion of data files, capabilities, and data output.

The article reports on technological innovations, particularly automation, and the impact these developments can have on all segments of business. Most of the significant progress in automation has previously been confined to production processes and manufacturing. Only recently have automation methods been linked with marketing. This has been confined largely to warehousing, transportation, order picking and handling. These innovations speed up the distribution process and lower marketing costs. But what about the other important marketing functions: selling; new product development and testing; communications, including advertising, public relations, and publicity; packaging; and marketing research?

This paper gives a simple method for improving joint replenishment systems. The method is typically applicable to the batch processing industry where a batch is blended (manufactured) and subsequently packaged into various types of containers. The objective is to package items economically. A problem has been solved for illustrating the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic model for determining optimal lot sizes in production-inventory systems is: K = SB+F B/Z +Z/2 Sl, (the lot size = Z). If interactions between two or more products of the system cause restrictions to be laid upon the lot sizes, the technique of Lagrangian multipliers may be used for solving the lot size problem. A successful practical application of the Lagrange-technique depends largely upon the availability of electronic data-processing equipment.
In business situations, deviations from optimal lot sizes are often required for reasons not included in the model. As shown in the second part of this paper, the economic consequences of the deviations can be determined approximately without any great calculation. It is also indicated that the economic consequences caused by moderate deviations are rather small compared with the total costs involved in the whole production inventory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time and time again software projects, though undertaken by people of considerable intellectual ability, fail. This will doubtless be a continuing phenomenon, because software production is indeed a difficult task requiring wide-ranging skills. Certainly, no single paper can suddenly solve all the problems of software writing and eliminate the failures. The scope of this paper is limited to four stages in the execution of software projects, namely the planning, coding, testing, and final usage. These four crucial areas contain pitfalls that have been responsible for a large proportion of software failures, and it is hoped this paper will help avoid some of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some new text searching retrieval techniques are described which retrieve not documents but sentences from documents and sometimes (on occasions determined by the computer) multi-sentence sequences. Since the goal of the techniques is retrieval of answer providing documents, "answer-passages" are retrieved. An "answer-passage" is a passage which is either answer-providing or "answer-indicative," i.e., it permits inferring that the document containing it is answer-providing. In most cases answer-sentences, i.e., single-sentence answer-passages, are retrieved. This has great advantages for screening retrieval output. Two new automatic procedures for measuring closeness of relation between clue words in a sentence are described. One approximates syntactic closeness by counting the number of intervening "syntactic joints" (roughly speaking, prepositions, conjunctions and punctuation marks) between successive clue words. The other measure uses word proximity in a new way. The two measures perform about equally well. The computer uses "enclosure" and "connector words" for determining when a multi-sentence passage should be retrieved. However, no procedure was found in this study for retrieving multi-paragraph answer passages, which were the only answer-passages occurring in 6% of the papers. In a test of the techniques they failed to retrieve two answer-providing documents (7% of those to be retrieved) because of one multi-paragraph answer-passage and one complete failure of clue word selection. For the other answer-providing documents they retrieved at all recall levels with greater precision than SMART, which has produced the best previously reported recall-precision results. The retrieval questions (mostly from real users) and documents used in this study were from the field of information science. The results of the study are surprisingly good for retrieval in such a "soft science," and it is reasonable to hope that in less "soft" sciences and technologies the techniques described will work even better. On this basis a dissemination and retrieval system of the near future is predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a wide range of sophistication possible with Management Information Systems in an organization. This paper begins by discussing the dimensions of sophistication, and where an organization should be on a scale of sophistication. Actions which can be taken by a firm to increase sophistication of its systems are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Easily manipulated list structures for recording the basis tree for adjacent extreme point (“simplex type”) network algorithms are paramount to the development of computationally efficient network algorithms. This paper presents a new list structure which is shown to be computationally more efficient and to require one-third less computer memory to implement than all alternate list structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is stressed that Lotka's Law was originally only applicable in physical science, specifically chemistry and physics. The more recent general application of Lotka's Law in non-physical science, without appropriate new tests of validity, is bemoaned. A recent test in the humanities is discussed, showing that Lotka's Law does apply reasonably in that specialty. A plea is made for more "spot checks" of so called general "Laws," which were determined using specific subject samples-not only for Lotka's Law, which is used here as an example, but in all such "laws" applied in information science, in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of "process" has come to play a central role in many efforts to master the complexity of large computer systems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss useful methods of structuring complex processes, and to relate these to the problems of improving the quality of large computer systems. Two distinct ways of structuring systems are presented, namely, process combination, and process abstraction; these are then used to discuss such topics as concurrency, synchronization, multiprogramming, interpreters, and programmable processors. This discussion is based on a set of precise definitions for such concepts as "process," "processor," "computation," "combination," and "abstraction." The paper relates these definitions to both current research and practical applications, with particular concern for the problems of the performance, reliability, and modifiability of computer systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present an easily applied test useful in determining whether or not a supplier's data have been truncated. The proposed test has the following desirable properties: (I) it is the uniformly most powerful rank test, (ii) it is asymptotically uniformly most powerful, (iii) power computations can easily be made for arbitrary sample sizes, formulas for such computations being given in the paper. Although formulated in the context of verifying a supplier's data, the test can be applied to other situations in which false representation of data in the form of truncation is important. Such is the case, for example, in reliability demonstrations or legal suits involving physical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BASED on one of mankind's most significant technological developments, the electronic computer, data processing is a rapidly growing and already important occupation. Because it is so new, data processing is not a well-known field and has not acquired the popular stereotype that many other occupations have. Although such popular conceptions of occupations are frequently inadequate as grounds for vocational choice, the data-processing field lacks even this much reality for many people. Consequently, a measure that can be used to direct the attention of qualified persons to the data-processing field should be especially valuable in counseling, guidance, and recruiting. During 1964 and 1965, therefore, a project was conducted for the purposes of describing the vocational interests of computer programmers and developing a scoring key to measure those interests (Perry & Cannon, 1967). This paper describes the relationships of scores on the new programmer interest key and other Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) keys to measures of satisfaction and achievement among programmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraordinary growth in the number of legally independent units of government during the 1950s and '60s has prompted a wide variety of scholarly efforts toward description, analysis and theorizing. The literature generated through these efforts is voluminous and dispersed and has so far never been subject to systematic codification. In this brief paper there can be no question of doing justice to the entire range of approaches to the comparative study of state formation and national development. Only a few lines of attack will be singled out for discussion and even these will not be evaluated in any great detail: the purpose is not to review the past literature but to define priority tasks for future cooperative data processing and interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a comprehensive simulation modeling approach to the problem of locating warehousing facilities in a fashion that minimizes the cost associated with operating a multi-product, multi-source, multi-destination distribution system. The digital simulation model presented in the study is derived within an "industrial dynamics" framework, utilizes input from an existing management information system, and employs a number of relatively simple heuristic procedures to analyze various alternative warehousing networks. Simulation results, in terms of the distribution costs associated with various warehouse locations, are presented for cases involving the effect of provision of a 100% service level, the effect of constraining product availability and/or inventory capacities at various warehouses, and the effect of deleting various warehouses from the existing warehouse network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a framework for analyzing the ingredients involved in the economic evaluation of computer based management information systems (MIS). The approach presented revolves around viewing the development of MIS configurations as a series of economic decisions. These decisions are categorized into analysis decisions — what information should the MIS provide to management — and design decisions — what technology should the MIS employ to provide this information. Using this decision dichotomy, the types and sources of benefits and costs can be more accurately identified and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does administration, in its various fields of research and practise, draw upon a common, central body of theory? What are the commonalities, if any, that span the administration of business firms, voluntary organizations, governmental agencies, public school systems, universities and other organizations? These were the concerns of a faculty seminar held by the University of Washington, in June, 1965 at a resort location. Fifteen faculty members of the University participated, drawn from the fields of economics, anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, law, business administration, public administration, educational administration and military administration. To provide points of departure for the discussion, participants were invited to submit working papers for circulation to the members of the seminar. These were intended to epitomize the contributor's approach to his field of administration, or in the case of the basic disciplines, the relevance of his discipline to administration. Discussions were informal. After two days of canvassing the basic disciplines and the attitudes of members identified with the administrative profession, the group applied itself to an estimate of points of substantial agreement.

Cyclic queuing systems have been proposed by several authors in the study of the behavior of multiprogrammed computer systems. Programs in the system wait for service at the central processor unit (CPU); then, after page fault or input-output request at a data transmission unit (DTU), the process repeats until the program completes. Semi-Markov analysis of such systems, based on the apparently plausible assumption of independently but exponentially distributed CPU burst time, and independent, but nearly consistent DTU time may be conducted. This paper presents some very simple approximations based on a continuous-state approximation--the simple diffusion with two reflecting barriers--to describe the CPU utilization. Computational experiences from which the quality of the approximation can be assessed in reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several alternative aproaches were examined to determine how one might identify the key contributions to "information science." The advice of experts provides some assistance, provided one is prepared to cope with their differing value systems. Reliance on current textbooks can also be helpful, provided it is recognized that they show very considerable variation in point of view, subject coverage and -- apparently -- in the selection of references. For example, of 911 distinct references contained in the six current texts that were analyzed, only 14% of them appeared in more than one of the books. The unclear selective patterns in current bibliographies in the information science field also presented problems. The present attempt to identify key contributions suggests that we are far from common agreement on the conceptual, methodological, or practical contributions to the information science field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A program has been written that enables the IBM 709 computer to read the representation of a text that has been punched on a Flexowriter tape, to read the corresponding representation of a list of changes that are to be made in this text, and then to produce mechanically the representation of the altered text on a further Flexowriter tape from which the altered text may be typed mechanically. The changes (or `editing instructions') are expressed in a stylized instruction language; that is, they have the form of English sentences that can be understood without any knowledge of coding conventions, These sentences are analyzed within the computer by a syntactic analysis subroutine which uses the `local syntax" that has been specified for the editing instructions as data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persons performing research in the field of information retrieval need to be concerned with likenesses as well as differences in various automated systems. This paper uses the same computer routines to com- pare two dictionaries of different sizes, having some similar features and some different features it compares the use of the dictionaries in building their input file, and discusses the frequency of occurrence of descriptors and their combining power, with an analysis of the data generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article states that a documentation system that employs machine literature searching methods must link together a number of different operations and functions. The linking together of diverse operations and functions is most conveniently accomplished by a system of symbolism whose design and development is influenced and controlled by a variety of factors to be reviewed in the article. This system of symbolism has come to be called "machine language." Perhaps the origin of this term could be traced to certain points of similarity and contact with human language.

In a variety of situations, the amount of service activity wanted by a queuer is a function of the length of time during which he has had to wait for it. Additional want of service may emerge as a consequence of his own activity. New events may induce him to change the information, which he wants to communicate to somebody else. The latter case may also be regarded as a two-phase queuing problem. This paper considers the queuing problem characterized by Poisson streams of calls for service from the customers, the intensity of the individual rate of calls, and service times, being dependent on the position of the customer. An approximate solution is given for the general case, and special cases are examined with the aid of Monte-Carlo models. The solution covers a range of `machine-interference' problems and provides a pendant, in the range of finite numbers of customers, to the classical Erlangian solution of the infinite population delay system case. The model also accounts for the well-known fact that statistics frequently indicate a longer remaining duration of a telephone conversation, the longer it has been in progress. It remains to study, how the distribution of service times affects the accuracy of the solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An upperbound algorithm is presented for solving the multiterminal delivery problem. The method involves determining savings from joining points on routes and making possible assignments as a function of the maximum savings for joining cities on routes. The algorithm permits restrictions to be imposed on the system. If all possibilities are investigated, this approach will lead to an optimal solution using savings as the criterion to be optimized. In practice this may be very time consuming so a limited version is presented where only the most promising nodes are investigated. The methodology developed is applicable to the single terminal problem, since it is a special case of the multiterminal problem. A computer program has been written and a set of problems were solved with the algorithm using an IBM 360/50 computer. The results of a series of single and multiterminal problems are illustrated in the paper. As is evident from these results the time required to solve a problem increases as a function of the number of demand points and the number of terminals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the computational performance of the quadratic programming algorithms of Dantzig, Beale, Wolfe and a modification of Wolfe's algorithm. Problems are generated and solved on the computer with iteration count serving as the principal method of comparison. The effect of certain problem parameters on rate of convergence is considered and computer time and storage requirements of the four algorithms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the Criss-Cross Method of solving linear programming problems. The method, a primal-dual scheme, normally begins with a problem solution that is neither primal nor dual feasible, and generates an optimal feasible solution in a finite number of iterations. Convergence of the method is proved and flow charts of the method are presented. The method has been programmed in FORTRAN and has been run on a number of computers including the IBM 1620, the IBM 7044, the CDC G-20, and the CDC 6400. A number of problems have been solved using the Criss-Cross method, and some comparisons between the Criss-Cross method and the Simplex method have been made. The results, though scanty, are favorable for the Criss-Cross method. A means of using the product form of the inverse with the Criss-Cross method is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]