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This article presents discussion on the economic performance of the communist countries. According to the author, In a highly centralized economy, the way to make headway quickly is to concentrate on easy tasks and neglect difficult ones. The trouble with this procedure is that some day the bill has to be paid, and it turns out to be higher than it would have been if problems had been properly dealt with as they arose. Neglect of some critical tasks simply because they are difficult means that all tasks gradually become less tractable. Eventually they all become too difficult for the system to manage. According to one of the article published in the journal "American Economic Association," the Soviet economy has achieved remarkable growth, but this very growth, accompanied by compounded complexities in the economy, now threatens to break down the machine that generated it. In another article of the same journal, the author focuses on the efficiency of the economy of Yugoslavia. One of the other article discusses about the postwar industrialization of Rumania. According to the article, Rumanian industrial output grew between 1948 and 1960, 4.6 times as against 4.9 times claimed officially.

Reports that the sedimentological characteristics of typical flysch sediments have been confirmed for the Romanian flysch. Emplacement by turbidity currents of the coarse beds alternating with the shales and marls.

Highlights the National Conference of Nurses in Bucharest, Romania on September 1966. Attendance at the conference from the nursing community representing several European countries; Theme of the conference; Presentation of various research papers and topics for discussion.

Focuses on the 8th International Soil-Science Congress held in Bucharest, Romania from August to September 1964. Principles and systems for a world-scale general soil classification; Classification and cartography of soils in various countries; Features and systematics of cultivated soils.

The article reports that the Romanian Ministry of Public Instruction will close 60 schools, most of which are normal schools and high schools. The closure of some normal schools will address the oversupply of teachers. The high schools to be closed are those that existed only on paper. It will also close schools for professionals in order to divert a number of students to agricultural schools

This article summarizes data on the distribution and development of oak dieback in Romania. Between 1910 and 1961, three periods of oak dieback, each lasting for a number of years, have occurred in Romania. These have involved Quercus robur, petraea, pedunculiflora, pubescens, frainetto and cerris. Among the many organisms isolated are: two species of Ophiostoma, two new species of Erwinia, a Thielaviopsis type fungus and Armillaria mellea. The trouble is complex, involving both abiotic and biotic factors.

The article offers a look at Romanian sociological publications in the 1970s. An article by Ioan I. Matei, published in the Revue Internationale de Sociologie provides a summary discussion of rural sociology in Romania. Industrialization and urbanization, expansion of education and the rule of the Romanian Communist Party have been among the most significant social changes in Romania during the 1950s-1970s. In Factori Sociali, Honorina Cazacu's multivariable analysis of human motivation deserves special mention because workers' behavior was analyzed, for the most part, in term of political orientation and not in terms of human motivation. A second category of sociological publications during 1970 and 1971 deals with educational issues. The last category, political sociology, appears to lack empirical investigations. For example, since nationalism and nation has been significant in his theoretical reflections in Eseuri despre Natiune. Contributii la Sociologica Culturii de Masa edited by M. Cernea and Structura Procesului Cultural de Mesa edited by Haralamb Culea concentrated on different media of mass communication as well as on different audiences in smaller communities. France of the influence of French sociology is manifested in Sociologica Franceza Contemporana edited by Ion Aluas and Ion Dragan.

The fertility effects of legal shifts occurring in Romania in 1966 are examined as a large, naturally-occurring `experiment' on the impact of laws on fertility behaviour: In all likelihood, the effects of the Romanian policies represent the largest short-term increase in fertility ever experienced by a large human population. All fertility indicators nearly doubled in the space of one year. The greatest relative increases occurred to women aged 30-34, 35-39, and 40-44 of parities 2 and 3. There is clear evidence, however, of an accelerating decline in fertility since 1967. The sharp fluctuations in age-cohort size resulting from the drastic increase and subsequent decrease in fertility are likely to lead to important and difficult problems of accommodation as these cohorts move through the age span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the unbalances economic growth in Rumania. In the last two years the Rumanian Statistical Office has reported figures of industrial growth which amount to the highest in the entire socialist block, with the possible exception of Mongolia: gross industrial output at 1955 prices rose by 12 per cent in 1960 and by 16 percent in 1961. The Six Year Plan for 1959-65 calls for a sustained rate industrial growth of about 13 per cent per year. Rumania is rich in petroleum, gas, and timber resources. With a population of 18 million, it accounts for 88 per cent of crude oil extraction in this group, 81 per cent of the natural gas output, and roughly 20 per cent of the timber produced. With respect to the materials and semifabricates that are considered essential ingredients of growth in these states, Rumania is still underdeveloped and lags behind its allies, but it is catching up, it produced nearly 7 per cent of the steel in the group in 1950, 9 per cent in 1960, and is slated to produce 3.3 million tons in 1965, or 11 per cent of the group's output.

The article talks about the important developments in the educational system of the Socialist Republic of Rumania. The main types of the old Rumanian school system, which includes pre-school institutions, elementary schools, secondary schools, higher education and teacher training, are discussed. It offers the developments in the system after World War II. A thorough discussion of the present educational system in Rumania is presented, including descriptions of the characteristics of education in Rumania and the school types. Other developments and prospects for Rumanian schools are also discussed.

Reports that in the Paleogene of the Tarcau Valley, Romania, the largest part of the thick-bedded and coarse-grained material was supplied by longitudinal paleocurrents from a distant source. Independence of the longitudinal supplies from the lateral ones; Paleogene internal flysch; Tarcau facies; Turbiditic horizons.

The article offers information on Colchicum autumnale L. It states that this is a perennial herb, the underground portion of which is an ovoid corm about 5 cm. in diameter covered with the dark brown remains of old leaves. It also mentions that in many localities this plant has been destroyed for it is identified to be poisonous to cattle. This plant is found in the south-east part of Ireland, particularly the Nore Valley in Kilkenny. It also grows in damp meadows and pastures in central Europe, east to Lithuania and Romania and south to north Italy and Spain.

Examines socialist planning in Romania for its economic growth. Discussion on the impact of rising rates of industrialization and research activities on economic planning; Benefits of socialist planning; Factors to consider in socialist planning.

Examines problems faced by Romania when trading between countries with different socio-economic systems. Promotion of international economic relations; Foreign trade of Romania with some developed capitalist countries; Analysis of credit.

Planners have reformed Rumania's administrative map almost a dozen times since the end of the First World War. The mosaics produced by these overhauls reflect in the size, shape, number, and distribution of their constituent local govemment areas the political objectives that inspired reform. With one exception (1938) the mosaies also exhibit high degrees of areal correlation between their eonstituent divisions and ethnic, historic, eeonomic, and physical regions in the Rumanian landscape; moreover, the planners who designed the exceptional mosaic tried purposely to avoid such congruence. Administrative divisions fashioned in geographical vacuums according to geometrical formulas have not typified contemporary Rumania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among Eastern Europeans, in addition to exercising a great influence on Polish sociology, Romanians made themselves a name because of a unique approach to the subject developed by sociologist D. Gusti between the two world wars. Since Romania still has a slight majority of persons living in rural areas, it is natural that even forty years ago Gusti concentrated primarily on studies of Romanian villages. Combining all possible information on a single village, he succeeded in organizing groups of researchers from different specialties. Probably people should acknowledge that Gusti's approach was inspired largely also by ethnography and anthropology. The generalizations about the character of Romanian sociology are: First, there is the great tradition of Gusti who not only concentrated his attention on an aboriginal social phenomenon, i.e. villages, but also developed original concepts to analyze it. Secondly, Romanians are a Latin nation living among Slavic nations and Hungarians. Consequently, their geographical position has developed certain social mechanisms in order to maintain their distinctive identity. Thirdly, at present Romania has been changing rapidly in the direction of industrialization. This is the major change in Romanian society. Consequently, sociologists are paying increasing attention to it. One can hope that Romanian sociologists will follow the Gusti tradition and will seek to develop a unique contribution to industrial sociology.